1,721,019 research outputs found
Economic growth and the social cost of carbon: additive versus multiplicative damages
Get PDFIn a calibrated integrated assessment model of Ramsey growth and climate change in the global economy we investigate the differential impact of additive and multiplicative global warming damages for both a socially optimal and business-as-usual scenario. Fossil fuel is available at a cost which rises as reserves diminish and a carbon-free backstop is supplied at decreasing cost. If damages are not proportional to aggregate production and the economy is along a development path, the optimal carbon tax is smaller. The economy switches later from fossil fuel to the carbon-free backstop and leaves less fossil fuel in situ. By adjusting climate policy in this way there is very little difference on the paths for global consumption, output and capital, and thus very little difference for social welfare despite the higher temperatures. For all specifications the optimal carbon tax is not a fixed proportion of world GDP but must follow a hump shape
The axiomatic approach to the ranking of infinite streams
No full textThe history of the axiomatic approach to the ranking of infinite streams starts with Koopmans' (1960) characterization of the discounted utilitarian rule. This rule, however, meets Chichilnisky's axiom of dictatorship of the present and puts future generations offside. Recently, Lauwers (2010a) and Zame (2007) have uncovered the impossibility to combine in a constructible way the requirements of equal treatment, sensitivity, and completeness.
This contribution presents and discusses different axioms proposed to guide the ranking of infinite streams and the criteria they imply. The literature covered in this overview definitely points towards a set of meaningful alternatives to discounted utilitarianism.status: Accepte
Positional goods, climate change and the social return to investment
No full textClimate change affects countries differently, and within regions the impact varies across groups. The time dimension introduces other distributional elements: the costs of global warming are borne (mainly) by future generations while the investment in mitigation may impose costs on the current generation.</p
Wirtschaftswachstum und die funktionale und persönliche Verteilung von Einkommen - Überblick und neue Erkenntnisse
No full textDieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über wissenschaftlich untersuchte den Zusammenhänge zwischen funktionaler und persönlicher (Lohn)Einkommensverteilung, der aggregierten Nachfrage und dem Wirtschaftswachstum. Zudem werden die Ergebnisse einer ökonometrischen Schätzung dieses Zusammenhanges für die USA für die Jahre 1967 - 2010 präsentiert. Aus den theoretischen Überlegungen und empirischen Untersuchungen zeigt sich, dass eine ungleichere Verteilung von Lohneinkommen zu geringerem Wirtschaftswachstum führt und dass bei einer gleicheren Verteilung von Lohneinkommen die Umverteilung hin zu Löhnen generell wachstumsfördernd ist. (author's abstract)Series: Ecological Economic Paper
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A sectoral net lending perspective on Europe
No full textThe paper investigates net lending and net borrowing flows of the institutional sectors in Europe since the introduction of the Euro in 1999. Applying a simple statistical apparatus, this paper is novel in describing the sectoral behavior leading up to and during the crisis.
We find that (1) many countries of the Northern group were characterized by low public deficits or even budget surpluses, current account surpluses and a private sector in a net lending position. In countries of the Southern periphery, in the Anglo-Saxon countries as well as in many Eastern European Economies private sector net borrowing coincided with a budget deficit and substantial current account deficits. (2) With the onset of the crisis
private net lending soared in all countries while all governments incurred deficits, consistent with the notion of a balance sheet recession. (3) Private net lending is pro-cyclical, reinforcing the economic downturn, while public net lending is countercyclical in all countries. (4) Household net lending tends to lead the business cycle, while corporate net lending tends to lag it especially in the Northern group. (5) Prominent concepts asserting causal relationships in sectoral net lending, such as Ricardian equivalence and the twin deficit hypothesis are not supported by the data. (authors' abstract)Series: Ecological Economic Paper
Cycles of Demand and Distribution and Monetary Policy in the US Economy
Get PDFThe role of monetary policy on the cyclical behavior of the labor share and capacity utilization in the US economy is studied empirically. Previous estimation results remain robust; the inclusion of the rate of interest does not
alter the underlying specification of the distributive demand regime. Next, the role of monetary policy on net borrowing flows for four institutional sectors are
analyzed. Interest rate effects appear most important for households. Based on this finding, implications for countercyclical stabilization policy are spelled out. (author's abstract
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