1,721,022 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
On the applicability of non-monotonic logic to formal reasoning in continuous time [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textThe paper criticizes arguments recently advanced by Shoham, McDermott and Sandewall, which purport to demonstrate the relevance of non-monotonic logic to the formalization of reasoning about the evolution of mechanical systems in continuous time. The first half of the paper examines the "Extended Prediction Problem" of Shoham and McDermott; reasons are given to support the claim that the "problem" is the product of a mistaken understanding of the the formal basis of Newtonian mechanics, and has no real existence. An example is given showing how, contrary to Shoham and McDermott's arguments, it is possible to formalise reasoning about the evolution of physical systems in continuous time using only classical logic and differential calculus. The second half then reviews Sandewall's non-monotonic logic for almost-continuous systems. Here it is argued that the proposed framework offers only very marginal advantages in compactness of notation, and generally tends to collapse back into classical logic. In summary, I conclude that there is as yet no good reason to believe that non-monotonic logic will be a useful tool in this area.</p
On the applicability of non-monotonic logic to formal reasoning in continuous time
Full text linkThe paper criticizes arguments recently advanced by Shoham, McDermott and Sandewall, which purport to demonstrate the relevance of non-monotonic logic to the formalization of reasoning about the evolution of mechanical systems in continuous time. The first half of the paper examines the "Extended Prediction Problem" of Shoham and McDermott; reasons are given to support the claim that the "problem" is the product of a mistaken understanding of the the formal basis of Newtonian mechanics, and has no real existence. An example is given showing how, contrary to Shoham and McDermott's arguments, it is possible to formalise reasoning about the evolution of physical systems in continuous time using only classical logic and differential calculus. The second half then reviews Sandewall's non-monotonic logic for almost-continuous systems. Here it is argued that the proposed framework offers only very marginal advantages in compactness of notation, and generally tends to collapse back into classical logic. In summary, I conclude that there is as yet no good reason to believe that non-monotonic logic will be a useful tool in this area
Applying explanation-based learning to natural-language processing (part 1) [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textIt is shown how ideas adapted from recent work on explanation-based generalization can be used to allow a logic grammar to "learn" useful derived grammar rules by generalizing them from example sentences. The method is presented in the form of a small Prolog meta-interpreter, and its soundness is formally proved. Examples are given showing the application of the generalizer, first to a toy grammar with 40 rules and then to a largish independantly developed system which involves non-trivial syntactic and semantic analysis.</p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
On the applicability of default logic: two short papers
Full text linkWork by Yoav Shoham advocating the use of default logic is critically examined, and several serious inconsistencies are pointed out. Shoham's analysis of the frame problem is shown to depend on a misinterpretation of the formal basis for Newtonian mechanics, and strong reasons are given to doubt the correctness of his arguments for reducing auto-epistemic reasoning to default logic. Detailed counter-examples are provided for both cases
Applying explanation-based learning to natural-language processing (part 1)
Full text linkIt is shown how ideas adapted from recent work on explanation-based generalization can be used to allow a logic grammar to "learn" useful derived grammar rules by generalizing them from example sentences. The method is presented in the form of a small Prolog meta-interpreter, and its soundness is formally proved. Examples are given showing the application of the generalizer, first to a toy grammar with 40 rules and then to a largish independantly developed system which involves non-trivial syntactic and semantic analysis
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