2,210 research outputs found
Sacrifice, Blood, and Intention in Early Rabbinic Literature. A Critical Reading of Mira Balberg’s Blood for Thought
No full textThis article critically examines Mira Balberg’s Blood for Thought and its interpretation of sacrifice in early rabbinic literature. It focuses on Balberg’s argument that rabbis centralized blood in sacrificial rituals and downplayed individual intention. The author contests Balberg’s view, arguing it oversimplifies the complex evolution of sacrificial concepts. The transition from Tannaitic to Amoraic literature is highlighted as a significant shift in conceptualizing sacrifice, especially after the Second Temple’s destruction. The continued study of sacrificial laws in the Babylonian Talmud, particularly Seder Qodashim, suggests a more complex relationship between ritual, text, and religious identity than Balberg’s “formalization” theory implies. The article argues that theological-political dimensions of sacrificial discourse in rabbinic literature, especially in the context of exile and restoration hopes, deserve more attention. While acknowledging Balberg’s contribution, the author calls for a more comprehensive approach considering the interplay between ritual practice, textual interpretation, and evolving religious and political contexts for a fuller understanding of sacrifice in rabbinic thought
Gert Hofmann in Slovenci: podoba Slovenije v romanu Lektor v Ljubljani
No full textThe purpose of the present article is firstly to present in broad strokes the German author Gert Hofmann, who in the 1970s and 1980s attracted a great deal of attention amongst the European public with his creative opus. The novel Die Fistelstimme (1980, translated into Slovene as Lektor v Ljubljani, 1982) also enthused Slovene cultural circles. In the continuation, the article will present a more detailed treatment of the imageological analysis of the Slovene national images and stereotypes sketched in Hofmann’s above mentioned text, in so doing referring to the theory of the French imageologist Daniel-Henri Pageaux and the Slovene psychologist Janek Musek. It will also briefly present the most important literary critical views of the writer’s experience of the Slovene environment.Namen tega prispevka je, kot prvo, v nekaj potezah predstaviti nemškega avtorja Gerta Hofmanna, ki je v sedemdesetih in osemdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja s svojim ustvarjalnim opusom vzbudil pozornost evropske javnosti, z romanom Die Fistelstimme (1980, poslovenjen kot Lektor v Ljubljani, 1982) pa navdušil tudi slovenske kulturniške kroge. Nadalje se bo članek podrobneje ukvarjal z imagološko analizo slovenskih narodnostnih podob in stereotipov, zarisanih v omenjenem Hofmannovem besedilu, pri čemer se bo opiral na teoriji francoskega imagologa Daniela-Henrija Pageauxa in slovenskega psihologa Janka Muska, na kratko pa predstavil tudi pomembnejše literarnokritiške poglede na pisateljevo doživljanje slovenskega okolja
NON-EQUILIBRIUM PRODUCT DISTRIBUTIONS OBSERVED IN THE "SINGLE" AND "MULTIPLE' COLLISION CHEMILUMINESCENT REACTIONS B AND B. EVIDENCE FOR FAST V-E TRANSFER
No full textAuthor Institution:The chemiluminescent reactions of boron with and have been studied over a pressure range from to 10 torr. At the lowest pressure boron atoms intersect a tenuous atomsphere of oxidant gas ( to torr) forming ground and excited state boron oxide products; at higher pressures boron atoms are entrained under controlled conditions is argon (0.5 to 10 torr) and the resultant mixture oxidized. These boron oxidations are characterized by the following unusual features: (1) One observes rapid V-E intramolecular energy transfer at pressures as low as torr corresponding to the process ; this energy transfer is highly temperature and pressure dependent. The intromolecular energy transfer rate must considerably exceed the hard sphere gas kinetic collision rate. (2) At higher pressures (argon buffer gas) these non-equilibrium product distributions persist reflecting a strong coupling butween the and states. (3) Computer simulations of the observed spectra reflect the strong A-X coupling indicating the possibility of differing radiative lifetimes for the and components of the state; the transition appears to have the shorter lifetime
Bo v. ponieważ i inne spójniki w mówionym i pisanym Kartka z dziejów mylnych mniemań
No full textThe starting point of the article is the normative belief that some conjunctions, such as because (bo) and but (ale), are typical of speech and should be used in it, and others, such as because (ponieważ) and yet (lecz), are appropriate for written works. They were tested on the material of randomly selected short texts from philosophy, linguistics, literary studies, psychology, journalism, literary criticism and popular science texts about language. The research procedure had several stages: 1) beliefs, 2) doubts, different points of view, 3) material assembly, 4) study, 5) results, 6) interpretation, 7) conclusions. The author believes that this scheme is suitable for use in Polish lessons. The initial idea turned out to be wrong: conjunctions because (bo) and but (ale) occur in the reviewed texts much more often than because (ponieważ) and yet (lecz).Punktem wyjścia artykułu jest normatywne przekonanie, że niektóre spójniki, jak bo i ale, są właściwe mowie i w niej należy je stosować, a niektóre, jak ponieważ i lecz, są właściwe dziełom pisanym. Przekonanie to sprawdzono na materiale, na który złożyły się losowo dobrane krótkie teksty z filozofii, językoznawstwa, literaturoznawstwa, psychologii, publicystyki, krytyki literackiej oraz teksty popularnonaukowe o języku. Wyjściowe mniemanie okazało się mylne: spójniki bo i ale występują w przejrzanych tekstach o wiele częściej niż ponieważ i lecz. Postępowanie badawcze miało kilka etapów: 1) identyfikacja zastanych przekonań, 2) określenie wątpliwości, ustalenie odmiennego punktu widzenia, 3) zgromadzenie materiału, 4) badanie, 5) wyniki, 6) interpretacja, 7) wnioski. Autor sądzi, że schemat takiego postępowania badawczego nadaje się do stosowania na lekcjach języka polskiego
Koliko je funkcionalno nepismenih v Sloveniji
No full textThe author draws attention to the fact that, in determining functional illiteracy, there remain many terminological disagreements and diverse opinions regarding illiteracy. Furthermore, there are also different methods for measuring writing abilities, thus leading to disparate results. The introductory section presents the dilemmas relating to the term of functional illiteracy, while the second part is concerned with the various methods for measuring literacy. Thus, the author also critically assesses the research studies aimed at evaluating the scope of literacy amongst adults in Slovenia during the past decade. ln this paper, she has adopted a methodology which would not determine what is functional and what is not in our society, in order to avoid limiting the richness of individual writing praxis.Avtorica opozarja, da je pri opredelitvi funkcionalne nepismenosti še veliko terminoloških nesoglasij in različnih opredelitev pismenosti, poleg tega pa obstajajo tudi različne metode merjenja pisnih spretnosti, ki dajejo različne rezultate. Najprej predstavi dileme v zvezi s pojmom funkcionalna nepismenost, v drugem delu pa različne metode merjenja pismenosti. Kritično oceni tudi poskuse raziskovanja obsega pismenosti odraslih v Sloveniji v zadnjem desetletju. V prispevku se zavzema za takšno metodologijo, ki ne bo določala, kaj je funkcionalno v naši družbi in kaj ne, in s tem omejevala bogastva individualne pisne prakse
Ali bo umetna inteligenca spremenila nekatere paradigme patentnega prava?
No full textAfter a brief introduction into the tools of artificial intelligence (AI), the author uses three important research achievements attributed by science writers entirely to the AI to examine the correctness of such reporting in the light of the original research reports. The author presents the practice of the EPO, JPO, SIPO and USPTO, which all in principle grant patents for AI-related inventions. A critical reflection on the academic debate questioning the ability of the established patent law paradigms to master the challenges of the AI technology follows. The facts of the broadly publicised “DABUS” patent applications serve to demonstrate the weakness of the assertion that AI autonomously invented the claimed inventions and to point to the deficiencies of the system and suggest measures to adequately determine, e.g. the prior art, and assess the inventive step requirement for AIrelated inventions. In line with the practice of the leading patent offices of the world, the understanding and assessment of that practice by its main users, the author believes that under the impact of the AI technology, the settled patent law paradigms will undergo certain evolutionary adaptations, but will not change as to their substance. Finally, the article critically comments on the EU plans to adopt a regulation, which would specifically deal with all complex aspects of patenting AI related inventions.Po kratki uvodni predstavitvi orodij umetne inteligence avtor s tremi pomembnimi raziskovalnimi dosežki, ki jih teoretiki v celoti pripisujejo umetni inteligenci, preuči pravilnost takega poročanja v luči izvirnih raziskovalnih poročil. Nato predstavi prakso Evropskega patentnega urada, Japonskega patentnega urada, Državnega urada LR Kitajske za intelektualno lastnino ter Urada ZDA za patente in blagovne znamke, ki načeloma podeljujejo patente za izume, povezane z umetno inteligenco. Sledi kritičen premislek o akademski razpravi o zmožnosti uveljavljenih paradigem patentnega prava, da obvladajo izzive tehnologije umetne inteligence. Dejstva široko objavljenih patentnih prijav »DABUS« kažejo na slabosti trditve, da je umetna inteligenca avtonomno iznašla prijavljene izume, ter opozarjajo na pomanjkljivosti sistema in kažejo na ukrepe za ustrezno določitev na primer stanja tehnike, in oceno zahtevane stopnje inventivnosti za izume, povezane z umetno inteligenco. V skladu s prakso vodilnih svetovnih patentnih uradov, razumevanjem in presojo te prakse s strani njenih glavnih uporabnikov avtor meni, da bodo pod vplivom tehnologije umetne inteligence ustaljene patentnopravne paradigme nekoliko evolucijsko prilagojene, vendar ne bo prišlo do bistvenih sprememb. Avtor prispevek sklene s kritičnim komentarjem načrta EU za sprejem uredbe, ki bi posebej obravnavala vse kompleksne vidike patentiranja izumov, povezanih z umetno inteligenco
Oblikovanje čezmejnih vezi na tromeji med Slovenijo, Hrvaško in Italijo v Istri
No full textThe paper exames some aspects of \u27borderness\u27 and development of cross-border relations in the three-border area between Slovenia, Croatia, and Italy in Istria. Firstly, some geopolitical aspects of forming and transformation of the considered border and social-cultural contact area are given. The paper than presents some results of a research project, which will be concluded in 2001 comparing the studied region with other Slovenian border areas. On the basis of the author\u27s methodology, which has been developed in the domestic and international scientific community, typology, intensity and direction of cross-border relations in different parts of the Istrian \u27three-border\u27 are then discussed. The paper concludes with a short compared analysis of the studied border region with other studied border landscapes along the Italo-Slovene border.Prispevek obravna nekatere vidike obmejnosti in razvoja čezmejnega povezovanja na »tromeji« med Slovenijo, Italijo in Hrvaško v Istri. Uvodoma so predstavljeni nekateri geopolitični vidiki formiranja in preoblikovanja obravnavanega obmej-nega in družbeno-kulturnega kontaktnega območja. V nadaljevanju so prikazani nekateri rezultati raziskovalnega projekta, ki se bo zaključil v letu 2001 in bo to območje tudi primerjal z ostalimi slovenskimi obmejnimi območji, za katera se že zbirajo ustrezne informacije. Na osnovi metodologije, ki jo je avtor prispevka razvil v domačem in mednarodnem znanstvenem okolju, so v prispevku prikazani tipologija, intenzivnost in smer čezmejnih vezi v različnih delih, ki sestavljajo obravnavano »tromejo«. Prispevek zaključuje krajša primerjalna analiza istrske »tromeje« z drugimi obmejnimi območji vzdolž slovensko-italijanske meje
Pravni koncepti v luči nevroznanosti: nevrološka podlaga nerazsodnosti in duševnega zdravja
No full textPredmetni prispevek obravnava nevrološko podlago nerazsodnosti in duševnega zdravja. Ugotovitev, da je posameznik nerazsoden, je pomembna za številna področja civilnega prava. Koncept nerazsodnosti je obravnavan v povezavi z deliktno in poslovno sposobnostjo ter oporočno in ženitno sposobnostjo kot posebni vrsti poslovne sposobnosti. Tudi duševno zdravje je dejstvo, ki se ugotavlja v dokaznem postopku. Od njegovega obstoja je odvisna dopustnost »prisilne hospitalizacije«, ki predstavlja velik poseg v človekove pravice in temeljne svoboščine. Ker sta nerazsodnost in duševno zdravje – kot pravna koncepta – izrazito subjektivne narave, njihovo ugotavljanje zahteva zanesljivo objektivizacijo. Avtor zastopa stališče, da uporaba nevroznanstvenih odkritij lahko poveča zanesljivost ugotavljanja pravno relevantnih subjektivnih dejstev. »Objektivizacijo subjektivnega« omogoča nevroznanost, katere odkritja so že uporabna v dokazne namene. Nadaljnji razvoj bo zmanjšal pomanjkljivosti nevroznanosti, zato se bo zanesljivost nevroznanstvenih odkritij povečala. S tem bodo nevroznanstvena odkritja postala pomemben del objektivizacije subjektivnih dejstev v civilnih postopkih.The present article discusses the neurological basis of impaired judgement and mental health. The finding that an individual has impaired judgement is important for many areas of civil evidence law. In the present article the concept of impaired judgement is discussed in connection with the ability of tort and legal capacity, including testamentary and marital capacity. Mental health is also a fact that is ascertained in evidentiary procedures, since the absence of mental health is a precondition for »involuntary hospitalization«, which represents a major interference with human rights and fundamental freedoms. However, impaired judgement and mental health - as legal concepts - are highly subjective facts in nature. In order to ascertain those facts, the court has to achieve their reliable objectification. The author argues that the use of neuroscientific discoveries can increase the reliability in ascertaining legally relevant subjective facts. The »objectification of the subjective« is made possible by neuroscientific discoveries, which are already useful for evidentiary purposes. Further development will reduce the disadvantages of neuroscience, and therefore the reliability of neuroscientific discoveries will increase. With this, neuroscientific discoveries will become an important part of the objectification of subjective facts in civil procedures
Problem razdvojenega subjekta v delih Marjana Rožanca
No full textPo kratki utemeljitvi vsebine bova sintetično opozorila na nekatere bistvene značilnosti Rožančevega pisanja. Najin interes bo v največji meri usmerjen k njegovi esejistiki, saj ta odkriva najpomembnejše značilnosti avtorjevega poglobljenega in subtilnega razmerja do sveta. Tloris vprašanj, ki zadevajo Boga in človeka, moškega ter žensko, igro in šport, umetnost ter ustvarjalnost, je Rožanc prek pojma razdvojeni subjekt opremil z nenehnim iskanjem ravnovesja in smisla.After a short argumentation of the content, we synthetically highlight some of the main characteristics of Rožanc\u27s writing. Our interest is largely focused on his essays, as they reveal the most important characteristics of the author\u27s absorbed and subtle relationship towards the world. Through the notion of split character, the author furnished the basis of questions dealing with God and mankind, man and woman, games and sport, art and creativity, with a constant search for equilibrium and meaning
Razvoj in demografske značilnosti prebivalstva v mestu Maribor med letoma 1961 in 2015
No full textAuthor identified four stages of demographic development in the city of Maribor (Slovenia). Population growth in the 1960s was followed by stagnation of population in the 1980s and depopulation in the 1990s and after 2000. In Maribor, compared with other major cities in Slovenia, depopulation have been more intensive (between 1981 and 2008, the population decreased by about 12%). Natural growth is constantly negative from 1985 onwards, and net migration was negative between 1992 and 2007. Maribor is also showing the most unfavorable age structure of the population with the highest proportion of the elderly population and the highest aging index. Furthermore, according to the last census it lags behind other towns in the share of population with high school education, although it is the second largest university town in Slovenia. Considering the established demographic characteristics, and significant increase of the share of the population over 65 years in the next two decades, this will require new ways of organizing activities in the city and its adaption to the elderly population.Avtor v članku opredeli štiri faze razvoja prebivalstva v mestu Maribor. Hitri rasti števila prebivalstva v 60. letih 20. stoletja je sledila stagnacija v 80. letih in nato depopulacija v 90. letih in po letu 2000. V primerjavi z drugimi večjimi mesti v Sloveniji je bila depopulacija najbolj intenzivna prav v Mariboru (med letoma 1981 in 2008 se je število prebivalcev zmanjšalo za okoli 12 %). Naravni prirast je v mestu konstantno negativen vse od leta 1985 dalje, selitveni prirast pa je bil negativen med letoma 1992 in 2007. Maribor med večjimi slovenskimi mesti izkazuje tudi najbolj neugodno starostno sestavo prebivalstva z najvišjim deležem starega prebivalstva in najvišjim indeksom staranja, po zadnjem popisu prebivalstva pa zaostaja za drugimi mesti tudi po deležu prebivalstva z višje ali visoko šolsko izobrazbo, čeprav je drugo največje univerzitetno mesto v Sloveniji. Glede na ugotovljene demografske značilnosti se bo v naslednjih dveh desetletjih v mestu bistveno povečal delež prebivalstva v starosti nad 65 let, kar bo zahtevalo nove oblike organiziranja dejavnosti v mestu in prilagajanja starejši populaciji
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