213 research outputs found
Heterogeneity, sunk cost and export performance: a firm level study of Pakistan’s textile sector
No full textFirm level Financial Statement dat
مکتوبات مسعودی(غم نامے اور تعزیت نامے):تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textThe charismatic personality of Prof. Dr. Muhammad Masood Ahmed had excellence in Islamic and Urdu literary services both. In Urdu literature, the significance of letters (Maktoobat) stands high. The letters of condolence reflect charisma of Prof. Masood's personality. Dr. Masood's letters are, in fact, an artifice of sad realities, coupled with the severeness and bitterness of death. He strived for seeking panacea for the aggrieved families by euphimizing this very severeness and providing a psychological relief for the effected ones. At one place they are letters of condolence while they are masterpieces of literature too and this respect is the core theme of this research paper in hand.
Distinctions and Characteristics of Exegetical Prefaces by ‘Allama Ghulām Rasool Sa‘eedi: A Comparative Analysis
No full textThe knowledge of Tafsīr (exegesis) is indeed the result of ‘pondering over its verses’ by some great scholarly men often known as Mufassir. The initial instances of tafsir can be traced back to the glorious era of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) who used to read the verses to his companions and so on the knowledge has reached to our times. In sub-continent there are many scholars who have served in the field of ‘Uloom ul Qur’an. Allama Ghulām Rasool Sa‘eedi stands ahead among those intellectual par excellence who spent their entire life in the propagation of Islamic knowledge and departed this mundane world during the same blessed service. He authored a large number of books, which are comprehensive and far-famed. Exegesis of Ṣaḥiḥ Muslim, Tafsīr Tibyān ul Qur’ān, Ni’mat ul Bārī and Tafsīr Tibyān ul Furqān are the manifest evidence of his encyclopedic knowledge. This article deals with the various prefaces by Allama Saeedi written for exegesis of the Holy Qur’ān. The primary subject of the article is to highlight the structure, pattern, comprehensiveness and literary significance of these prefaces. Besides, it is also intended to present a model for the new authors. The article also brings forth the distinct feature of writing a preface especially for an exegesis. Hence, where his services in Hadith and Tafsir are remarkable, his associated writings are also worth and a masterpiece of Quranic Exegesis in the contemporary world
امام ابو عبید قاسم بن سلام کی ’’غریب الحدیث‘‘: ایک مطالعہ
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There are many kinds of ‘ulūm al Ḥadīth. Imām Suyūtī mentioned 93 kinds of Ḥadith sciences in his book. One of the unique kind of ‘ulūm ul Ḥadīth is Gharīb al Ḥadīth. This science of Ḥadīth unrevealed various new dimensions, epistemologies, eloquences, explanations and rhetoric for the scholars of hadith and its sciences. The most well-known and admirable book on these sciences in known as:
’کتاب غرائب الحدیث لامام أبي عبید بن قاسم بن سلام‘
This research study, explores the Introduction and methodology of Gharīb al Ḥadīth by Imām Abū Muhammad Qāsim Bin Sallam. Imam spent about forty years of his life in the research of his science of hadith and wrote a comprehensive book. This research paper is an attempt to analyze and introduce a unique contribution of Imām Qasim bin Sallam. The great contribution of the Imam in the field of Ḥadith sciences is widely recognized and acknowledged by Muḥaddithīn, Mufassirīn, scholars, ‘Ulema and students of Ḥadīth sciences
Financial practices during Prophet's Lifetime and Contemporary Economic Sources: عہدِ نبوی کی معاشی سرگرمیاں اور عصری ذرائع معاش
No full textAfter gracing the universe with beautiful creations, Allah extended his benevolence to mankind and sent prophets to refine their characters. Then he announced the completion of the divine message by sealing the chain of prophet hood on the holy prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and declaring the life of the holy prophet a role model for humanity. Hence, individuals and communities can seek comprehensive guidance from the life of the Holy Prophet, seeking solutions not only for religious dilemmas but also for economic, social, and ethical challenges across every facet of life. In the pursuit of wisdom, scholars have crafted the realm of "Fiqh ul Sirah," a dedicated knowledge to navigate and resolve a spectrum of issues by drawing upon the noble life of the holy prophet (ﷺ). Whether it is individual life or collective life, the economy has a great impact on them because it is an essential need for continuity of life. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ not only illuminated the path for spiritual matters, but he intricately weaved rules and guidance for fostering the development of societies. This article delves into the economic facets illuminated by the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. These insights served as the bedrock for the ascent of Muslims as a formidable economic force. Throughout the annals of Muslim history, the resilience of Muslim states in the face of economic challenges stands as a testament, with not a single instance where a Muslim state succumbed to economic ruin
Mysticism and ethics in Islam
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Standardized name for editor Bilal Orfali from the Library of Congress is: Urfahʹlī, Bilāl http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2010019407The relationship between Sufism or Islamic mysticism and ethics is largely untilled land. Mysticism and Ethics in Islam attempts to survey this fertile area of investigation by attempting to come to a clearer idea of what is meant by the terms “ethics” and “mysticism,” both in relation to each other and to Islam. The articles in this volume do not have an eye so much on defining what mysticism and ethics in Islamic civilization are per se, as much as on coming to terms with the parameters and boundaries within which they have historically been conceptualized. As such, the book falls into four clearly demarcated time periods and foci: early, classical, late pre-modern, and modern and contemporary. Taken as a whole, this collection of contributions by leading specialists in their fields offer rich insights into some of the most important articulations of Sufi ethics to have animated the tradition, from past to present, in such geographically diverse regions and countries as Egypt, India, West Africa, Iran, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia, and China.Editors' introduction -- I. EARLY PERIOD -- Aḥlām al-mutaṣṣawwifah wa-atharuhā ʻalá ʻilm al-taʻbīr al-Islāmī, fī al-qarnayn al-rābiʻ wa-al-khāmis lil-hijrah / Lina Jammal -- To grieve or not to grieve? The ambivalence of Ḥuzn in early Islam / Riccardo Paredi -- The treasurers of God : Abū Saʻīd Al-Kharrāz and the ethics of wealth in early Sufism / John Zaleski -- On patience (Ṣabr) in Sufi virtue ethics / Atif Khalil -- Min naqd al-taṣawwuf ilá iṣlāḥ al-akhlāq : al-kashf ʻan aʻmāl Shams al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Malik al-Dulaymī (t. 593 H/ 1197M) / Khaled Abdo -- Does Al-Ghazālī have a theory of virtue? / Sophia Vasalou -- II. CLASSICAL PERIOD -- Theo-Fānī : ʻAyn Al-Quḍāt and the fire of love / Mohammed Rustom -- Marātib Al-Taqwā : Saʻīd Al-Dīn Farghānī on the ontology of ethics / William Chittick -- Transcending character and the quest for union : the place of union (al-jamʿ) in commentaries on Anṣārī's Waystations / Cyrus Zargar -- Seeing is believing : Sufi vision and the formation of the ethical subject / Richard McGregor -- Disciplining the soul, freeing the mind : spiritual practice (al-riyāḍa) in Fakhr Al-Dīn Al-Rāzī's Sharḥ Al-Ishārāt Wa-l-Tanbīhāt / Nora Jacobsen Ben Hammed -- al-Nasaq al-maʻrifī li-iʻādat intāj al-mafāhīm al-akhlāqīyah ʻinda al-Ṣūfīyah > namūdhajan / Chafika Ouail -- ʻAḍud Al-Dīn Ījī's ethics : a translation of Al-Akhlāq Al-ʻAḍudiyya and some notes on its commentaries / Feryal Salem -- III. LATE PRE-MODERN PERIOD -- ʻAbd Al-Wahhāb Al-Shaʻrānī's Laṭāʼif Al-Minan and the virtue of sincere immodesty / Matthew Ingalls -- Finding new life among the dead : the ethical mysticism of The Book of Pure Gold / Paul Heck -- Sufism and ethics in the works of Shāh Walī Allāh / Marcia Hermansen -- "Dogs have left you in the dust!" Mockery in Panjabi Sufi poetry / Syed Rizwan Zamir -- Churning nectar on the path of Muhammad : of ethical imaginaries in Kashmiri Sufi poetry / Peter Dziedzic -- The Chinese classics in the light of Ibn Al-ʻArabī's Metaphysics -- IV. MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PERIODS -- Sufism and ethics in Central Asia : Ṣūfī Allāhyār's Thabāt Al-ʻĀjizīn and its legacy / Alexandre Papas -- Sufism, ethics, and the Muslim modernist project / Ahmed El Shamsy -- Sufism and modern Muslim ethics in 14th/20th century Russian Islamic thought / Leila Almazova -- A Nietzschean mystic : Muhammad Iqbal on the ethics of selfhood / Muhammad Faruque -- The transcendent ethics of Tarbiya : Ibrahim Niasse's Maqāmāt Al-Dīn al-Thalāth / Oludamini Ogunnaike -- Becoming what one is : liberative knowledge and human perfection in the writing of Seyyed Hossein Nasr -- Author biographies
Travelogue "Butterfly Rays and Tornadoes" Intellectual Review
No full textTravel is part of human nature. He wants to get acquainted with the culture and way of life of
the place where he is traveling. The First travelogue is “Ajaibat e Farang” the author of which
is Yousaf Hussain Kambal posh. After him Sir Syed Ahmed khan, Allama Shibli Noumani and
Muhammad Hussain Azad also wrote travelogues. The twinth century remained popolur
because of travel. Travelogues of Shafiq ur Rehman, Ibn e Insha and Begum Akhtar Riaz ud
Din came to light during this period. Women travelogues Sheen Farukh, Bushra Rehman and
Parveen Atif. Parveen Atif wrote two Urdu travelogues “Kiran Titli Or Bagoly” and “Taper
Wasni”.Her travelogues are beautiful gift in intellectual terms.
 
Numerische Analyse von Blasensäulenströmungen
No full textDespite the extensive application of bubble columns and rigorous research efforts dedicated to understand their intricate behavior, detailed knowledge on the multiphase fluid flow and mass transfer as well as their interactions is currently very limited. Gas-liquid flow in bubble columns is exemplified by a blend of inherently unsteady complex processes with broadly varying spatial and temporal scales. The complex gas-liquid interactions involving liquid mechanics, chemical heat and mass transfer pose many demanding modeling problems to be solved.
In this thesis, numerical investigations are carried out to study the gas-liquid flow in bubble columns. Efforts have been concentrated on the assessment of the suitable interfacial and turbulence closures. All the numerical simulations are performed in 3D transient Euler-Euler environment with the commercial CFD tool Ansys CFX-14.0 and all simulation results are compared with the already available experimental data.
A key problem in bubble column simulations is to capture the physics involved. The interphase forces (e.g. drag, turbulent dispersion, wall lubrication, virtual mass and lift forces) and turbulence in the bubble columns can be affected due to interaction among gas and liquid phase. This work shows the comparison between different interfacial closure models reported in the literature. Moreover, the combined effects of the lift, virtual mass and other non-drag forces namely wall lubrication as well as the turbulent dispersion have been examined. Primarily, drag and lift forces are found to be dominating forces in action between two phases.
The virtual mass effects on the bubble column flows are found to be insignificant. The addition of wall lubrication force mainly results in restriction of bubbles in the centre area of the column. Addition of turbulent dispersion force does not have any noticeable effect on average flow field; however it enhanced the spreading of bubble plume.
A detailed analysis and study of different turbulence models namely Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model (EARSM), Re-Normalization Group (RNG) and Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress-Baseline (EARSM-BSL) is performed to evaluate the shear induced turbulence effects in the continuous phase. Impact of bubble-induced turbulence model of Sato and Sekoguchi is assessed as well. Furthermore, Bubble induced turbulence model of Morel, implemented in CFX and coupled with RNG model, is compared and evaluated against the Sato and Sekoguchi model.
When EARSM turbulence model is employed, it is found that the EARSM is more successful in capturing the turbulence flow structures in continuous phase in comparison to RNG model, however, it failed to predict the average flow field. On contrary, RNG model has successfully predicted the averaged flow field, whereas the turbulent kinetic energy profiles at some locations have been slightly underestimated by the RNG model. The bubble induced turbulence model of Morel coupled with RNG model in comparison to Sato and Sekoguchi model, underpredicted the turbulent kinetic energy. In predicting the average flow field, both models showed comparable accuracy. Morel model in comparison to Sato and Sekoguchi model is found to be capable of capturing more dynamic bubbly flow.
By combining BSL model with EARSM model (EARSM-BSL) not only improved the flow field predictions but also improved the turbulence flow structure prediction capabilities, especially near the sparger. With the addition of bubble induced turbulence, overall predictive performance of the EARSM-BSL model improved slightly, thus suggesting that bubble induced turbulence is an important factor and should be included in the investigations.Trotz weitläufiger Anwendungen von Blasensäulen und enormer Forschungsanstrengungen zum Verständnis des komplexen Verhaltens ist detailliertes Wissen von Mehrphasen-Fluidströmungen gegenwärtig nur sehr begrenzt vorhanden. Gas-Flüssigkeits-Strömungen in Blasensäulen stellen von Natur aus eine Verschmelzung von instationären, vielschichtigen Prozessen mit breit angelegten räumlichen und zeitlichen Skalen dar. Die komplizierten Wechselwirkungen zwischen Gas und Flüssigkeit, die Hydrodynamik, Massentransport und chemische Reaktionen miteinbegreifen, führen zu einer Vielfalt von Fragestellungen hinsichtlich zu lösender Modellprobleme.
In dieser Arbeit werden numerische Untersuchungen von Gas-Flüssigkeits-Strömungen in Blasensäulen durchgeführt. Besonderer Fokus wird auf die Beurteilung von geeigneten Grenzflächen- und Turbulenzschließungen gerichtet. Alle numerischen Simulationen werden mit einem 3D transienten Euler-Euler Ansatz unter Verwendung des kommerziellen CFD-Tools Ansys CFX-14.0 durchgeführt und darüber hinaus mit bereits verfügbaren experimentellen Daten verglichen.
Ein zentrales Problem bei der Simulation von Blasensäulen ist die Erfassung der physikalischen Phänomene. Die Grenzflächenkräfte, wie etwa der Strömungswiderstand, die Flüssigfilmschmierung an Wänden, die virtuelle Massenkraft und die Auftriebskraft, und Turbulenz können durch die Interaktionen von Gas und Flüssigkeit beeinträchtigt werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit bildet Vergleiche zwischen den aus der Literatur vorhandenen verschiedenen Grenzflächenschließmodellen. Überdies werden kombinierte Effekte von Auftriebskraft, virtueller Massenkraft und widerstandsfreien Kräften wie der Flüssigfilmschmierung und der turbulenten Dispersion analysiert. Widerstands- und Auftriebskräfte erweisen sich in erster Linie als dominierend wirkende Kräfte bei Zweiphaseninteraktionen. Die Effekte der virtuellen Massenkraft auf Blasensäulenströmungen bleiben hingegen unbedeutend. Die Flüssigfilmschmierung führt zu einer vermehrten Ansammlung der Blasen im Zentrum der Blasensäule. Die turbulente Dispersion zeigt keine bemerkenswerten Auswirkungen auf das gemittelte Strömungsfeld. Allerdings verbessert sie die Ausbreitung der Blasenwolke.
Eine detaillierte Analyse unterschiedlicher Turbulenzmodelle, nämlich des Expliziten Algebraischen Reynolds-Spannungs-Modells (EARSM), der Renormalisierungsgruppe (RNG) und des Expliziten Algebraischen Reynolds-Basislinien-Modells (EARSM-BSL) wird durchgeführt, um die scherinduzierten Turbulenzeffekte in der kontinuierlichen Phase auszuwerten. Der Einfluss des blaseninduzierten Turbulenzmodells von Sato und Sekoguchi wird ebenso bewertet. Letzteres wird mit dem blaseninduzierten Turbulenzmodell von Morel, implementiert in CFX und gekoppelt mit dem RNG Modell, verglichen und ausgewertet.
Bei Anwendung des EARSM Turbulenzmodells zeigt sich, dass es im Vergleich zum RNG-Modell besser geeignet ist, um Strukturen der Turbulenzströmungen in der kontinuierlichen Phase zu erfassen. Jedoch versagt es bei der Vorhersage des gemittelten Strömungsfeldes. Demgegenüber gelingt mit dem RNG-Modell eine Vorhersage des gemittelten Strömungsfeldes, wohingegen die turbulenten, kinetischen Energieprofile an einigen Stellen leicht durch das RNG-Modell unterschätzt werden. Das blaseninduzierte Turbulenzmodell von Morel gekoppelt mit dem RNG-Modell gibt, im Gegensatz zum Modell von Sato und Sekoguchi, nur unzureichende Vorhersagen über die turbulente kinetische Energie her. Beide Modelle zeigen eine vergleichbare Genauigkeit bei der Vorhersage des gemittelten Strömungsfeldes. Das Morel-Modell erweist sich im Vergleich zum Modell von Sato und Sekoguchi fähig mehr dynamische Blasenströmungen zu erfassen.
Die Kombination des BSL-Modells mit dem EARSM-Modell (EARSM-BSL) verbessert nicht nur die Vorhersagen für das Strömungsfeld, sondern auch jene für die Strukturen der Turbulenzströmung, insbesondere in der Nähe der Begasungsfritte. Unter Hinzunahme der blaseninduzierten Turbulenz verbessert sich die gesamte prädiktive Leistung des EARSM-BSL-Modells leicht. Daher leitet sich ab, dass blaseninduzierte Turbulenz ein wichtiger Faktor ist und bei Untersuchung von gashaltigen Mehrphasenströmungen wie der Blasensäule mit einbezogen werden
Inertial Measurement Unit based Virtual Antenna Arrays - DoA Estimation and Positioning in Wireless Networks
No full textToday we have different location based services available in a mobile phone or mobile station (MS). These services include: direction finding to nearby ATMs, locating favorite food restaurants, or finding any target destination. Similarly, we see different applications of the positioning and navigation systems in firefighting or other rescue operations. The common factor in almost all of the location based services is the system's ability to determine the user's current position, with reference to a floor plan or a navigation map. Current technologies are using sensor data measurements from one or more sensors, available to the positioning device, for positioning and navigation. Typical examples are radio based positioning such as global positioning system, inertial sensors based inertial navigation system, or camera based positioning systems. Different accuracy and availability conditions of the positioning and navigation solution can be obtained depending on the positioning algorithms and the available sensor information.Nowadays, the focus of research in positioning and navigation has been mostly on the use of existing hardware infrastructure and low-cost solutions, such that the proposed technique can be deployed with ease and without extra infrastructure requirements as well as without any expensive sensor equipment. In this work, we investigate a novel idea for positioning using existing wireless networks and low-cost inertial sensor measurements available at the MS. We propose to use received baseband radio signal along with inertial sensor data, such as accelerometer and rate gyroscope measurements, for direction of arrival (DoA) estimation and positioning. The DoA information from different base stations or access points can be used to estimate the MS position using triangulation technique. Furthermore, due to size and cost restrictions it is difficult to have real antenna arrays at the MS, the idea of DoA estimation and positioning is proposed to be used with single antenna devices by using the so-called virtual antenna arrays.We have presented our research results in three different papers. We provide measurement based results to perform a quantitative evaluation of DoA estimation using arbitrary virtual antenna arrays in 3-D; where a state-of-the-art high-resolution algorithm has been used for radio signal parameter estimation. Furthermore, we provide an extended Kalman filter framework to investigate the performance of unaided inertial navigation systems with 3-axis accelerometer and 3-axis rate gyroscope measurements, from a six-degrees-of-freedom inertial measurement unit. Using the extended Kalman filter framework, we provide results for position estimation error standard deviation with respect to integration time for an unaided inertial navigation system; where the effect of different stochastic errors noise sources in the inertial sensors measurements such as white Gaussian noise and bias instability noise is investigated. Also, we derive a closed form expression for Cramér-Rao lower bound to investigate DoA estimation accuracy for a far-field source using random antenna arrays in 3-D. The Cramér-Rao lower bound is obtained using known antenna coordinates as well as using estimated antenna coordinates, where the antenna coordinates are estimated with an uncertainty whose standard deviation is known. Furthermore, using Monte-Carlo simulations for random antenna arrays, we provide Cramér-Rao lower bound based performance evaluation of random 3-D antenna arrays for DoA estimation
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