49 research outputs found
Pierrick Sorin. Comedy in Video Art
No full textThe article reveals the genre-stylistic specificity of artworks of the French video artist Pierrick Sorin, created between the 1980s and the 2020s. It studies the methods and techniques characteristic of P. Sorin’s work, particular attention being paid to his use of comic techniques. The novelty of the research lies in the consideration of P. Sorin’s creative work as an integral artistic system in its development. The relevance of the present study is determined by the need to expand ideas about the principles of shaping and the features of drama in the genres of contemporary art.
The article shows that P. Sorin developed the techniques and methods of video art in an original and spectacular way. Out of the creative methods used by the artist, the author of the article focuses on the following ones: the attraction of expressive means of other arts (cinema, circus, music hall, variety theatre, etc.) and the combination of modern technical and technological solutions with the style of comedy films, buffoonery, and clowning, which is manifested in the plots, expressive means, the specifics of the characters. The classification of P. Sorin’s works proposed by the author includes video art, optical theatres (miniature installations), stage performances and scenographic works.
The author comes to the following conclusions: the plot structure of P. Sorin’s works, depending on the genre, includes miniature scenes-sketches, parody films that repeat scenario designs of the originals, and series of sketches combined in a holistic performance by means of recapitulation. In his scenographic works, P. Sorin creates a comic discourse, a play with the viewer based on technical attractions. The comic techniques characteristic of P. Sorin’s work are: comic absurdity, illogical or impossible combination of elements, the method of inconsistency, the method of unexpected, repetition, and the use of taboo topics
Intérêt du rayonnement synchrotron dans la thérapie des tumeurs cérébrales : méthodologie et applications précliniques
No full textMicrobeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) and Stereotactic Synchrotron Radiation Therapy (SSRT) are innovative techniques currently developed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. These techniques led to promising, but rarely reproduced, results. The use of different tumoral models for each techniques limit comparisons.MRT experiments on rats bearing 9L tumors 14 days after implantation displayed a double median survival time (from 20 to 40 days) with a 200 µm spacing irradiation, while a 100 µm spacing irradiation tripled this median (67 days) but damaged normal tissue. The impact of the device dividing synchrotron beam into microbeams, named multislit collimator, was also demonstrated. Combination of drugs with MRT irradiation was tested. Promising results (median survival time: 40 days and 30 % of long term survivors) were obtained with an intratumoral injection of gadolinium coupled with a crossfiring MRT irradiation at 460 Gy. Moreover, earlier MRT irradiation (tumor at D10) quadrupled the median survival time (79 days) with 30% of long term survivors. A new imaging device to target the tumor before irradiation and an adapted collimator will increased the MRT results. As the differences existing between tumoral models used in MRT (9L models) and in SSRT (F98 models) are major, MRT/SSRT comparative experiments were realized on these two models. Results showed that the 2 techniques have the same efficacy on F98 model and that the MRT is more effective on 9L model. This can help to define adapted tumor type for these techniques.La Thérapie par MicroFaisceaux (MRT) et la Thérapie Stéréotaxique par Rayonnement Synchrotron (SSRT) sont des techniques innovantes de radiothérapie expérimentale développées actuellement à l'ESRF. L'utilisation de modèles tumoraux différents pour chaque technique limite leur comparaison. En MRT, sur rats porteurs de tumeur 9L, la médiane de survie des rats contrôle est doublée (de 20 jours à 40 jours) lors d'irradiation avec un espacement de 200 µm entre les microfaisceaux voire triplée (67 jours) à 100 µm d'espacement (mais provoquant alors d'importantes lésions du tissu sain). L'influence importante du collimateur multifentes, a également été démontrée. La combinaison de diverses drogues avec la technique de MRT a été testée. Des résultats prometteurs (médiane de survie de 40 jours et 30% de survivants à long terme) sont obtenus en injectant du gadolinium en intracérébral avant une irradiation MRT en faisceaux croisés à 460 Gy. De plus, l'irradiation MRT de tumeurs à stade plus précoce permet de quadrupler la médiane de survie (79 jours) et d'obtenir 30% de survivants à long terme. La mise en place d'un ciblage de la tumeur par imagerie avant l'irradiation et l'utilisation d'un collimateur adapté permettront d'améliorer encore ces résultats. Les différences entre les deux modèles tumoraux utilisés en MRT (modèle 9L) et en SSRT (modèle F98) étant importantes des expériences comparatives MRT/SSRT ont été réalisées sur ces deux modèles. Les résultats obtenus montrent une efficacité proche des 2 techniques sur le modèle F98 et une meilleure efficacité de la MRT sur le modèle 9L. Ces résultats pourront permettre d'orienter le type tumoral adapté à chaque technique
Le Katajjaq inuit au-delà de la patrimonialisation, Enquêter dans un terrain ouvert et vivant, être attentif aux fragilités
No full textInternational audienceIn this article, Pierrick Lefranc explores katajjaq, an Inuit vocal practice alternately perceived as "throat singing," a game, or a shamanic practice, and examines its modes of heritage-making and contemporary uses. The author traces the evolution of ethnomusicological studies dedicated to katajjaq, highlighting its political, epistemic, and aesthetic issues, as well as the tensions between heritage-making and (re)appropriation, in a context of epistemic justice and recognition of Inuit culture. The article highlights the limitations of traditional approaches, which tend to confine this practice within pre-existing categories such as music or playful activity. The author advocates for a living and collaborative investigative method, where katajjaq is studied through "specific usages" and its capacity to build bridges between cultural, social, and artistic worlds. Through concrete examples, such as its integration into contemporary music festivals, the article revisits the relationship between so-called traditional and contemporary practices while exploring the dynamics of cultural appropriation and reappropriation. The author emphasizes the importance of moving beyond logics of domination, identity recognition, and classification to uncover the transformative potential of this practice. In conclusion, the article proposes using katajjaq as a lever to rethink the interactions between research and creation, tradition and innovation, within a perspective of decolonizing knowledge. It invites us to celebrate the transformative power of cultural practices, both aesthetically and socially, and explores how research-creation can fully reveal their potential.Dans cet article, Pierrick Lefranc explore le katajjaq, une pratique vocale inuit perçue tour à tour comme un « chant de gorge », un jeu ou une pratique chamanique, et examine ses modes de patrimonialisation ainsi que ses usages contemporains. L'auteur retrace l'évolution des études ethnomusicologiques consacrées au katajjaq, en mettant en lumière ses enjeux politiques, épistémiques et esthétiques, ainsi que les tensions entre patrimonialisation et (ré)appropriation, dans un contexte de quête de justice épistémique et de reconnaissance de la culture inuit. L'article met en évidence les limites des approches usuelles, qui tendent à figer cette pratique dans des catégories préexistantes telles que la musique ou l’activité ludique. L'auteur appelle à une méthode d'enquête vivante et collaborative, où le katajjaq est étudié dans des "usages particuliers" et dans sa capacité à créer des ponts entre mondes culturels, sociaux et artistiques. À travers des cas concrets, comme son intégration dans des festivals de musique contemporaine, l'article revisite la relation entre pratiques dites traditionnelles et dites contemporaines, tout en explorant les dynamiques d’appropriation et de réappropriation culturelle. L'auteur souligne l’importance de dépasser les logiques de domination, de reconnaissance identitaire et de classification pour révéler les potentialités transformatives de cette pratique. En conclusion, l'article propose de faire du katajjaq un levier pour repenser les interactions entre recherche et création, tradition et innovation dans une perspective de décolonisation des savoirs. Il invite à célébrer le pouvoir de transformation des pratiques culturelles tant sur le plan esthétique que social et tentent de mieux comprendre comment la recherche-création peut permettre de mieux révéler leur potentialité
Thérapie par micro-faisceaux appliquée à la pathologie tumorale cérébrale chez le rat
No full textLYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Intérêt du rayonnement synchrotron dans la thérapie des tumeurs cérébrales (méthodologie et applications précliniques )
No full textLa Thérapie par MicroFaisceaux (MRT) et la Thérapie Stéréotaxique par Rayonnement Synchrotron (SSRT) sont des techniques innovantes de radiothérapie expérimentale développées actuellement à l'ESRF. L'utilisation de modèles tumoraux différents pour chaque technique limite leur comparaison. En MRT, sur rats porteurs de tumeur 9L, la médiane de survie des rats contrôle est doublée (de 20 jours à 40 jours) lors d'irradiation avec un espacement de 200 JLm entre les microfaisceaux voire triplée (67 jours) à 100 JLm d'espacement (mais provoquant alors d'importantes lésions du tissu sain). L'influence importante du collimateur multifentes, a également été démontrée. La combinaison de diverses drogues avec la technique de MRT a été testée. Des résultats prometteurs (médiane de survie de 40 jours et 30% de survivants à long terme) sont obtenus en injectant du gadolinium en intracérébral avant une irradiation MRT en faisceaux croisés à 460 Gy. De plus, l'irradiation MRT de tumeurs à stade plus précoce permet de quadruplé la médiane de survie (79 jours) et d'obtenir 30% de survivants à long terme. La mise en place d'un ciblage de la tumeur par imagerie avant l'irradiation et l'utilisation d'un collimateur adapté permettront d'améliorer encore ces résultats. Les différences entre les deux modèles tumoraux utilisés en MRT (modèle 9L) et en SSRT (modèle F98) étant importantes des expériences comparatives MRT/SSRT ont été réalisées sur ces deux modèles. Les résultats obtenus montrent une efficacité proche des 2 techniques sur le modèle F98 et une meilleure efficacité de la MRT sur le modèle 9L. Ces résultats pourront permettre d'orienter le type tumoral adapté à chaque technique.Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) and Stereotactic Synchrotron Radiation Therapy (SSRT) are innovative techniques currently developed at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. These techniques led to promising, but rarely reproduced, results. The use of different tumoral models for each techniques limit comparisons. MRT experiments on rats bearing 9L tumors 14 days after implantation displayed a double median survival time (from 20 to 40 days) with a 200 JLm spacing irradiation, while a 100 JLm spacing irradiation tripled this median (67 days) but damaged normal tissue. The impact of the device dividing synchrotron beam into microbeams, named multislit collimator, was also demonstrated. Combination of drugs with MRT irradiation was tested. Promising results (median survival time: 40 days and 30 % oflong term survivors) were obtained with an intratumoral injection of gadolinium coupled with a crossfiring MRT irradiation at 460 Gy. Moreover, earlier MRT irradiation (tumor at DIO) quadrupled the median survival time (79 days) with 30% of long term survivors. A new imaging device to target the tumor before irradiation and an adapted collimator will increased the MRT results. As the differences existing between tumoral models used in MRT (9L models) and in SSRT (F98 models) are major, MRT/SSRT comparative experiments were realized on these two models. Results showed that the 2 techniques have the same efficacy on F98 model and that the MRT is more effective on 9L mode!. This can help to define adapted tumor type for these techniques.GRENOBLE1-BU Sciences (384212103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Microparticle Swarms - Faster Together: The Effect of Particle Concentration on Colloidal Transport in Fractured and Porous Media
No full textColloidal particle swarms can show settling velocities over a thousand times as fast as that of a single particle. The transport of colloidal particles is thus strongly affected by the formation and behaviour of these particle swarms, which could have important implications for the widespread use and prevalence of colloidal particles. Swarming effects may for example pose possibilities and limitations to the use of (colloidal) DNA tracers in various systems. Furthermore, contaminant transport in blue-green porous infrastructure may be greatly enhanced due to the rapid settling of swarms of colloidal contaminants, resulting in rapid spreading of contaminants into the environment. To better understand colloidal particle swarms in these systems, this thesis studied the effect of particle concentration on the behaviour of colloidal swarms in varying confining geometries. To this extent, colloidal particles were injected at various concentrations in a macro-model that was suspended in a stagnant water column. The macro-model consisted of three different artificial confining geometries: a smooth fracture, a rough fracture and a pore network. Released swarms were imaged to determine their velocity, width, travelled distance to bifurcation and particle leakage rates from the swarm. In the smooth and rough fracture, the settling velocity of colloidal particle swarms was modelled with the Hadamard & Rybczynski (HR) equation, using the particle leakage rate of the swarm. The average swarm velocity in the pore network was modelled with equations that described the Boycott effect. In both the smooth and rough fracture, the average velocity of the swarm showed a slight decreasing trend with increasing particle concentration. Presumably, this was caused by the linear relationship between particle concentration and width of the swarm. Consequently, wider swarms experienced lower velocities due to increased hydrodynamic drag forces imposed on the swarm. In the pore network, a strong linear relation was found between the average swarm velocity and the particle concentration. A larger mass of the swarm may have been the cause for this. The travelled distance before bifurcation took place did not show a clear relationship with particle concentration. However, in the performed experiments, swarms did bifurcate at a threshold width in both the smooth and rough fracture. This threshold width increased with concentration. The HR model did not fit the swarm velocity in the smooth fracture well, because confining forces of the fracture walls enhanced swarm velocity, which was not accounted for by the HR model. Yet, in the rough fracture the HR model did fit well to the observed swarm velocity since the increased drag forces of wall on the swarm counteracted the confining forces. The effect of particle concentration on the average swarm velocity in the pore network was sufficiently well modelled in terms of the Boycott effect. It was recommended that in future studies laminar flow is introduced to enable better interpretation of results for natural systems. In addition, a more simple pore network geometry provides a more gradual transition to the used complex pore network geometry. This would allow for clearer investigation of swarm behaviour in porous media. Also, more research on swarm behaviour after bifurcation may provide more insight in the longevity of swarm effects. To determine if colloidal particle swarms may occur in natural fractured media, results of this study should be compared to a field study. Both physical and chemical disturbances may severely hinder colloidal swarms. For both fractured and porous media, injection into a natural sample may provide more insight in behaviour in natural systems. It is however unlikely that swarming effects play a big role in urban colloidal contaminant transport in porous media.Civil Engineerin
Irradiation of intracerebral 9L gliosarcoma by a single array of microplanar x-ray beams from a synchrotron: balance between curing and sparing
No full textThe purpose of this work was the understanding of microbeam radiation therapy at the ESRF in order to find the best compromise between curing of tumors and sparing of normal tissues, to obtain a better understanding of survival curves and to report its efficiency. This method uses synchrotron-generated x-ray microbeams. Rats were implanted with 9L gliosarcomas and the tumors were diagnosed by MRI. They were irradiated 14 days after implantation by arrays of 25 microm wide microbeams in unidirectional mode, with a skin entrance dose of 625 Gy. The effect of using 200 or 100 microm center-to-center spacing between the microbeams was compared. The median survival time (post-implantation) was 40 and 67 days at 200 and 100 microm spacing, respectively. However, 72% of rats irradiated at 100 microm spacing showed abnormal clinical signs and weight patterns, whereas only 12% of rats were affected at 200 microm spacing. In parallel, histological lesions of the normal brain were found in the 100 microm series only. Although the increase in lifespan was equal to 273% and 102% for the 100 and 200 microm series, respectively, the 200 microm spacing protocol provides a better sparing of healthy tissue and may prove useful in combination with other radiation modalities or additional drugs
Traitement chirurgical d’une hernie inguinale étranglée chez un macaque cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) : cas clinique et discussion de la démarche diagnostique avec revue de la littérature
No full textImpact of the filling level on the global heat transfer coefficient of a plate cross section for sorption heat pumps
No full textReal Log Curves in Toric Varieties, Tropical Curves, and Log Welschinger Invariants
No full textWe give a tropical description of the counting of real log curves in toric
degenerations of toric varieties. We treat the case of genus zero curves and
all non-superabundant higher-genus situations. The proof relies on log
deformation theory and is a real version of the Nishinou-Siebert approach to
the tropical correspondence theorem for complex curves. In dimension two, we
use similar techniques to study the counting of real log curves with
Welschinger signs and we obtain a new proof of Mikhalkin's tropical
correspondence theorem for Welschinger invariants.Comment: v2: 65 pages, 15 figures. Revised version, published in Annales de
l'Institut Fourier. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:math/0409060 by
other author
