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    PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM KREDITUR DALAM PERJANJIAN KREDIT DENGAN JAMINAN SURAT KUASA MEMBEBANKAN HAK TANGGUNGAN (SKMHT) YANG BELUM DI DAFTARKAN BERDASARKAN PMA/KBPN NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2017 Pada PT. BPR HARTA MANDIRI Kota Pekanbaru.

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    Perlindungan Hukum Kreditur dalam Perjanjian Kredit dengan Jaminan Surat Kuasa Membebankan Hak Tanggungan yang Belum di Daftarkan Berdasarkan PMA/KBPN Nomor 22 Tahun 2017 Pada PT. BPR Harta Mandiri Pekanbaru Menghadapi perkembangan perekonomian nasional yang senantiasa bergerak cepat, kompetitif dan terintegrasi dengan tantangan yang yang semakin kompleks serta sistem keuangan yang semakin maju, diperlukan penyesuaian kebijkan di bidang ekonomi, termasuk perbankan. Pemulihan ekonomi tidak terlepas dari bisnis perbankan, khususnya penyaluran kredit, mempunyai resiko yang sangat tinggi. Oleh karena itu jaminan sangatlah penting dalam penyaluran kredit, dalam praktek, bank sebagai kreditur memberikan fasilitas kredit kepada debitur selain menggunakan perjanjian tambahan selalu diikuti dengan membuat Surat Kuasa Membebakan Hak Tanggungan (SKMHT). SKMHT dibuat guna menjadi wadah/dasar untuk membuat Akta Pembebanan Hak Tanggungan (APHT). Namun SKMHT terdapat jangka waktu sehingga baik kreditur maupun Notaris/PPAT harus sungguh-sungguh memperhatikan masa berlakunya, karena SKMHT yang habis masa berlakunya berpengaruh pada tidak dapat didaftarkannya APHT sehingga bank tidak dapat mengeksekusi obyek jaminan debitur wanprestasi. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi kreditur dalam perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan SKMHT yang tidak dapat di daftarkan hak tanggungannya, serta bagaimana upaya perlindungan hukum kreditur dalam perjanjian kredit dengan jaminan SKMHT berdasarkan PMA/KBP Nomor 22 Tahun 2017. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis-empiris dan bersifat deskriptif analisis, untuk kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Bank dalam pengikatan kredit hanya sebatas membuat SKMHT sebagai jembatan untuk dibuatkan APHT. Ketika SKMHT tidak dapat ditingkatkan menjadi APHT maka akibatnya bank tidak bisa mengeksekusi obyek jaminan dalam perjanjian kredit. Faktor yang mempengaruhi tidak dapat ditingkatkannya SKMHT menjadi APHT karena bank memberikan kredit atas kredit tertentu sesuai dengan PMA/KBPN Nomor 22 Tahun 2017, proses pendaftaran hak tanggungan yang terlalu lama, Notaris/PPAT yang lalai mengingat habisnya jangka waktu SKMHT. Sehingga perlingdungan hukum yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan mengajukan gugatan keperdataan pada Pengadilan Negeri setempat dengan bukti adanya pengikatan perjanjian kredit antara bank dan nasabah debitur sehingga atas obyek yang dijadikan jaminan dapat di eksekusi. Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Perjanjian Kredit, SKMHT, Hak Tanggungan yang belum terdaftar, PMA/KBPN Nomor 22 Tahun 2017. ABSTRACT Legal Protection For Creditor in Credit Agreement With Collateral of Unregistered Power of Attorney Charges Mortgage Rights by PMA / KBPN Number 22 Year 2017 At PT. BPR Harta Mandiri Pekanbaru Ecounter rapidly growing, competitive and integrated national economic development with increasingly complex challenges and an increasingly advanced financial system, policy adjustments in the economic field, including banking are required. Economic recovery is inseparable from the banking business, especially credit distribution, has a very high risk. Therefore, collateral is very important in the distribution of credit. In practice, the bank as a creditor provide credit facilities to the debtor, in addition to use additional agreements is always followed by making a Power of Attorney Charges Mortgage Rights (SKMHT). SKMHT was made in order to become a bridge to make Deed of Mortgage Rights (APHT). However, SKMHT has a term. So that, both the creditor and the notary / PPAT must pay serious attention to the validity period, because the expired SKMHT has an effect on the APHT can not be registered. So that, the bank can not execute the debtor's default guarantee object. The problems in this study are the factors which affect creditors in credit agreements with SKMHT guarantees that can not register their rights, and how to protect creditor law in credit agreement with SKMHT guarantee based on PMA / KBP Number 22 of 2017. Research method which used is juridical-empirical and descriptive analysis, and then analyzed qualitatively. Banks in credit binding only limited SKMHT as a bridge to make APHT. When SKMHT can not be increased to APHT, then the bank can not execute the guarantee object in the credit agreement. The factors that influence SKMHT can not be upgraded to APHT because the bank gives credit on certain credit based on the PMA / KBPN Number 22 of 2017, the process of registration of the mortgage is too long, negligent Notary / PPAT considering the expiry of SKMHT period. So that the legal protection that can be done is by filing a civil suit at the local District Court with evidence of the binding of credit agreement between the bank and the debtor. So that, the object of the collateral can be executed. Keywords: Legal Protection, Credit Agreement, SKMHT, Unregistered Mortgage Rights, PMA / KBPN Number 22 Year 2017

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Akibat Hukum Wanprestasi Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Tanah Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Konsumen Selaku Pihak Ketiga

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    This article examines the legal consequences of default (wanprestasi) in land sale and purchase agreements and its implications for consumers as third parties. Using a normative and case-based approach, this study analyzes judicial decisions from the District Court of Depok (No. 55/Pdt.G/2022/PN Dpk), the Bandung High Court (No. 204/PDT/2023/PT BDG), and the Supreme Court (No. 2134 K/Pdt/2024). The case demonstrates the complexity of legal relations between the landowner, initial buyer, and end-consumers (such as housing unit buyers), who are affected by the annulment of sale agreements. The analysis reveals that the initial buyer’s default, including failure to pay and use of empty checks, led the courts to invalidate the agreement and return the land title to the seller. Third parties such as notaries, the National Land Agency, and consumers are placed in legally vulnerable positions. The study emphasizes the necessity of preventive legal safeguards, including due diligence, explicit contractual clauses, and clear third-party liability management in land sale chains

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

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