3,243 research outputs found
Inhibition of tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) and potatovirus X (PVX) replication in plants by human interferon
No full textHuman interferon treatments, carried out right after virus inoculation caused in both cases (TNV in Chenopodium amaranticolor, PVX in Gomphrena globosa) a remarkable reduction of virus synthesis in plants. The possibly produced antiviral-active oligoadenylates were recovered
Salicylic acid enhances the synthesis of TobaccoNecrosis Virus (TNV) and inhibits formation of antiviral factors in Chenopodium amaranticolorplants
No full textSalicylic acid (SA) is often regarded as a signal molecule involved in systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against plant virus infections. When infiltrated into Chenopodium amaranticolor leaves 12 h prior to inoculation with tobacco necrosis virus (TNV), it caused an increase in virus synthesis. It seems therefore, that in our system, SA is involved in a mechanism of acquired susceptibility rather than acquired resistance to TNV. These results are different from all others previously reported for virus infection and question the proposed SA general role of signal molecule triggering plant defence mechanism against pathogens. Our is not the first evidence of SA-suppressed resistance in plants. This together with previous researches where SA neither induced PR-protein formation nor induced acquired resistance to virus infections, support the idea that plant SAR is a complex phenomenon, probably depending on various mechanisms. One of them is the impaired formation of antiviral factors in the interaction system C. amaranticolor/TNV
A imagem de Alessandro Baricco no Brasil
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Florianópolis, 2013.Com a intenção de delinear o modo pelo qual o escritor italiano Alessandro Baricco se inseriu no sistema literário brasileiro e os caminhos percorridos pelos seus livros traduzidos, esta dissertação dá voz às experiências tradutórias de seus tradutores. A inserção de Bariccono Brasil tem seu início em 1997, através de uma proposição da Profa. Dra. Roberta Barni à editora Iluminuras da tradução de Oceano Mare. A partir daí, outras sete obras foram publicadas no Brasil, sendo três delas traduzidas por Roberta Barni e as outras quatro por quatro tradutores diferentes. De um lado, considera-se o tradutor como figura principal namediação entre culturas, e, de outro, se analisa a realidade desta figuradentro do sistema literário, sua invisibilidade, seus limites e o exercíciode sua profissão. A pesquisa conta, ainda, com críticas e resenhas referentes ao autor italiano publicadas em jornais consagrados no Brasil, considerando estas como parte constituinte da imagem de Baricco refletida em território nacional. Abstract : Intending to delineate the way the Italian writer Alessandro Baricco has been inserted in the Brazilian literary system and the paths his translated books have followed, this thesis gives voice to the translating experiences of his translators. Baricco's insertion in Brazil began in 1997, through a personal project of Dr. Roberta Barni, with her translation of Oceano Mare. Since then, seven other of his works have been published in Brazil, three of which were translated by Roberta Barni and the other four by four different translators. On the one hand,the translator is considered as the main figure in mediation betweencultures and, on the other, this figure's reality is analyzed within theliterary system: its invisibility, its limits and its professional practice. Criticisms and reviews of this Italian author published in well established Brazilian newspapers are also considered, with the understanding that they are part of Baricco's image reflected here
Fusarium Toxins in Cereals: Occurrence, Legislation, Factors Promoting the Appearance and Their Management
No full textFusarium diseases of small grain cereals and maize cause significant yield losses worldwide. Fusarium infections result in reduced grain yield and contamination with mycotoxins, some of which have a notable impact on human and animal health. Regulations on maximum limits have been established in various countries to protect consumers from the harmful effects of these mycotoxins. Several factors are involved in Fusarium disease and mycotoxin occurrence and among them environmental factors and the agronomic practices have been shown to deeply affect mycotoxin contamination in the field. In the present review particular emphasis will be placed on how environmental conditions and stress factors for the crops can affect Fusarium infection and mycotoxin production, with the aim to provide useful knowledge to develop strategies to prevent mycotoxin accumulation in cereals
Effect of potential biocontrol agents selected among grapevine endophytes and commercial products on crown gall disease
No full textThe current strategies for the control of
Agrobacterium vitis crown gall in grape are generally
unsuccessful once the pathogen has established in
vineyards. Experimental trials were conducted to
evaluate the effectiveness of treatments based on nonpathogenic
endophytes isolated from asymptomatic
grapevines growing in vineyards with high incidence
of crown gall and on microorganisms isolated from
commercial products. Two-year in planta trials conducted
on rootstocks treated with endophytic isolates
showed the effectiveness of two bacterial endophytes,
both in the genus Curtobacterium, and one fungal
isolate in the genus Acremonium in reducing crown
gall development. For the commercial biological
control agents, Bacillus subtilis SR63 and Trichoderma
asperellum T1 were the most effective strains
against A. vitis, indicating commercial products could
be reserves to draw upon to identify useful biocontrol
agents. Based on the combination of data in this work,microorganisms, both endophytes and those formulated
in commercial products, were identified that can
potentially be exploited for the control of grapevine
crown gall disease
Iperbolo e Cleone negli scolii di Alessandro di Nicea al Timone di Luciano
No full textAlessandro, vescovo di Nicea, e professore di retorica nell'università di Bisanzio è tra i maggiori studiosi che animarono il cosiddetto Umanesimo bizantino nei primi decenni del X secolo. Tra i suoi interessi , oltre alla disciplina che insegnava, vi erano anche gli studi che più erano in voga al tempo, ossia a dire quelli dedicati alla biografia antica e a Luciano. Per questo motivo entrò in possesso del più antico codice conservato contenente i lavori di Luciano (Vat. gr. 90), sul quale aggiunse numerosi scolii di sua mano. Due di questi, riferiti al Timone, sono dotte ricostruzioni delle vite di Cleone e Iperbolo. Il saggio analizza la struttura e le fonti di questi lemmi eruditi, ipotizzando che le citazioni ivi contenute possano risalire a Demetrio del Falero, forse per il tramite di Didimo di Alessandria
Pathogenic and Genetic Characterization of Fusarium verticillioides Strains Collected from Maize and Sorghum Kernels
No full textCommercial and sanitary qualities of cereals are important and contribute to the determination of the final application and destination of the grain and, thus, farmer profit. Although considered a minor crop in Italy, in the last years, the cultivation area of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) has been increasing and is often adjacent or subsequent to the most common maize (Zea mays L.) fields, with the risk of sharing mycotoxigenic fungi that are common to both cereals, such as Fusarium verticillioides. The present work aims to clarify if a fungal physiological characteristic such as fumonisin production and some plant growth parameters such as effects on germination, root and shoot development and on tissue necrosis may be common and shared among F. verticillioides strains belonging to maize and sorghum, especially if present on adjacent fields at the same time. Sorghum kernels are commonly less colonized and contaminated by F. verticillioides and fumonisins than maize, and, at least in part, this aspect could be explained by the higher frequency of low-producing strains obtained from sorghum compared to those obtained from maize. Moreover, although no clear pathogen specificity was found, the results relating to the parameters analyzed suggest a host preference by F. verticillioides isolated from maize that affects maize seedlings with greater severity as well as F. verticillioides strains from sorghum versus sorghum. Five microsatellite markers showed minor differences between the two sets of strains but could not reliably discriminate between hosts. The resulting data suggest that in adjacent maize and sorghum crops, the population of F. verticillioides selected during sorghum cultivation may not represent a particular mycotoxigenic or pathogenic issue for maize cultivation
Plant stress and mycotoxin accumulation in maize
No full textThe 2012 crop year in north-east Italy was characterized by a strong heat-wave event, and areas influenced by this environmental condition presented an anomalous accumulation of mycotoxins in maize. Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites, harmful to human and animals, produced by pathogenic fungi that contaminate foodstuffs. Plants suffering by stress are characterized by lower crop yield and quality, increased fungal infection and in some cases by higher amounts of mycotoxins. In plant, heat-wave events and generally stress factors afflict physiological traits and are associated with oxidative stress. Since oxidative stress is fundamental also for activation of mycotoxin biosynthesis in fungi, stress conditions in plant and mycotoxin accumulation are often correlated. The present paper aims to report the influence of some stress factors in relation to mycotoxin accumulation providing further data to comprehension of stress management with particular emphasis to heat-wave related events
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