1,721,970 research outputs found
Interaction and Confrontation of Islamic Civilization with Christian Civilization Post Eastern Roman Conquest in Europe
Get PDFFor Christian nations, the fall of Constantinople symbolized the collapse of their defensive stronghold and highlighted the threat posed by the Islamic Ottoman Empire. This event marked the transition from the center of Christian civilization to Islamic civilization, sparking a process of adaptation and interaction between the two civilizations. This paper examines how this interaction took place, including the integration and conflicts recorded in history and their impacts up to the present day. The research method used is a literature study, where the author traces relevant documents with a focus on the study. After finding the relevant sources, the researcher reads and critically analyzes them to understand their content, evaluate their validity, and reliability. The research results show that the relationship between Islam and Christianity during the Ottoman Empire demonstrated complex dynamics, with a mixture of tolerance, cooperation, and conflict. Policies of tolerance and cultural exchange had a positive impact on the development of civilization in the region. However, confrontations between the two religions arose from various factors, such as: Differences in beliefs and traditions became sources of tension, especially in the Balkan region. Political rivalry between the Ottomans and European Christian powers impacted inter-religious relations. Both Christian and Islamic parties discriminated against minority religions. The conflicts and tensions that emerged are also part of history that needs to be studied to understand the complexity of inter-religious relations in the past
The use of adhesive in Malaysia / Rinawati Mohd Yusof
Get PDFThe using of adhesive is important in wood industry for our country. It using widely for product with wood such as panel, furniture, construction and etc. The choosing of suitable adhesive must be the important criteria to make sure the usage are effective. Economical using of adhesive is important to decrease or minimize the company operating cost without affecting the quality in the wood industry
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
A study of motivation factors among participants in aerobic dance programme at a fitness centre / Rinawati Zulkiffli
Get PDFPhysical activity is important for maintaining a healthful lifestyle. Most sport and exercise participants are activated by intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, but may differ in their perception. This study was conducted to know and identify the motivational factors among participants for their involvement in an aerobic dance programme at TCGF, Kompleks PKNS Shah Alam. Fifty-two subjects aged 20 - 49 years old from TCGF were voluntarily selected for this study. A self-administered questionnaire divided into demography, background of participation, intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation, were used for collecting data. Out of 52 subjects, 45 were females and seven were males. The subjects in this study comprised 80.8% Malays, 11.5% Chinese and 7.7% Indians. All the data were analyzed by using SPSS and presented as frequency and percentage. From the result it was found that, the subjects were motivated to participate aerobic dance programme in factors; intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Most of the subjects agreed to the factors from intrinsic motivation (weight concern, health and fitness, enjoyment/interest, release tension personal goal achievement, psychological concern, self-esteem and competence/challenge) motivated them to participate in aerobic dance programme. The factors from extrinsic motivation also motivate their participation including get support, reward, team orientation, class environment, physical appearance and social interaction. The study therefore concluded that the subjects in the present study were motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Thus, the subjects must follow methods of motivating in order to stay motivated to participate in aerobic dance programme. However, further research is required to determine others factor that contribute to the participation of the participants in aerobic dance programme
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