6 research outputs found
Impact evaluation of agroforestry project in six villages of Karatu - Arusha, Tanzania : implemented by Tanzania Association of Foresters
No full textThe Tanzania Association of Foresters Karatu Agroforestry project was officially started in 1986 with four villages; later on in 1999 two villages were added. About 3,272 households were directly involved in the project. Project's goal was to see that local communities have ample sense and knowledge of tree planting and conservation of environment, derive as much of forest produce within the vicinity of project sites thus saving on due time to fetch from far off and that the practice is sustainably maintained. The project impact evaluation conducted revealed that the project has managed to establish tree nurseries in villages; which are under the village management. Due to project intervention, individuals have started their own nurseries. About 3.8 millions trees were planted in the project area. The project has highly managed to reduce conflicts over resources and land encroachment, furthermore, due to its initiatives communities in 5 villages have formed 9 income generating groups as a means of fighting poverty. The project has created awareness to majority of villagers about the importance of tree planting and environmental conservation. Communities future tree planting is on fruit and timber tree species. It was noted that uccesses of project interventions at local level have crossed the project boundaries to non-project villages, also natural resources committee has been formed in each village. The evaluation concluded that the project is now well known to both in the project and non-project villages and has positively influenced local communities tree planting and environmental onservation practices to a large extent. Further, the emergency of private tree nurseries seems the right approach to sustainability of tree planting practices. It was recommended that the project should facilitate introduction of commercial aspects of agroforestry, build capacity of community, strengthen monitoring and evaluation system, soil fertility improvements, and increase demonstration plots. (Author abstract)Mwamhanga, J. V.B. (2005). Impact evaluation of agroforestry project in six village of Karatu - Arusha, Tanzania : implemented by Tanzania Association of Foresters. Retrieved from http://academicarchive.snhu.eduMaster of Science (M.S.)School of Community Economic Developmen
ANALISIS POLA PERMINTAAN DAN BIAYA PERSEDIAAN OLI DI BENGKEL X MENGGUNAKAN METODE SILVER MEAL
No full textPengendalian persediaan bahan baku penting dilakukan untuk menghindari pemborosan biaya persediaan. Untuk membuktikan hal tersebut dilakukan perbandingan perhitungan antara biaya persediaan dalam kondisi aktual dan biaya persediaan ketika menggunakan metode Silver Meal di salah satu bengkel di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode Silver Meal maka total biaya persediaan dapat mencegah terjadinya pemborosan biaya. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan cara pengadaan oli pada bengkel dengan periode waktu selama 3 tahun (2019-2021), ketika dalam kondisi aktual dalam periode waktu 3 tahun, bengkel melakukan 18 kali pemesanan dan mengeluarkan biaya persediaan sebesar Rp 22.872.569, ketika dilakukan dengan menggukanan metode Silver Meal dalam periode waktu yang sama, didapatkan jumlah pemesanan yang lebih optimal yaitu sebanyak 7 kali pemesanan dengan total biaya persediaan yang dikeluarkan sebesar Rp 16.709.127. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa dengan menggunakan metode Siver Meal maka bengkel dapat melakukan penghematan sebesar Rp 6.163.442 atau sebesar 26,95% dari kondisi aktual
Behaviour test in chronic brain ischemia rats: A bibliometric approach
No full textBackground: Stroke causes severe disability and mortality. Despite
the fact that the pathology of acute stroke is well understood,
publication on chronic stroke is still limited.
Because scarring of glia limits the recovery area of acute stroke and
reorganization capacity is reduced, discovering new treatments for
chronic stroke poses substantial obstacles.
In stroke research, rodent models are commonly utilized, and
behavior testing is a crucial tool. To measure stroke outcomes and
translating rodent findings to therapeutic trials, selecting relevant
behavioral tests that fit the study purpose is critical. Here, we aimed to
look at the last decade’s publications highlighting behaviour tests on
chronic stroke rats. Hopefully, we were able to give more information
about the behaviour tests to facilitate the researchers’ choice of
appropriate test.
Methods: By using a bibliometric analysis, we hope to systematically
discuss rodent behavior tests in chronic stroke research. Documents
were extracted from the Scopus database in April 2022. Excel and
VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used to conduct statistical and graphical
analysis.
Results: Research on "behavioral test in chronic stroke rats" has
progressed quickly, although the researchers have yet to collaborate
with each other. H. Millani was an active researcher and author who
connected numerous researchers, according to documents and
citation analysis. “Animals”, “brain ischemia”, “man”, “publication”, and
“animal experiment” were all common keywords. The majority of the
articles were from the United States and China. The Morris Water
Maze test and the cylinder test were the most commonly used
behavior tests Conclusions Clinical applications and therapeutic effectiveness
against stroke could be improved with more collaboration amongst
authors. When using a behavior test, researchers need to think about
which neurological deficiency is being addressed and whether the test
covers long-term evaluation.
Keywords
Bibliometric analysis, Scopus, Stroke, chronic, behaviour test, rat
Payments and Quality of Ante-Natal Care in Two Rural Districts of Tanzania
No full textThis paper surveys women’s experiences with payments for ante-natal care (ANC) and associated issues of quality in two rural districts of Tanzania. We draw on quantitative and qualitative data from interviews in facilities and in households in the two districts to explore these issues, and discuss some policy implications. The paper provides evidence of payments for ANC in the two rural districts. Striking differences in payments between the two districts were observed, apparently reflecting variation in charging practices in different parts of the districts. In the areas surveyed in one district, women were paying little, in both faith-based organisations (FBOs) and in the public sector. In the other district, charges were much higher in facilities that women had attended, including a district hospital and a public dispensary that seemed to have gone into business on its own account. We explore to what extent these higher charges were associated with better-quality care: The women in the higher-charging district had in general received somewhat higher levels of service than the women interviewed in the lower-charging district, with the notable exception of a low-charging FBO-owned hospital that was succeeding in combining low and predictable charges with good services. In both districts, we found few reports of abuse at the ANC level – this appears to be more a problem at birth. The main quality issues at this level are lack of basic ANC services in some of the public health facilities, and having to pay for ANC even in some of the public facilities where these services are supposed to be provided for free. However, the problem of supply shortages seems to have generated a system of informal charging in some contexts. Sale of assets and borrowing to pay for ANC means impoverishment in order to access a payment-exempted service. We also found that health insurance appears to be creating or supporting a culture of charging for ANC. ANC accessible to all women is a key requirement for improved maternal survival. The findings discussed in this paper suggest the need for a more concerted effort to implement effectively strategies that are already in place, and to come up with other alternative strategies that may result into better outcomes. Such strategies should not be considered in isolation, but should be part of effective strategies to improve all aspects of maternal health. Furthermore, an emerging problem needs to be looked into, and appropriate action taken. Health insurance, which is intended to promote access to health care for the poor, seems in this case to be creating a contrary effect by exacerbating the problem of payments for services that should be exempted from payment.\u
Escape às origens e trajetórias de estrangeiros em João Pessoa
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências Humanas, Florianópolis, 2014.A presente incursão investigativa traz à baila as percepções e os sentimentos envolvidos nas trajetórias de sujeitos anglo-americanos, que partem de seus países de origem para João Pessoa, Paraíba. Por ser uma pesquisa que atinge vários campos de conhecimentos, me valho da abordagem interdisciplinar para associá-los. Entrevistei, utilizando a técnica e a metodologia da História Oral, seis sujeitos, entre 35 e 70 anos, de Maio de 2012 a Novembro de 2013, acerca dos seus deslocamentos. Inspiro-me na Análise Crítico-Discursiva para investigar como determinadas escolhas lexicais, práticas discursivas e sociais auxiliam na compreensão das experiências sobre os deslocamentos. As temáticas que orientam o percurso analítico são: o local de fala; as percepções das sociedades de origem e lar; os processos decisórios e as motivações para a mudança; os elementos que promovem a fixação na cidade; a (des)construção das práticas sociais em meio aos processos de identificação e adaptação; as relações de alteridade e diversidade; a formação das díades conjugais entre estrangeiros e brasileiras; e os laços familiares. Nesse sentido, a mudança, embora, às vezes, apontada como obra do acaso, muito deve às necessidades pessoais de aventura daqueles que desejam desviar dos destinos sociais. Fuga às origens, busca pela satisfação pessoal e profissional, pela formação de uma família transcultural, o sonho de um lar próximo a praia, esses são alguns elementos do escapismo urbano e contemporâneo que, se a princípio parecia individual, aos poucos é delineado pelas relações conjugais e familiares, centrais para as mobilidades desses sujeitos.Abstract : This investigational research brings out the perceptions and feelings involved in the trajectories of Anglo-American men that leave their countries of origin for João Pessoa, Paraíba. Due to the fact that this study covers several fields of knowledge I make use of the interdisciplinary approach to bring them together. I interviewed, using Oral History s technique and methodology, six men, aged between 35- 70 years old, from May 2012 to November 2013 about their moving. I take Critical Discourse Analysis as a theoretical source of inspiration aiming at investigating how the lexical choices, the discursive and social practices allow me to understand the experiences within their movements. The thematic elements which guide the analytic trail are: where you speak from; the perceptions of society of origin and homesociety; the decision-making processes and the motivations for moving; the elements that encourage the fixation in the city; the (de)construction of social practices amidst identification and adaptation; the relationships of otherness and diversity; the coupling of foreign men and Brazilian women and consequent family ties. With that in mind, the moving, though sometimes pointed out as predestined by fate, owes much to the personal need for adventure in men who wish to deviate from their social destiny. An escape from origins, a search for personal and professional satisfaction, the constitution of a transcultural family, the dream of a home near the beach, these are some elements in the urban and contemporaneous escapism that may have seemed individual but proved to be outlined by marital and family relationships, key in the mobility of these men
