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تحليل الأخطاء النحوية والصرفية ومعالجتها لتصميم كراسة التدريبات لمهارة الكـتابة لـدى طـلبة جـامعة السيـد علـي رحمـة الله الإسـلامية الحكـوميـة تولونج أجونج
No full textARABIC:
تنطلق هذه الدراسة من قلق الباحث في قلة عدد الساعات المعطاة لمادة "مهارة الكتابة"، حيث تُدَرَّس هذه المادة قبل حصول الطلاب على مادة الأدوات اللغوية مثل النحو والصرف. وقد أدى ذلك إلى كثرة الأخطاء في الواجب النهائي لمادة الكتابة، مما يؤكد أن الطلاب لا يزالون يواجهون صعوبة في استيعاب هذه المادة.
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى: (1) تحليل الأخطاء النحوية والصرفية الواردة في الواجب النهائي لممادة "الكتابة" لدى طلبة قسم اللغة العربية وآدابها في جامعة السيد علي رحمة الله الإسلامية الحكومية بتولونج اجونج (2) تحديد العوامل المسببة لتلك الأخطاء, (3) تقديم حلول لتحسين جودة تعليم مهارة الكتابة باللغة العربية، بما يقلل من الأخطاء التي يرتكبها الطلاب, (4) استخدام نتائج هذه الدراسة كأساس لتصميم كراسة التدريبات في تدريس مادة "مهارة الكتابة"، (5) معرفة مدى صلاحية هذه كراسة التدريبات.
تعتمد هذه الدراسة على المنهج الدمج الذي يجمع بين المنهج النوعي والمنهج الكمي. حيث تم الحصول على البيانات النوعية من خلال التوثيق، والمقابلات المعمقة، والملاحظة، بينما تم جمع البيانات الكمية من خلال الاستبيانات والاستعراضات. وقد تم تحليل البيانات كلٌ على حِدة وَفقًا للمنهج المستخدَم، حيث وُصفت البيانات النوعية أولاً، ثم تصنيف البيانات في الجدول للحصول على النتائج الكمية. بعد ذلك، استُخدم نتائج تحليل كل من المنهجين كأساس لتصميم كراسة التدريبات في مهارة الكتابة.
أظهرت نتائج هذه الدراسة أن معظم الأخطاء التي يرتكبها الطلاب تتعلق بمسائل الإعراب ووظائفه في الجملة. كما كشفت الدراسة أن السبب الرئيسي لهذه الأخطاء يعود إلى عوامل داخلية (intralingual), أي ضعف قدرة الطلاب على فهم اللغة المستهدفة، وهي اللغة العربية، خاصة فيما يتعلق بتطبيق قواعد النحو والصرف. تسعى هذه الدراسة أيضًا إلى الاستفادة من نتائج تحليل النسبة المئوية للأخطاء التي يرتكبها الطلاب كمرجع أساسي لتصميم كراسة التدريبات في مهارة الكتابة باللغة العربية، بحيث تكون كراسة التدريبات التي تم تصميمها متوافقة مع احتياجات الطلاب. ومن ناحية أخرى، فإن تصميم هذه كراسة التدريبات يُعد ضروريًا جدًا ويجب الاستمرار في تطويرها وتحسينها.
ENGLISH:
This research is motivated by the researcher’s concern regarding the limited hours allocated to the "Maharoh Kitabah" (writing skills) course. On the other hand, this course is offered before students take foundational courses such as syntax and morphology, which results in many errors found in the final assignments of the Kitabah course. This also confirms that students still face difficulties in mastering this subject.
The objectives of this study are: (1) to analyze the grammatical (nahwu) and morphological (sharf) errors found in the final assignments of the "Kitabah" course among students of the Arabic Language and Literature Study Program at Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah State Islamic University (UIN) Tulungagung; (2) to identify the factors causing these errors; (3) to propose solutions to improve the quality of Arabic writing skills learning, thereby minimizing the errors made by students; (4) to use the research findings as a basis for developing an exercise book for the Kitabah course; and (5) to assess the feasibility of the exercise book.
This study employs a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative data were collected through documentation, in-depth interviews, and observations, while quantitative data were obtained via questionnaires and surveys. Data analysis was conducted separately according to the chosen methods, starting with describing the qualitative data and then tabulating the quantitative data. The results from both analyses were used as the foundation for creating the Arabic writing exercise book.
The findings indicate that most of the errors made by students relate to issues of i‘rāb (grammatical inflection) and its functions within sentences. The study also reveals that the main cause of these errors is intralingual factors, meaning the errors stem from students’ insufficient understanding of the target language—Arabic—especially regarding the application of nahwu and sharf rules. Additionally, the research utilizes the percentage analysis of students’ errors as a fundamental reference in designing the Arabic writing exercise book, ensuring that the book meets students’ needs. On the other hand, the preparation of this textbook is considered highly feasible and important to continue developing and improving.
INDONESIA:
Penelitian ini dilandasi atas kegelisahan peneliti terkait minimnya jam yang diberikan pada matakuliah maharah kitabah, di sisi lain matakuliah ini diberikan sebelum mahasiswa memperoleh matakuliah sintaksis dan morfologi, sehingga banyak ditemukan kesalahan pada tugas akhir matakuliah kitabah, dan sekaligus mengkonfirmasi jika mahasiswa masih kesulitan untuk menerima matakuliah ini.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis kesalahan tata bahasa (nahwu) dan morfologi (sharf) yang terdapat dalam tugas akhir mata kuliah "kitabah" di kalangan mahasiswa Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Arab Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung. (2) Penelitian ini juga berupaya mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab kesalahan tersebut. (3) Penelitian ini mencoba memberikan solusi untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran keterampilan menulis dalam bahasa Arab sehingga meminimalisir kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan mahasiswa. (4) Hasil dari penelitian ini digunakan sebagai bahan dasar penyusunan buku latihan dalam pembelajaran matakuliah kitabah. (5) Penelitian ini juga digunakan untuk mengetahui kelayakan buku latihan tersebut.
Penelitian ini menggunakan mixed method yakni gabungan antara pendekatan kualitatif dan pendekatan kuantitatif. Adapun data kualitatif didapatkan dari dokumentasi, wawancara mendalam dan observasi, sedangkan data kuantitatif didapatkan dari angket dan survei. Analisis data dilakuakan secara terpisah sesui metode yang dipilih yakni mendiskripsikan data kualitatif terlebih dahulu dan membuat tabulasi untuk mendapatkan data kuantitatifnya. Kemudian hasil dari analisis pendekatan keduanya digunakan sebagai pijakan dalam membuat buku latiahan menulis.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebanyakan kesalahan yang dilakukan mahasiswa adalah terkait tentang masalah i’rob, dan fungsi-fungsinya dalam sebuah kalimat. Penelitian ini juga menyingkap bahwa faktor penyebab utama mahasiswa melakukan kesalahan adalah karena faktor intralingual yakni kesalahan yang dilakukan dikarenakan kurang mampunya mahasiswa dalam memahami bahasa tujuan yakni bahasa arab terutama terkait penerapan kaedah nahwu dan sharof. Penelitian ini juga berusaha memanfaatkan hasil analisis prosentase kesalahan yang dibuat mahasiswa sebagai acuan dasar untuk menyusun buku latihan menulis bahasa arab, sehingga buku latihan yang dibuat sesuai dengan kebutuhan mahasiswa. Disisi lain penyusunan buku ajar tersebut terbilang sangat layak dan penting untuk terus dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan
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