569 research outputs found
Phit chom Meri loet lam loki kam ru thakon
No full textDrawing on a portrait and old poem, the author describes the beauty of Nang Meri, a female character in one old Thai literature
SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI FILM POLI (3-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT-CO- 4-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT)UNTUK BIDANG PERTANIAN
No full textSINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI FILM POLI (3-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT-CO- 4-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT)UNTUK BIDANG PERTANIAN. Telah dilakukan biosintesis kopolimer poli (3-hidroksibutirat-co-4-hidroksibutirat), [P(3HB-co-4HB)], menggunakan bakteri D. acidovorans dengan substrat karbon asamn-butirat dan 1,4-butanadiol untuk dimanfaatkan dalam bidang pertanian. Kopolimer yang dihasilkan dikarakterisasi dan diuji biodegradasinya secara enzimatik dan penimbunan dalam tanah. Film P(3HB-co-4HB) yang dihasilkan memiliki suhu leleh antara 50 oC hingga 180 oC dan kristalinitas 27% hingga 65%. Uji degradasi enzimatik dilakukan dalam larutan enzim PHB depolimerase dari R. pickettii T1 dan enzim lipase dari R. delemar. Laju degradasi dengan enzim PHB depolimerase mencapai 100% pada sampel P(3HB), P(3HB-co-15%mol 4HB) dan P(3HB-co-24%mol 4HB) setelah 24 jam. Sedangkan laju degradasi dengan enzim lipase lebih cepat mencapai 100%, yaitu setelah 12 jam pada sampel P(3HB-co-92%mol 4HB). Laju degradasi kopolimer dalam tanah paling cepat terjadi pada film P(3HB-co-74%mol 4HB)
KARAKTERISTIK TERMAL POLIESTER MIKROBIAL POLI(HIDROKSIBUTIRAT)
No full textKARAKTERISTIK TERMAL POLIESTER MIKROBIAL POLI(HIDROKSIBUTIRAT). Karakteristik Termal Poliester Mikrobial Poli(hidroksibutirat). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik termal dan pengaruh radiasi pada poliester poli(hidroksibutirat). Karakterisasi yang dilakukan meliputi suhu leleh, densitas, kristalinitas, entalpi penggabungan, distribusi rangkaian dan pengaruh radiasi pada kopolimer poli(hidroksibutirat). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik termal kopolimer mengalami perubahan signifikan dengan berubahnya komposisi kopolimer. Densitas kopolimer meningkat secara linier dengan naiknya kandungan 4HB. Entalpi penggabungan kopolimer, ΔHu P(3HB-ko-4HB), sebesar 76 Jg-1. Rangkaian 4HB terpanjang yang tergabung dalam kopolimer P(3HB-ko-4HB) adalah pada komposisi 4HB 68 %mol hingga 78%mol. Radiasi P(4HB) pada kondisi vakumdan udara bebas menyebabkan degradasi yang cukup nyata, yaitu lebih dari 50%. Ikatan silang yang ditandai dengan pembentukan gel terjadi pada P(4HB) yang diradiasi dengan dosis lebih dari 105 kGy pada kondisi vakum
KARAKTERISTIKA KOPOLIMER LATEKS KARET ALAM-METIL METAKRILAT DALAM MINYAK LUMAS DASAR MINERAL
No full textKopolimer radiasi lateks karet alam-metil metakrilat (LKA-MMA) dilarutkan dalam xilena, kemudian dilarutkan dalam 4 macam minyak lumas dasar pada konsentrasi 0,25%; 1%; 5% dan 10%. Larutan campuran tersebut kemudian ditentukan viskositas kinematik, indeks viskositas, densitas, kadar abu, kadar logam, titik nyala, shear stability dan angka basa totalnya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan indeks viskositas contoh minyak lumas dasar meningkat dengan penambahan larutan kopolimer LKA-MMA. Semakin besar kopolimer yang ditambahkan pada minyak lumas dasar, indeks viskositasnya semakin meningkat. Minyak lumas dasar HVI 60 dan campuran HVI 60 : HVI 650 memberikan indeks viskositas optimal. Hasil uji shear stability menunjukan bahwa minyak lumas mengalami penurunan viskositas kinematik sebesar 6,5% setelah diberikan perlakuan selama 60 menit
PENAMBAHAN LATEKS KARET ALAM KOPOLIMER RADIASI DAN PENINGKATAN INDEKS VISKOSITAS MINYAK PELUMAS SINTETIS OLAHAN
No full textPENAMBAHAN LATEKS KARET ALAM KOPOLIMER RADIASI DAN PENINGKATANINDEKS VISKOSITASMINYAK PELUMAS SINTETIS OLAHAN. Pada penelitian ini, minyak pelumas sintetis hasil olahan (recovery) dan minyak pelumas mineral diberi aditif lateks karet alam-metil metakrilat kopolimer radiasi (kopolimer LKA-MMA) yang telah dibuat larutan dengan konsentrasi bervariasi yaitu 0,25%, 0,70%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%. Hasil analisis indeks viskositas dan viskositas kinematik dibandingkan dengan minyak pelumas komersial yang beredar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa indeks viskositas minyak pelumas sintetis olahan meningkat lebih dari 50% dengan pemberian 0,25% kopolimer LKA-MMA. Pada konsentrasi penambahan yang sama minyak pelumas mineral HVI 60 meningkat 11%. Pour point minyak pelumas sintetis olahan danmineral bernilai kurang dariminus 36 yang berartimemenuhi standar Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE). Selain itu angka basa total pada minyak pelumas tersebut meningkat dengan signifikan setelah diberi kopolimer LKA-MMA
BIOSINTESIS KOPOLIMER POLI(3-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT-co-4-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT) MENGGUNAKAN SUBSTRAT KARBON CAMPURAN ASAM n-BUTIRAT DAN 1,4-BUTANADIOL
No full textBIOSINTESIS KOPOLIMER POLI(3-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT-co-4-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT) MENGGUNAKAN SUBSTRAT KARBON CAMPURAN ASAM n-BUTIRAT DAN 1,4-BUTANADIOL. Kopolimer poli(3-hidroksibutirat-co-4-hidroksibutirat), [P(3HB-co-4HB)] dibiosintesis oleh D. acidovorans menggunakan substrat karbon campuran asam n-butirat dan 1,4-butanadiol. Kondisi optimum biosintesis kopolimer P(3HB-co-4HB) oleh D. acidovorans adalah pada konsentrasi substrat karbon 10 g/L, pH 7,0, waktu inkubasi 72 jam dan suhu inkubasi 26 oC. Kandungan polimer P(3HB-co-4HB) tertinggi diperoleh dengan menggunakan campuran asam n-butirat dan 1,4-butanadiol sebagai substrat karbon. Hasil biosintesis menunjukkan kandungan 4HB meningkat secara linier dari 0 % mol hingga 94 % mol dengan peningkatan kandungan substrat 1,4-butanadiol
THE EFFECT OF USING QUESTIONING THE AUTHOR (QtA) APPROACH TOWARD STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN READING COMPREHENSION AT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1 TAMBANG OF KAMPAR REGENCY
No full textThe main focus of the research is to find out whether there is a significant
effect of using Questioning the Author (QtA) Approach toward Students’ Ability
in Reading Comprehension at the Junior High School 1 Tambang or not. In the
research, the type of the research was quasi-experimental research. The researcher
used nonrandomized control group pretest-posttest design. The researcher used
two classes as sample which a consisted of 50 students. The first class was
experimental group and the second was control group. Experimental class was
taught by using Questioning the Author (QtA) Approach and control class was
taught by using conventional strategy. The technique of data collecting was
observation and test. Observation was used in order to collect the data of using
Questioning the Author (QtA) Approach and the test was used in order to collect
the data of students’ ability in reading comprehension at Junior High School 1
Tambang. The technique of data analysis used T-test formula in order to find out
the difference of students’ mean score between experimental class and control
class by using SPSS 16 version. The students’ score was compared with T-table
which considered with degree of freedom (df).
Based on the data analysis, the researcher concluded that there was a
significant effect of using Questioning the Author (QtA) Approach towards
students’ ability in reading comprehension at Junior High School 1 Tambang
with consideration to = 12.000 is higher than T-table either in significant 5 %; =
2.01 or in significant 1 % = 2.68. It means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.
So, it can be concluded that there is significant difference between students’
reading comprehension taught by using Questioning the Author (QtA) Approach
and control class taught by using conventional strategy at Junior High School 1
Tambang. In other words, there was a significant effect of using Questioning the
Author (QtA) Approach toward Students’ Ability in Reading Comprehension at
Junior High School 1 Tambang
KARAKTERISTIKA KOPOLIMER LATEKS KARET ALAM-METIL METAKRILAT DALAM MINYAK LUMAS DASAR MINERAL
No full textKopolimer radiasi lateks karet alam-metil metakrilat (LKA-MMA) dilarutkan dalam xilena, kemudian dilarutkan dalam 4 macam minyak lumas dasar pada konsentrasi 0,25%; 1%; 5% dan 10%. Larutan campuran tersebut kemudian ditentukan viskositas kinematik, indeks viskositas, densitas, kadar abu, kadar logam, titik nyala, shear stability dan angka basa totalnya. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan indeks viskositas contoh minyak lumas dasar meningkat dengan penambahan larutan kopolimer LKA-MMA. Semakin besar kopolimer yang ditambahkan pada minyak lumas dasar, indeks viskositasnya semakin meningkat. Minyak lumas dasar HVI 60 dan campuran HVI 60 : HVI 650 memberikan indeks viskositas optimal. Hasil uji shear stability menunjukan bahwa minyak lumas mengalami penurunan viskositas kinematik sebesar 6,5% setelah diberikan perlakuan selama 60 menit.
 
Biokonversi limbah organik menggunakan larva black soldier fly dan bioaktivator EM4.
No full textLimbah merupakan masalah utama yang sering dihadapi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Adanya limbah yang tidak tertangani dengan baik akan berdampak negatif terhadap kualitas lingkungan. Pengolahan limbah menjadi kompos dengan metode biokonversi limbah organik menggunakan Black soldier Fly (larva BSF) dan bioaktivator EM4 dapat mengurangi daya tampung limbah dan bermanfaat bagi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan agen biokonversi terbaik dan jenis limbah organik yang dapat terurai dengan baik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Agustus 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah bioaktivator limbah yang terdiri dari 3 taraf (P0 (kontrol), P1 (EM4) (15 ml), P2 (Larva BSF) (5 gram/biopond)). Faktor kedua adalah bahan limbah organik yang terdiri dari 3 taraf (L1 (limbah kulit nanas), L2 (limbah kulit jeruk), L3 (limbah ampas tebu)). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larva BSF mampu mengurai bahan organik setara EM4, tetapi larva BSF bisa lebih variasi untuk dikombinasikan dengan limbah organik seperti limbah kulit nanas dan limbah kulit jeruk. Limbah kulit nanas memiliki kualitas dekomposisi yang paling baik untuk dijadikan kompos berdasarkan standar mutu Kementan Nomor 261 tahun 2019. Kombinasi Larva BSF dan EM4 dengan limbah kulit nanas dan limbah kulit jeruk merupakan kombinasi dengan kualitas kompos terbaik yang mendekati standar mutu Kementan Nomor 261 tahun 2019. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kandungan C-organik total, kadar air, N-Total, k-Total, Fe-Tersedia, Zn-Total, C/N Ratio dan pH memenuhi kriteria dari standar persyaratan kompos terbaik pada Kementan Nomor 261 Tahun 2019. Kadar P-Total dan Fe-Total belum memenuhi baku mutu dan perlu ditingkatkan untuk mendapatkan kualitas kompos yang lebih baik
Presidentide Lennart Meri ja Arnold Rüütli representatsioon Eesti ja Soome trükimeedias riigivisiitide kajastamisel Soome
No full textThe goal of this Bachelor’s Degree Thesis was to analyse the representation of President
Lennart Meri and President Arnold Rüütel in the Estonian and Finnish printed mass media in
the course of reporting on their state visits to Finland. The conducted content analysis covered
four Estonian weekly and daily newspapers and three Finnish weekly newspapers, totalling 50
articles. An additional analysis was carried out of articles published immediately after the
presidential elections (the sample has 69 articles) for the purpose of mapping out the
representation of the presidents in the same channels after the presidential elections and
compare it to that established during state visits.
When Lennart Meri was elected President, the domestic media was discreet in reflecting the
news. But when Arnold Rüütel was elected President, the media reacted to the event in an
extremely active manner. Here the author would like to point out that several Estonian
newspapers had special presidential election columns. The opposite was true of the state visits
– that made to Finland by Lennart Meri was reflected in a more active manner than the state
visit of Arnold Rüütel. The latter was never front page news in Estonian newspapers.
The Finnish printed media reflected the presidential election results and the state visits in a
relatively similar manner – no such remarkable differences can be noted as the ones observed
in the Estonian printed media. In both cases, the dedicated positive attitude of the Finnish
media toward Lennart Meri should be stressed.
The topics reflected during the state visit of the President in 1995 differ somewhat from those
discussed in 2001 as certain changes took place during those six years in Estonia and Finland,
as well in the world as a whole. The most remarkable change can be observed in the topic
columns on “culture and history.” Namely, in 1995 such topics had been of vital importance
in the printed media of both countries, while in 2001 their importance receded almost to zero.
A closer examination of the newspaper articles indicates that during the state visit of 1995 the
stress was more on the history of Estonia and Finland as two kindred nations, the first
President of Estonia and the period that had passed since his visit. Also, the schedule for
Lennart Meri contained more cultural events than the state visit of 2001. It is interesting to
observe that in 2001 the Estonian and Finnish media displayed more unity in the topics reflected than they had in 1995. The active attitude of the Estonian media was noteworthy
regarding the topic of medals – surprisingly, during both state visits.
When comparing media reflections in the two countries, one difference between the domestic
and foreign newspapers is the presence or lack of accusatory and ironic stories. During neither
of the visits did the Finnish printed media have negative-attitude stories related to the visit of
our President.
The optimistic and satisfied Finnish attitude of 1995 changed into a neutral one in 2001, with
no more impassionate stories, although the relations between the two countries remained
excellent. Nor could such impassionate stories be found in the Estonian printed media in 2001
– here the state visit reflection also became more diplomatic.
The greatest difference in the Estonian and Finnish media was that of quoting the Presidents.
The Finnish printed media’s quotations of the Presidents during the two state visits total 128
sentences in the analysed articles. The domestic media deemed it necessary to quote the
Presidents during the same period with only 53 sentences.
The attitude toward the President during the corresponding state visit was generally the same
both in Estonia and Finland. The President as the representative of the state and
simultaneously an exciting personality – this was the picture of Lennart Meri in the media of
both countries. President Meri was represented in his presidential institutional capacity and as
a personality in the Estonian and Finnish media. On the contrary, the picture of President
Arnold Rüütel during his state visit was discreet. President Rüütel in the Finnish media is
primarily the President of Estonia, without an outstanding personality, and the attention given
to him cannot be compared to the attention enjoyed by President Meri. The Estonian media
never praises Rüütel by quoting an opinion leader – he is only praised for being in the right
place at the right time.http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1738718~S1*es
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