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Les fondements historiques de la domination économique américaine
No full textThe Historical Bases of American Economiec Leadership. G. Wright.
The economic pre-eminence of the USA is one of the dominant facts of twentieth century world history, often taken as so self-evident and inevitable as to require no explanation. This paper argues to the contrary, that American economic leadership was far from inevitable, and indeed poses a challenge to historical understanding. Geographic size and natural resources were not in themselves advantageous, but they became so through the rise of an indigenous national technological community or network, engaged in adapting European technologies to the American environment. This proposition is illustrated with accounts of the so-called "American system of manufactures", and of minerals as a knowledge industry. These two sectors laid the institutional foundations for the science-based industries ofthe twentieth century. American economic performance demonstrates the power of increasing returns to scale, as depicted in the models from the "new" or endogenous growth theory. But the effective economic scale of the US national economy was itself the cultural and institutional product of Amercian history.Wright Gavin, Reffait Christophe. Les fondements historiques de la domination économique américaine. In: Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales. 53ᵉ année, N. 3, 1998. pp. 539-567
Arts, sciences et industrie de l'Exposition universelle de 1855 aux Voyages Extraordinaires
No full textDivision du travail et restriction de champ: L’exemple des Cinq cents millions de la Bégum (1879) de Jules Verne
No full textInternational audienceIt seems possible considering that there is a tight relation between field-of-view restriction in the narrative and division of labour. Division of labour would be a concept to describe the situation of the novelist, to evaluate the status of descriptions in his works, and then the fictionnal effects of field-of-view restriction. We try to discuss such homology within the example of a novel by Jules Verne where the division of labour encounters fictionnal effects of field-of-view restriction.Il semble possible d’établir des homologies entre les notions de restriction de champ en narratologie et de division du travail en économie. C’est en effet en termes de division du travail que nous pouvons qualifier la situation de l’écrivain, par suite le rapport du récit à la description, enfin la question du point de vue. L’article interroge la possibilité de cette mise en relation dans un roman de Jules Verne où se rencontrent le thème de la division du travail et des jeux de focalisation
Filatures et poursuites dans le Paris d'Émile Gaboriau
No full textInternational audienceDans Monsieur Lecoq ou Le Dossier n°113 s’esquissent des relations entre romanesque et ville qui ne sont certes pas propres au roman de Gaboriau ni sans doute au genre policier. Mais elles montrent bien comment l’intrigue se déploie dans un espace urbain labyrinthique, combien aussi le romanesque de la filature ou de la poursuite nourrit une forme de réalisme oblique, enfin en quoi l’enquête policière déborde la seule exploration de l’espace
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Une bouche de plus à nourrir (Stendhal lecteur de Malthus)
No full textParmi les romanciers du xixe siècle, Stendhal est celui qui a approché au plus près la « science nouvelle » qu’était l’économie politique. Balzac demeurait fasciné par les manifestations polymorphes de l’argent, compris comme fluide social et expression, matérielle ou immatérielle, des passions et des intérêts qui meuvent et désordonnent la société, c’est-à-dire qu’il a surtout développé une symptomatique de la monnaie ; Stendhal s’est au contraire interrogé sur les principes de l’économie po..
La physiologie burlesque
No full textInternational audienceWe return here to the idea that Jules Verne introduced science into the novel, while others contributed physiology to it. On reading it, one discovers that the Verne novel is also an eminent site of physiology, albeit a burlesque physiology that resembles an attack against Zola’s experimental novel, and which is valuable both as an analysis of the passions, the irony of normality and social diagnosis, and as the definition of a poetics of the character and of dialogue.On revient ici sur l’idée selon laquelle Jules Verne aurait introduit la science dans le roman, tandis que d’autres y faisaient entrer la physiologie. À la lecture, on découvre que le roman vernien est aussi un lieu éminent de la physiologie, mais une physiologie burlesque qui ressemble à une charge contre le roman expérimental de Zola, et qui vaut à la fois comme analyse des passions, ironie de la normalité et diagnostic social, et comme définition d’une poétique du personnage ou du dialogue
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