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A Conservative Theory of Political Obligation
Full text linkThe aim of this thesis is to develop a conservative theory of political obligation.
In the first chapter, I advance a series of preliminary definitions: I specify that political
obligation is the moral (not merely the legal) duty to obey the law qua law; I discuss the
requirements that a successful theory of political obligation should match; and I criticize
philosophical anarchism.
In chapters 2, 3, and 4, I analyse the notion of conservatism. I focus on the concepts of ‘status
quo bias’, ‘historical value’, ‘traditionalism’, and on the principles I label as ‘the primacy of order
over liberty’ and ‘the primacy of community over the individual’.
The idea is that conservatism is committed to the preservation of existing states of affairs and
traditions, as long as they are carriers of historical value (HV), as the means to establish a form of
intergenerational connection (what I call the ‘diachronic community’), and for reasons related to the
problem of transition costs in reforms, to policy-makers’ ignorance, and to the role of stable
conventions in political life. However, I also observe that conservatives recognize that some degree
of change is necessary precisely for conservation to be effective. This so-called ‘conservation
paradox’ is particularly evident in the case of transmission of traditions.
In chapter 6, I develop a conservative theory of political obligation based on the Oakeshottean
notion of membership in the ‘civil association’. This is a mode of relationship that members of
nation-States entertain with each other, sharing not a common purpose, but only subscribing to the
same general rules of conduct, sanctioned by the legal system. Obeying the law is the minimal, but
necessary and sufficient condition for political obligation to hold.
The so-called practice of civility, in which membership in the civil association is grounded,
connects with each other the members of the polity both synchronically and diachronically.
Therefore, it is the source of an internal good, the bond of community that citizens establish
reciprocally and across the generations, and it is a carrier of HV. Moreover, the good of ‘civility’
can also be understood in functionalist terms, as it represents the conditio sine qua non for the
realization of all other essential goods of societal life, be they primary (peace, security, etc.) or
secondary (the development of arts, science, a market system, etc.). I conclude that, since the
practice of civility generates HV and the internal good of civility, and it links together the
generations of the living, the generations of the dead, and those of the unborn, citizens do have a
moral duty to conserve it and transmit it. Consequently, they do have a political obligation, that is
to say, the duty to obey the law.
In chapter 6, I also show how the theory of political obligation developed in this thesis matches
the requirements discussed in the first chapter.
Eventually, I add an Appendix in which I analyse the problem of a ‘conservative’ civil
disobedience, by adopting a slightly modified version of the Rawlsian framework. I argue that civil
disobedience should have the following characteristics: it has to be directed against the government
and its agencies, not against private subjects; it has to be public; it has to be nonviolent; its aim has
to be the reinstatement of the transcendental conditions of the civil association, which the targeted
law or policy have allegedly damaged; it may be either direct or indirect; its purpose should be
either the repeal of the contested law or policy, or the obtainment of exemptions for the exercise of
legal conscientious objection; civil disobedients ought to be prompt to accept punishment.The aim of this thesis is to develop a conservative theory of political obligation.
In the first chapter, I advance a series of preliminary definitions: I specify that political
obligation is the moral (not merely the legal) duty to obey the law qua law; I discuss the
requirements that a successful theory of political obligation should match; and I criticize
philosophical anarchism.
In chapters 2, 3, and 4, I analyse the notion of conservatism. I focus on the concepts of ‘status
quo bias’, ‘historical value’, ‘traditionalism’, and on the principles I label as ‘the primacy of order
over liberty’ and ‘the primacy of community over the individual’.
The idea is that conservatism is committed to the preservation of existing states of affairs and
traditions, as long as they are carriers of historical value (HV), as the means to establish a form of
intergenerational connection (what I call the ‘diachronic community’), and for reasons related to the
problem of transition costs in reforms, to policy-makers’ ignorance, and to the role of stable
conventions in political life. However, I also observe that conservatives recognize that some degree
of change is necessary precisely for conservation to be effective. This so-called ‘conservation
paradox’ is particularly evident in the case of transmission of traditions.
In chapter 6, I develop a conservative theory of political obligation based on the Oakeshottean
notion of membership in the ‘civil association’. This is a mode of relationship that members of
nation-States entertain with each other, sharing not a common purpose, but only subscribing to the
same general rules of conduct, sanctioned by the legal system. Obeying the law is the minimal, but
necessary and sufficient condition for political obligation to hold.
The so-called practice of civility, in which membership in the civil association is grounded,
connects with each other the members of the polity both synchronically and diachronically.
Therefore, it is the source of an internal good, the bond of community that citizens establish
reciprocally and across the generations, and it is a carrier of HV. Moreover, the good of ‘civility’
can also be understood in functionalist terms, as it represents the conditio sine qua non for the
realization of all other essential goods of societal life, be they primary (peace, security, etc.) or
secondary (the development of arts, science, a market system, etc.). I conclude that, since the
practice of civility generates HV and the internal good of civility, and it links together the
generations of the living, the generations of the dead, and those of the unborn, citizens do have a
moral duty to conserve it and transmit it. Consequently, they do have a political obligation, that is
to say, the duty to obey the law.
In chapter 6, I also show how the theory of political obligation developed in this thesis matches
the requirements discussed in the first chapter.
Eventually, I add an Appendix in which I analyse the problem of a ‘conservative’ civil
disobedience, by adopting a slightly modified version of the Rawlsian framework. I argue that civil
disobedience should have the following characteristics: it has to be directed against the government
and its agencies, not against private subjects; it has to be public; it has to be nonviolent; its aim has
to be the reinstatement of the transcendental conditions of the civil association, which the targeted
law or policy have allegedly damaged; it may be either direct or indirect; its purpose should be
either the repeal of the contested law or policy, or the obtainment of exemptions for the exercise of
legal conscientious objection; civil disobedients ought to be prompt to accept punishment.LUISS PhD Thesi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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