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Identifikasi kandungan ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson) dan ikan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys sp) pada otak-otak: Identification of mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) and suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys sp) in otak-otak
No full textIkan tenggiri merupakan jenis ikan yang umumnya digunakan dalam pembuatan otak-otak. Autentikasi produk pangan berbahan dasar ikan sulit dilakukan jika dilihat dengan mata telanjang sehingga adanya pemalsuan atau mislabeling pada produk tersebut sangat mungkin terjadi. Daging ikan sapu-sapu juga dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku produk berbahan dasar ikan karena memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi. Namun sumber ikan sapu-sapu yang diambil dari Sungai Ciliwung berpotensi mengandung logam berat di antaranya Pb, Cd, Hg, Sn, dan As. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi kandungan ikan tenggiri dan ikan sapu-sapu pada produk otak-otak, dan identifikasi kandungan logam berat pada sampel otak-otak yang mengandung ikan sapu-sapu. Sampel otak-otak yang dianalisis sebanyak 19 dengan tiga sampel menuliskan keterangan ikan tenggiri pada kemasannya. Analisis DNA ikan sapu-sapu dan tenggiri pada otak-otak menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) yang menggunakan primer spesifik. Analisis logam berat menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 12 sampel teridentifikasi adanya pita berukuran 423 pb pada gel elektroforesis. Pita tersebut terkonfirmasi spesies ikan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys sp.). Pita berukuran 238 pb juga ditemukan pada 9 sampel yang sesuai dengan produk PCR menggunakan primer ikan tenggiri (Scomberomorus commerson). Total 12 sampel otak-otak teridentifikasi mengandung ikan sapu-sapu, 11 di antaranya mengandung logam Pb dengan konsentrasi <0,034 mg/kg dan 1 sampel mengandung logam Pb dengan konsentrasi 0,34 mg/kg. Adanya kandungan logam berat pada sampel otak-otak yang konsentrasinya melebihi ambang batas maksimum menjadikan otak-otak tersebut tidak halalan thayyiban untuk dikonsumsi.Mackerel fish is commonly used in the manufacturing of otak-otak. Authentication of fish-based food products by visual method is not possible so counterfeiting or mislabeling in these products is very likely to occur. Suckermouth catfish meat can also be used as a raw material for fish-based products because it contains high protein content. However, the source of suckermouth catfish taken from the Ciliwung River has the potential to contain heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Hg, Sn, and As. The purpose of this study was to analyze the content of mackerel and suckermouth catfish in otak-otak, and identify the presence of heavy metal content in otak-otak samples containing suckermouth catfish. Nineteen otak-otak samples analyzed with 3 samples wrote the description of mackerel on the packaging. DNA analysis of suckermouth catfish and mackerel in otak-otak using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods that use a specific primer. Analysis of heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Twelve of the nineteen samples identified a 423 bp band in the electrophoresis gel. The band was confirmed belonging to the suckermouth catfish species after analysis using sanger sequencing methods. Nine of the nineteen samples showed a 238 bp band that corresponded to mackerel. A total of 12 otak-otak samples were identified as containing suckermouth catfish, 11 of which contained Pb metal with a concentration of <0.034 mg/kg and 1 sample containing Pb metal with a concentration of 0.34 mg/kg. The presence of heavy metal content in the otak-otak samples whose concentration exceeds the maximum limit makes this otak-otak can’t halalan thayyiban for consumption
Identifikasi DNA Ikan Sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys sp.) Pada Siomai dengan DNA Barcoding
Full text linkAbstrakSiomai adalah salah satu jenis makanan yang menggunakan bahan baku utama ikan. Pada dasarnya pembuatan siomai dapat menggunakan berbagai jenis ikan, ikan sapu-sapu bisa jadi salah satunya. Ikan sapu-sapu merupakan salah satu jenis ikan yang banyak hidup di perairan Indonesia misalnya pada Sungai Ciliwung. Tercemarnya air Sungai Ciliwung dengan logam berat Hg, Pb, Cd, dan Ag sangat memungkinkan logam-logam berat tersebut terakumulasi pada ikan sapu-sapu. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi DNA ikan sapu-sapu pada sampel siomai dan menganalisis adanya kandungan logam berat pada sampel siomai yang mengandung ikan sapu-sapu. Sampel siomai yang dianalisis sebanyak 28 sampel. Sampel ini didapatkan dari 28 lokasi berbeda di sekitar stasiun kereta api Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Analisis DNA ikan sapu-sapu menggunakan primer spesifik dan analisis logam berat menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Sebanyak 9 dari 28 sampel memperlihatkan pita berukuran 496 pb pada gel elektroforesis. Pita tersebut terkonfirmasi spesies ikan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys pardalis dan Hypostomus plecostomus) setelah dianalisis menggunakan sequencing sanger. Sebanyak 9 sampel yang teridentifikasi mengandung ikan sapu-sapu juga mengandung logam berat Pb dengan rentang konsentrasi 0,06 mg/kg sampai 0,12 mg/kg dan logam berat Cd <0,007 mg/kg. Kandungan logam berat pada sampel siomai masih di bawah ambang batas aman sesuai ketentuan SNI dan BPOM.AbstractSiomai is a type of food that uses fish as the main ingredient. Siomai can be made by using various types of fish, suckermouth catfish can be one of them. Suckermouth catfish is a type of fish that lives a lot in Indonesian rivers, for example in the Ciliwung River. Pollution of Ciliwung River water with heavy metals Hg, Pb, Cd, and Ag makes it possible for these heavy metals to accumulate in the suckermouth catfish. The purpose of this study is to identify the suckermouth catfish DNA in the siomai sample and analyze the presence of heavy metals in the siomai sample containing suckermouth catfish. Siomai samples analyzed were 28 samples. This sample was obtained from 28 different locations around the DKI Jakarta Provincial train station. DNA Analysis of the suckermouth catfish using specific primers and analysis of heavy metals using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method. Nine of the 28 samples showed a 496 bp band on the electrophoretic gel. The band was confirmed by the species of suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys pardalis and Hypostomus plecostomus) after being analyzed using Sanger sequencing. A total of 9 samples that were identified as containing suckermouth catfish also contained the heavy metal Pb with a concentration range of 0.06 mg/kg to 0.12 mg/kg and the heavy metal Cd <0.007 mg/kg. The heavy metals content in the siomai sample is still below the safe threshold according to SNI and BPOM provisions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Desain primer DNA ikan sapu-sapu (Pterygoplichthys sp.) serta aplikasinya pada pempek menggunakan real time PCR (RT-PCR): Primer design of suckermouth catfish (Pterygoplichthys sp.) DNA and their aplication in pempek using real Time PCR (RT – PCR)
No full textPempek merupakan salah satu jenis makanan khas dari Sumatra Selatan yang umumnya menggunakan bahan baku ikan tenggiri. Ikan sapu-sapu juga bisa dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan pempek namun beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa ikan sapu-sapu yang diambil dari Sungai Ciliwung telah tercemar logam berat dan mikroplastik. Adanya kandungan logam berat dan mikroplastik pada ikan sapu-sapu menjadikan ikan ini berbahaya untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan makanan khususnya pempek. Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu mendesain primer DNA ikan sapu-sapu serta menganalisis keberadaan kandungan DNA ikan sapu-sapu pada pempek menggunakan RT-PCR dengan penanda berupa dye (EvaGreen). Analisis DNA ikan sapu-sapu menggunakan primer spesifik dan diamplifikasi menggunakan RT-PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa primer yang digunakan spesifik hanya untuk ikan sapu-sapu saja bila dibandingkan dengan sampel 9 DNA ikan yang lain. Konsentrasi DNA ikan sapu-sapu sebesar 0,00064 ng/µL masih menunjukkan adanya amplifikasi dengan nilai Cq sebesar 38,98. Pada perbandingan antara bahan baku pembuatan pempek dengan daging ikan sapu-sapu (b/b) sebesar 20:1 masih menunjukkan adanya kurva amplifikasi dengan nilai Cq sebesar 23,55. Sebanyak 16 sampel pempek yang digunakan tidak mengandung DNA ikan sapu-sapu karena tidak menunjukkan adanya kurva amplifikasi pada alat RT-PCR.Pempek is a traditional food from South Sumatra that uses fish as the main ingredient. In addition to mackerel, several other types of fish are used as raw materials for making pempek, such as snakehead fish, tilapia, and catfish. Suckermouth catfish can also be used as an ingredient for making pempek; however, several studies have reported that suckermouth catfish from the Ciliwung River are contaminated with heavy metals and microplastics. The presence of heavy metals and microplastics in suckermouth catfish makes it dangerous to use as a food ingredient, especially in pempek. This study aimed to design specific DNA primers for suckermouth catfish and analyze the presence or absence of suckermouth catfish DNA in pempek using RT-PCR with a dye-based marker (EvaGreen). Suckermouth catfish DNA was analyzed using specific primers and amplified using RT-PCR. The results showed that the primers used were specific only to suckermouth catfish compared to DNA samples from nine other fish species. A suckermouth catfish DNA concentration of 0.00064 ng/µL still showed amplification, with a Cq value of 38.98. A comparison between raw pempek ingredients and suckermouth catfish meat (w/w) at a ratio of 20:1 still showed an amplification curve with a Cq value of 23.55. None of the 16 pempek samples tested contained suckermouth catfish DNA, as no amplification curves were observed on the RT-PCR device
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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