1,721,158 research outputs found
Ediacaran marine animal forests and the ventilation of the oceans
No full text<p>This dataset consists of original data from the following paper:</p>
<p>Gutarra, S., Mitchell, E.G., Dunn, F.S., Gibson, B.M., Racicot, R.A., Darroch, S.A.F. and Rahman, I.A. In press. Ediacaran marine animal forests and the ventilation of the oceans. <em>Current Biology</em>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.059">doi:10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.059</a></p>
<p>The dataset comprises two ZIP files: </p>
<p>Gutarra_et_al_Simulated_Communities.zip. This file includes spreadsheets (.xlsx) and text files (.txt) with details of the virtual communities simulated based on data on the size, density, spatial distribution, and orientation of Ediacaran fossils from the ‘D’, ‘E’, and Lower Mistaken Point (LMP) surfaces at Mistaken Point, Newfoundland, Canada. Virtual communities were simulated using the package spatstat in R.</p>
<p>Gutarra_et_al_CFD_Simulations.zip. This file includes three-dimensional digital models (.stp) of the simulated communities and results files (.mph) from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of water flow using these models. Digital models were built in Rhinoceros 3D and CFD simulations were performed in COMSOL Multiphysics.</p>
<p>The code used for spatial ecological modelling is available at: https://github.com/egmitchell/SpatialSimulations</p>
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Cambrian edrioasteroid reveals new mechanism for secondary reduction of the skeleton in echinoderms
Full text linkEchinoderms are characterized by a distinctive high-magnesium calcite endoskeleton as adults, but elements of this have been drastically reduced in some groups. Herein, we describe a new pentaradial echinoderm, Yorkicystis haefneri n. gen. n. sp., which provides, to our knowledge, the oldest evidence of secondary non-mineralization of the echinoderm skeleton. This material was collected from the Cambrian Kinzers Formation in York (Pennsylvania, USA) and is dated as ca 510 Ma. Detailed morphological observations demonstrate that the ambulacra (i.e. axial region) are composed of flooring and cover plates, but the rest of the body (i.e. extraxial region) is preserved as a dark film and lacks any evidence of skeletal plating. Moreover, X-ray fluorescence analysis reveals that the axial region is elevated in iron. Based on our morphological and chemical data and on taphonomic comparisons with other fossils from the Kinzers Formation, we infer that the axial region was originally calcified, while the extraxial region was non-mineralized. Phylogenetic analyses recover Yorkicystis as an edrioasteroid, indicating that this partial absence of skeleton resulted from a secondary reduction. We hypothesize that skeletal reduction resulted from lack of expression of the skeletogenic gene regulatory network in the extraxial body wall during development. Secondary reduction of the skeleton in Yorkicystis might have allowed for greater flexibility of the body wall
Comparing surface digitization techniques in palaeontology using visual perceptual metrics and distance computations between 3D meshes
Full text linkThe use of surface digitization techniques and methods in palaeontology has increased in the last two decades, mainly due to recent improvements in devices and software. However, many digitization efforts are published only as 3D models, with only a few details on the exact protocols used and sometimes not even indicating how to access these digital data, thus reducing the long‐term reusability of the obtained files. It is important to include this information, as the applied techniques and workflows have significant effects on the final quality of 3D models. We compare 3D meshes created by seven different surface digitization techniques and protocols for a sauropod caudal vertebra and a testudine turtle in a flat slab of rock. These two specimens represent typical examples of objects in vertebrate palaeontology collections, making them a suitable sample for our tests. Besides these quantitative and topological comparisons we also have computed visual perceptual metrics, which aim to predict the visual quality of a 3D model as perceived by a human observer. Our results agree with previous works, confirming that photogrammetry is one of the most suitable options for obtaining high quality 3D models of fossils, producing higher quality meshes than current structured light 3D scanners.Berliner Hochschulprogramm für Wissenschaftlerinnen und Künstlerinnen ‚DiGiTal – Digitalisierung: Gestaltung und Transformation‘Xunta de Galicia, Spai
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Impact of the Physical Environment in the Hospitality Industry
Full text linkThe physical environment is amongst the few tangible cues available for customers when it comes to hospitality services and is meant to draw the customers into space and create a visual narrative that they can remember long after their experience. Considering the simultaneous production and intangibility, as you may not touch or feel a hospitality service before you experience it, the physical environment plays a vital role in impacting customers’ moods, expectations, and emotions as well as in assessing the quality of the service provider. Consequently, the physical environment is observed to have a pivotal role in influencing customer intentions and behavior towards service providers in various facets of the hospitality industry.
The objectives of this dissertation are to understand the current state of physical environment research in the hospitality field and to identify the major gaps. Moreover, this dissertation also aims to explore the use of theories of cognitive psychology in conjunction with upper-midscale hotels and trending designs such as biophilic design. To achieve these objectives, the dissertation takes the form of three independent articles which answer 3 research questions and explores 12 hypotheses via both qualitative and quantitative methods. The overall arching theme of the 3 independent articles is the physical environment.
The first article is a systematic literature review within the hospitality context in the last 20 years. This article identified all hospitality-related research as published in the top 5 research journals listed in the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). The scope of this literature review is to understand what has been done in the past in the field of hospitality physical environment research, what are potential gaps and saturated areas, and what should be explored in the future.
The second article draws from the gaps that were identified in the systematic literature review, mainly the lack of studies on the interior design of midscale hotels and the multi-dimensional attributes of the physical environment, the perceiver, and the context. This study also applied design-specific models and theory in a hospitality context, which have also proven to be a gap in the systematic literature review. The scope of this article is to understand how consumer process the physical environment and how does it lead to behavioral intentions. The results indicated that the booking intentions were higher for the upper midscale hotel room and bathroom scenario that followed the MAYA principle compared to any other combination. Moreover, travel expertise and travel goals moderated the relationship between the design type and booking intentions. The scenario designed on the MAYA principal led to higher booking intentions for the experienced traveler as well as for the utilitarian goal of traveling. This study also pointed out that consumer pleasure and interest mediated the effects of typicality and innovativeness on booking intentions. However, fluency and disfluency did not mediate the effects of typicality and innovativeness on pleasure and interest.
The third article analyzed the influence of biophilic design in a major public place of the hotel, the lobby, and its influence on the emotional experiences of hotel guests. The public spaces of hotels and biophilic design have been scarce in the last 20 years of research in the hospitality field. Moreover, this study will also investigate the moderating effect of health consciousness, peace of mind, and willingness to pay. The results showed that the biophilic environment positively and significantly affected pleasure and arousal. Moreover, the arousal state significantly and positively influenced the pleasure state. Pleasure and arousal also mediated the effects of the biophilic lobby on willingness to pay more. Similarly, pleasure and arousal mediated the effects of biophilic design on peace of mind. When customers experienced peace of mind it also led to a positive and significant effect of wiliness to pay more. Lastly, health consciousness strengthens the relationship between the biophilic design scenario and peace of mind however, it did not render significant for willingness to pay more
US Craft Brewery Owners’ Environmental Values, Involvement and Motivations Behind Environmentally Sustainable Practices and the Effect of Business Challenges
Full text linkIn 2018, 7,450 craft breweries across the US produced 25.9 million barrels of beer as part of an industry worth a cumulative $27.6 million and which employs over 456,000 workers. Craft brewery owners across the US have endeavored to optimize the efficiency of the brewing process in order to fulfil their twin goals of improving the quality of the product and boosting profits. In recent years, there has been a marked shift towards a tertiary goal of reducing the carbon footprint of an industry which uses significant amounts of water and energy through the implementation of sustainable practices.
The objectives of this dissertation are to investigate the role which the environmental values of US craft brewery owners play in their involvement in environmental practices and the environmental performance of the brewery as a whole. It also examined the concurrent impact that business challenges have on environmental performance. To achieve these objectives, the dissertation takes the form of three independent articles which answer six research questions via both qualitative and quantitative methods.
The first article reports on the integrated findings of an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design which aimed to identify the full scope of sustainable practices available to the US craft brewing industry as well as quantifying how many of those practices are actually being implemented within the breweries. Areas of concern which were repeatedly identified by the brewers included energy efficiency, involvement with the local community, paper and plastic recycling, repurposing used items, reusing spent grain, using recycled materials and conserving water.
The second article aims to identify the factors which influence craft brewery owners’ involvement in environmental practices and efforts using an exploratory sequential mixed methods research design.
The conclusions reached by this study are in agreement with those of pre-existing literature which encompasses similar themes, such as owners’ environmental involvement, regulations, financial consideration, community, employee involvement, and competition, albeit in a broader business sense.
The third article uses an online questionnaire to collect data pertaining to the environmental values of US craft brewery owners, the effect of those values on their breweries’ environmental performance and the moderating impact of business challenges between the owners’ environmental involvement and their breweries’ environmental performance. The article uses structural equation modeling to detect and examine hypothetical relationships among these aforementioned factors. Implications, limitations and future research is discussed for each individual study
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