11 research outputs found
A legal study of the effectiveness of Poisons Act 1952 in regulating possessions of 'Ketum' offence / Mohd Hafizi Hanapi
No full textPossession of 'Ketum' is no strangers and this offence is increasing year by year. Criminals prefer to use 'Ketum' from dangerous drugs because 'Ketum' is easy to find and the price is cheaper than other dangerous drugs. Furthermore, the sentences of possession of 'Ketum' is lower than sentences to other dangerous drugs because 'Ketum' is considered as poison and listed under Poisons Act 1952; not under Dangerous Drugs Act 1952. Heroin is one of the example under dangerous drugs which have same effect with 'Ketum' but it is listed under Dangerous Drugs Act 1952. Hence, the offender will may repeat committing the crime because the sentence is lower and inadequate to give lessons to the offender. This research to analyses about the adequacy of Poisons Act 1952 in regulating possession of 'Ketum' and other relevant statutes that can be used to regulate possession of 'Ketum' comparing with other countries such as Thailand. End of this chapter, the author will show that, Poisons Act 1952 is inadequate in regulating possession of 'Ketum' offences
STUDI PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI DI DAERAH RAWAN ABRASI BENGKULU UTARA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV)
No full textProvinsi Bengkulu adalah salah satu provinsi yang rentan terhadap fenomena perubahan garis pantai yang disebabkan akibat peristiwa abrasi (pengikisan badan pantai). Perubahan garis pantai ialah berpindahnya atau bergesernya letak garis pantai dari kedudukan semula. Perkembangan teknologi dalam bidang geospasial dan pengindraan jarak jauh dapat memudahkan dalam pekerjaan geospasial seperti halnya dalam penentuan garis pantai, dengan menggunakan UAV proses pengukuran dan pengolahan garis pantai dapat dilakukan dengan cepat dan dengan hasil yang akurat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di lima lokasi rawan abrasi Bengkulu Utara untuk mengetahui perubahan garis pantai dan besar kecepatan perubahan garis pantai menggunakan metode UAV. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan data peta Bengkulu Utara tahun 1992, 2000 dan 2011 sebagai data pendukung. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan tumpang susun (overlay) antara peta hasil foto UAV tahun 2018 dengan peta garis pantai tahun 1992, 2000 dan 2011 sehingga didapatkan data perubahan garis pantai. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan nilai kecepatan perubahan garis pantai per tahun yang terjadi di Bengkulu Utara berdasarkan tiga data sekunder dan satu data primer yang ada. Nilai rata-rata kecepatan perubahan garis pantai di lima lokasi rawan abrasi pantai Bengkulu Utara dimasing-masing lokasi penelitian ialah: Padang Betuah yaitu 19,4 m/th, Lais yaitu 19,9 m/th, Serangai yaitu 19,5 m/th, Ketahun yaitu 15,9 m/th dan Pelabuhan PT. Firman yaitu 15,7 m/th. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukan adanya perbedaan kecepatan perubahan garis pantai di masing-masing lokasi, hal ini dimungkinkan karena adanya penyebab atau faktor lokal seperti perbedaan struktur batuan penyusun pantai, kekuatan gelombang laut dan arus laut pada masing-masing lokasi.
Kata kunci : Abrasi, Bengkulu Utara, UAV, Garis Pantai, Overlay
Synthesis and characterization of sulfur-functionalized silica nanocapsules as mercury adsorbents
No full textSulfur functionalized silica nanocapsules (S-SiNC) was successfully synthesized and characterized as a potential adsorbent for industrial applications. The synthesis of S-SiNC was carried out using the mircoemulsion templating method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant, toluene as co-solvent, ammonia solution as catalyst, and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica base. The S-SiNC adsorbent was characterized using Transmission Electron Microscope, Fourier Transformed Infra Red spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis. The physical and chemical properties of the SiNC changed as a result of the functionalization, hence affecting the extent of Hg(II) adsorption. The S-SiNCs were also tested in mercury ion [Hg(II)] adsorption via batch adsorption process with variation in initial Hg (II) concentration. It was found that there is a significant improvement in Hg(II) adsorption performance after being functionalized with elemental sulfur. The highest Hg(II) adsorption capacity was obtained for S-SiNC (107.875 mg/g), which significantly outperformed the blank SiNC. The experimental data obtained was found to be fitting well to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2= 0.979) compared to Freundlich isotherm model. Thus, the results demonstrated the potential application of sulfur functionalized silica nanocapsules as adsorbent in industrial applications
A Review on Environmental Characteristic that Influence Children Physical Activities in Low Cost Housing
No full textAbstractChildren living in high-density low-cost housings are less likely to spend time outdoors. Issues regarding low physical environment quality, which are common among low-cost housings, may limit or hinder children's outdoor physical activities. The objective of this paper is to review the impact of physical environment of low-cost housing, upon children's physical activities. To address the objective, published articles related to the subject matters are reviewed. Findings revealed that four distinguished physical characteristics namely, poor safety, crowding, inadequate facilities and poor neighborhood relationship, were found to be the major contributors in less physical activities among children
ESTIMASI PERUBAHAN GARIS PANTAI DAERAH PESISIR KABUPATEN BENGKULU UTARA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV): (Estimating Shoreline Changes at Coastal Region of North Bengkulu Regency using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV))
No full textPesisir Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara merupakan daerah yang rentan terhadap perubahan garis pantai yang disebabkan fenomena abrasi pantai. Abrasi pantai yang terjadi merusak infrastruktur, permukiman warga dan daerah agrobisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi kecepatan perubahan garis pantai di daerah Kabupaten Bengkulu Utara menggunakan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Pengambilan data UAV menggunakan drone DJI Mavic 2 Pro pada bulan Oktober 2018 pada lima lokasi daerah penelitian yakni daerah pantai Padang Betuah, Lais, Serangai, Ketahun dan Pelabuhan PT. Firman. Pengolahan data menggunakan software Agisoft PhotoScan untuk mendapatkan Orthophoto. Sebagai referensi data garis pantai sebelumnya digunakan peta Rupabumi dari Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) tahun 1992, 2000 dan 2011 sebagai data sekunder. Metode tumpang susun digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi perubahan pantai dengan foto UAV tahun 2018 dan data tahun 1992, 2000 dan 2011. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata kecepatan perubahan garis pantai yang telah terjadi di lima lokasi penelitian berdasarkan data UAV tahun 2018 dengan data sekunder 1992, 2000 dan 2011 adalah: Padang Betuah sebesar 19,4 m/th, Lais sebesar 19,9 m/th, Serangai sebesar 19,5 m/th, Ketahun sebesar 15,9 m/th dan Pelabuhan PT. Firman sebesar 15,7 m/th. Secara umum nilai rata-rata kecepatan perubahan garis pantai mencapai 18,1 m/th, sesuai dengan hasil pengamatan di lapangan. Perbedaan kecepatan perubahan garis pantai untuk masing-masing lokasi penelitian disebabkan oleh perbedaan morfologi/kemiringan, struktur batuan penyusun pantai, kekuatan gelombang laut dan arus sejajar pantai pada masing-masing lokasi, sehingga diperlukan kajian lanjutan berbagai disiplin ilmu untuk memahami karakteristik perubahan garis pantai di Bengkulu Utara secara komprehensif baik spasial maupun temporal
Packet-based Polling Scheme for Video Transmission in IEEE 802.11e WLANs
No full textAbstractIEEE 802.11e standard introduces HCF Controlled Channel Access (HCCA) to support quality of service (QoS) for multimedia traffics. In HCCA, the traffics scheduled according to their mean characteristics which favors the Constant Bit Rate (CBR) trans- mission approach. However, it does not efficiently cope with the fluctuation of the Variable Bit Rate (VBR) video streams where the traffic shows deviation from its mean during the traffic lifetime. In this paper, we propose a packet based polling mechanism to enhance the scheduling of pre-recorded VBR video streams in HCCA function. Our approach exploits feedback information about the arrival time of the subsequent video frame obtained through cross-layering approach to accurately schedule the uplink traffics. Simulation experiments reveal the efficiency of the proposed mechanism in providing less delay and high throughput while maintaining medium channel
The Effectiveness of Marriage Policies Following the Enactment of Law No. 16 of 2019 in Reducing the Number of Underage Marriages in Central Aceh Regency
No full textThis research examines the implications of the changes to Law Number 1 of 1974 into Law Number 16 of 2019, in which the minimum marriage age for both men and women has been raised and standardized to 19 years. The main goal of this regulatory change is to reduce the number of underage marriages and to strengthen legal protections for women. However, data collected from the Central Aceh Sharia Court shows a sharp increase in requests for marriage dispensation, from only 8 cases prior to the law revision, to 119 in 2021, 137 in 2022, and 94 cases throughout 2023. This phenomenon raises questions for the author regarding the effectiveness of the implementation of Law Number 16 of 2019 in reducing cases of child marriage in the jurisdiction of the Central Aceh Sharia Court, the strategic role of judges in child protection through the marriage dispensation mechanism, and the basis for judges' considerations when granting these requests. This study uses qualitative methods with an empirical legal approach, analyzing legislative provisions, specifically Law Number 16 of 2019 concerning marriage. Data collection was carried out through documentation techniques, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The findings indicate that the revision of the marriage law has not significantly impacted the reduction of underage marriages in the region. This is attributed to two main factors influencing judges when granting dispensations: pregnancy outside of marriage and parental concerns that their children may be led into acts prohibited by religious values. Moreover, several requests for dispensation were supported by seemingly contrived reasons to strengthen the applications, allowing the dispensation mechanism to remain a loophole that enables child marriage practices to continue
Recent trends and future directions of congestion management strategies for routing in IoT-based wireless sensor network: a thematic review
No full textThe rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has paved the way for the development of smart systems, with Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) serving as the underlying infrastructure. While it exists in a miniature form, IoT-based WSN today stands as the revolution of the future, promising tremendous influence on society. However, the limited resources of these networks pose various challenges, particularly in routing, with congestion being a significant issue that affects their efficiency. Although previous studies are available on congestion management in WSNs, research specifically focused on IoT-based WSNs and addressing the root causes of congestion is none. In order to address this gap, this article conducts a thematic review of the current literature to identify congestion management strategies and forecast future trends. The search identified 86 studies, among which 47 articles were analyzed. The six final themes were discovered: artificial intelligence approach, customized classical method, hybrid approach, cross-layering approach, SDN-based approach, and RPL routing advancement. The findings establish a comprehensive taxonomy model as a conceptual framework for future research in congestion management strategies for IoT-based WSNs routing. This taxonomy aids academic researchers as well as industrial practitioners and highlights crucial areas for future research on congestion issues from the perspective of Industry 4.0. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
The Quantum Kerr Nonlinear Coupler: The Analytical Versus Phase-Space Method
No full textThe generation of squeezed states of light in a two-mode Kerr nonlinear directional coupler (NLDC) was investigated using two different methods in quantum mechanics. First, the analytical method, a Heisenberg-picture-based method where the operators are evolving in time but the state vectors are time-independent. In this method, an analytical solution to the coupled Heisenberg equations of motion for the propagating modes was proposed based on Baker–Hausdorff (BH) formula. Second, the phase space method, a Schrdinger-picture based method in which the operators are constant and the density matrix evolves in time. In this method, the quantum mechanical master equation of the density matrix was converted to a corresponding classical Fokker-Planck (FP) equation in positive-P representation. Then, the FP equation was converted to a set of stochastic differential equations using Ito rules. The strength and weaknesses of each method are discussed. A good agreement between both methods was achieved, especially at early evolution stages and lower values of linear coupling coefficient. On one side, the analytical method seems insensitive to higher values of nonlinear coupling coefficients. Nevertheless, it demonstrated better numerical stability. On the other side, the solution of the stochastic equations resulting from the phase space method is numerically expensive as it requires averaging over thousands of trajectories. Besides, numerically unstable trajectories appear with positive-P representation at higher values of nonlinearity.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
Harvesting solutions: discover the evolution of agriculture wastewater treatment through comprehensive bibliometric analysis using Scopus database 1971-2023
No full textThis bibliometric study examines scholarly research on agricultural wastewater treatment using Scopus data from 1971 to 2023 by exploring publication trends, leading countries, prolific authors, and keyword co-occurrences. This study was conducted using VOSviewer software (version 1.6.17) which enables advanced bibliometric analysis and visualization, exploring the publication networks and patterns. By using various procedures to collect and refine data, 1908 research articles were retrieved. The findings indicate a steady growth in research on wastewater treatment since the 1970 s, with a significant surge in publications in recent decades. Research on wastewater treatment for agriculture has significantly increased, particularly focusing on technologies, reuse in agriculture, and environmental impacts. However, several research gaps to be addressed, including specific focus areas within agriculture wastewater treatment, underrepresented regions in the literature, interdisciplinary approaches, long-term environmental impacts, and policy effectiveness and implementation. The analysis also highlights influential authors, institutions, and countries driving research in this field, along with the most cited publications and journals. Additionally, the study identifies research gaps and suggests future research directions in wastewater treatment. Overall, this bibliometric analysis provides valuable insights into the landscape of wastewater treatment research, its evolution over the past five decades, and its economic and policy implications. © 2024 The Author
