130,517 research outputs found
European Local Climate Plans - EURO-LCPs: Local Climate Mitigation and Local Climate Adaptation Plans of European Urban Audit Cities
No full textThis database shows the availability of local climate mitigation plans, local climate adaptation plans, municipal energy plans, heat wave plans and flood risk plans of all 885 Urban Audit Core Cities of the 28 countries of the European Union. Additionally, it lists per Urban Audit Core City the membership in the largest climate networks [Old Covenant of Mayors Member (2020 goal); New Covenant of Mayors Member (2030 goal); Status (1-2-3); Mayors Adapt Commitment; Compact of Mayors Member (yes/no); Compact of Mayors Stage (Badge)].
Furthermore, based on a typology of plans developed in Reckien et al., 2018 and Reckien et al., 2019, the database categorizes the plans into types, and specifies whether adaptation and mitigation aspects are jointly addressed in one plan ('joint plan')
Kenya Household Survey - Climate Migration and Well-Being Among Ex-Pastoralists
No full textThis .csv file contains a unique sample conducted among ex-pastoralists in Marsabit Town, northern Kenya. In the survey, we wanted to analyse the effects of migration into town on levels of well-being. We analyse these effects by contrasting two distinct groups of former pastoralists, one group that engaged in migration upon leaving pastoralism, the ‘migrant group’, and one group that was already settled in Marsabit Town before they ceased their pastoral activities, the ‘settled group’. Our data collection was conducted in 2017 and involved administering surveys with 285 households that were formerly involved in pastoralism. Of these, 93 households were identified as migrant and 192 households were identified as settled. The 80-question survey covered a broad spectrum of topics related to livelihoods, migration, and well-being, including details about new occupations, the timing of livelihood change, previous household residences, birthplace of the household head, household composition, household assets, dwelling characteristics, and a range of well-being indicators.Climate Migration And Well-Being: A Study On East Africa’s PastoralistsDate Submitted: 2023-08-0
Second Assessment of Local Climate Plans in European Cities –State and progress of adaptation and mitigation planning across EU‐28 urban areas
No full textUrban areas are pivotal to global adaptation and mitigation efforts due to the amount of people, assets, and infrastructures (Rosenzweig et al. 2010, 2011; Hunt and Watkiss 2011) entailing concentrated risk and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. But how do cities actually perform in terms of climate change response? In this session we shed light on the state of urban climate change adaptation and mitigation planning across EU-28 countries and cities. Based on the First Assessment of Climate Change Planning in 11 countries across Europe (see Reckien et al., 2014; Heidrich et al., 2016) this session presents new evidence from the Second Assessment of Climate Change Planning conducted on a much larger sample of cities across the EU-28 taking Europe’s Urban Audit (UA) Cities. The UA Cities are large- and medium-sized cities of regional representativeness. We assess whether the UA cities in the EU-28 do have a mitigation and adaptation plan, and analyse the plans for content using a common protocol. With that we do rely on self-report measures such as questionnaires and interviewing of city representatives, which might incorporate bias, but on a scientific analysis supported by administration-external researchers that have worked and are familiar with the language and respective urban and climate policies. The analysis is based on a representative analysis of local climate planning across the EU-28 to accurately determine the climate change response of European cities.Ref:Rosenzweig C, Solecki W, Hammer SA, Mehrotra S (2010) Cities lead the way in climate-change action. Nature 467(7318):909–911 Rosenzweig C, Solecki W, Hammer SA, Mehrotra S (2011) Climate change and cities: first assessment report of the urban climate change research network. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Hunt A, Watkiss P (2011) Climate change impacts and adaptation in cities: a review of the literature. Clim Chang 104(1):13–49. doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9975-6 Heidrich, O., Reckien, D., Olazabal, M., Foley, A., Salvia, M., de Gregorio Hurtado, S., . . . Dawson, R. J. (2016). National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies. J Environ Manage, 168, 36-45. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.11.043 Reckien, D., Flacke, J., Dawson, R. J., Heidrich, O., Olazabal, M., Foley, A., . . . Pietrapertosa, F. (2014). Climate change response in Europe: what’s the reality? Analysis of adaptation and mitigation plans from 200 urban areas in 11 countries. Climatic Change, 122(1-2), 331-340. doi:10.1007/s10584-013-0989-
The influences by international and national climate change policies on city strategies to provide infrastructure systems
No full textGlobally, efforts are underway to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and to adapt to climate change impacts at the local level. However, there is a poor understanding of the relationship between urban plans on climate change and the relevant policies at national and European level (Reckien et al., 2014). We assess the influence climate change policies and supporting networks can have on the city strategy and quantify policy efforts across 200 European cities (Heidrich et al., 2016). In this presentation we demonstrate the influence that international and national climate change policies can have on local plans to introduce infrastructure systems. Specifically we address: 1. How are climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts incorporated into national policies and city strategies or plans, and 2. What are the influences of national climate change policies on local strategies to introduce infrastructure systems that help adaptation and mitigation efforts? We show that policies and guidelines from international as well as national levels can be effective in enhancing local capacity for adaptation and mitigation planning. However the mere existence of international or national climate policies is no guarantee for local plans and action. Thus we argue that urban climate change mitigation and adaptation implementation strategies require a context-oriented and systems-based approach and suggest that European, national and regional governments need to provide sufficient capacity and resources to enable cities to plan, respond and act to the challenges and opportunities that climate change will likely bring. References Heidrich, O., et al (2016) \u27National climate policies across Europe and their impacts on cities strategies\u27, Journal of Environmental Management, 168, pp. 36-45. Reckien D, et al (2014) ‘Climate change response in Europe: What\u27s the reality? Analysis of adaptation and mitigation plans from 200 urban areas in 11 countries’, Climatic Change Letters, 122 (1-2), pp. 331-340
Defining the bull's eye: satellite imagery-assisted slum population assessment in Hyderabad, India
No full textThis paper presents an approach to qualitative and spatial assessment of slum population numbers in Hyderabad, India using circle-based population data from the Census of India and results of the analysis of high resolution QuickBird satellite image data (2003) derived from automatic line detection and lacunarity algorithm. This approach provides plausible and spatially explicit aggregate statistics of slum population numbers within the city. This work suggests that both over- and underreporting of slum population numbers does occur in Hyderabad, and provides an improved view on the slum distribution patterns within this urban agglomeration
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
Full text linkInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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