1,354,341 research outputs found
Homeostase glicêmica em ratas com perda de função ovariana e tratadas com glicocorticoide
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Florianópolis, 2015.O glicocorticoide (GC) é amplamente aplicado na clínica para o tratamento de doenças inflamatórias. Seu uso prolongado repercurte sobre a homeostase glicêmica podendo levar a resistência periférica à insulina (RI). Mulheres na transição de segunda para a terceira idade iniciam um processo natural de falha ovariana, a menopausa. Na menopausa há ganho de peso e modificações na distribuição da gordura, especialmente na região visceral. A associação entre GCs e menopausa não está bem estabelecida na literatura. Assim, avaliamos as repercussões da perda de função ovariana associada ao tratamento com GC sobre parâmetros relacionados à homeostase glicêmica. Para tanto, ratas Wistar (28 dias de vida) foram submetidas à falha ovariana por meio da administração de 4-vinilciclohexeno diepóxido (4-VCD), i.p. (VCD) ou receberam somente veículo (CTL) e 168 dias após foram tratadas com dexametasona (1 mg/kg, p.c., i.p.) por 5 dias consecutivos (DEX e VCD+DEX) ou veículo (CTL e VCD). O grupos DEX e VCD+DEX demonstraram redução da massa corporal e da ingestão alimentar durante tratamento com dexametasona (pAbstract : Glucocorticoids (GC) are widely applied in clinic for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Its prolonged use influences the glucose homeostasis and may lead to insulin resistance (IR). Women in transition from natural reproductive life to menopause begin a natural process of ovarian failure. In this case, there are weight gain and changes in fat distribution, especially in the visceral region. The association between GCs and menopause is not well established in the literature. We evaluated the impact of the loss of ovarian function associated with GC treatment on parameters related to glucose homeostasis. Wistar rats (28 days old) underwent ovarian failure by administration of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (4-VCD) i.p. (VCD), while controls received vehicle (CTL). After 168 days rats were treated with dexamethasone (1 mg / kg bw, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days (DEX and VCD+DEX) or vehicle (CTL and VCD). The DEX and VCD+DEX groups showed reduced body weight and food intake during treatment with dexamethasone (p<0.05). The rats treated with dexamethasone showed an increase in glycemia, insulinemia, triglyceridemia and hepatic glycogen content vs. their respective control groups (p<0.05) and there is no effect of treatment with 4-VCD per se. Treatment with 4-VCD does not alter insulin sensitivity, whereas the groups treated with dexamethasone showed a reduction in insulin sensitivity compared to their respective controls (p<0.05). The VCD group exhibited impaired glucose tolerance (GTT ip.) vs. CTL group (p<0.05) and intolerance present in the DEX group was not enhanced by treatment with 4-VCD (VCD+DEX). In oral glucose challenge treatment with 4-VCD did not promote changes in VCD and VCD+DEX groups compared to their respective controls. Treatment with 4-VCD caused no change in the mass of ß cells in the VCD group, but prevented the compensatory increase (VCD+DEX group) occurred in the DEX group. The GC treatment resulted in a marked increase in plasma progesterone values vs. CTL (p<0.05) group. We conclude that treatment with 4-VCD does not cause alterations in the basal metabolic parameters, but causes glucose intolerance. Treatment with 4-VCD dos not predisposes rats to additional metabolic dysfunctions caused by the GC treatment, except for the attenuation of the increase in mass of ß cells induced by administration of dexamethasone
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Avaliação de proteínas chaves envolvidas nas vias insulínica e inflamatória e do receptor de glicocorticoide em tecido adiposo de ratos tratados com dexametasona
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas, Florianópolis, 2014.É sabido que os glicocorticoides (GCs) podem diminuir a sensibilidade periférica à insulina, termo que é aplicado como resistência à insulina (RI), fato que parece ser decorrente de alterações em eventos pós-receptores de insulina. A RI está presente nos indivíduos obesos e uma possível explicação para a RI nesses indivíduos se deve a ativação subclínica de vias de sinalização inflamatórias que incluem as cinases c-jun-N-terminal (JNK) e a cinase do IkB (IKKß). Quando ativadas, estas cinases fosforilam o IRS-1 no resíduo serina e atenuam a sinalização insulínica. A fim de verificar se há alguma similaridade entre esse processo e a RI induzida pela administração de GCs, verificamos o conteúdo e o grau de fosforilação de proteínas chaves das vias insulínica e inflamatórias no tecido adiposo branco (TAB) de ratos tratados com dexametasona (DEX). Para tal, ratos Wistar receberam injeção diária de DEX (1 mg/kg de peso corpóreo) durante 5 dias consecutivos, enquanto animais controle receberam solução salina (CTL). Foram analisados o peso corpóreo e consumo de ração, glicose sanguínea, componentes plasmáticos (triaciglicerol, insulina, lactato, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1ß e IL-10), conteúdo de glicogênio hepático, liberação de glicerol, tolerância à glicose, à insulina e ao piruvato. Também foram avaliados o conteúdo de proteínas envolvidas na sinalização insulínica (IRS-1 e Akt) e na sinalização inflamatória (JNK, IKKß, TLR-4 e NFkB) além do receptor de glicocorticoide (GR) e da enzima 11ß-HSD1 no TAB. Os ratos DEX apresentaram redução do peso corpóreo (17%) e do consumo de ração (58%), aumento das concentrações de glicose (25%), insulina (500%), lactato (80%) e de triacilglicerol (190%) (pAbstract : It is known that glucocorticoids (GCs) may decrease peripheral insulin sensitivity, which means insulin resistance (IR), and appears to be a consequence of changes in the insulin post-receptor events. IR is present in obese individuals and a possible explanation for the IR in these individuals is due to the subclinical activation of inflammatory pathways including the c-jun N-terminal (JNK) and IkB kinase (IKKß) kinases. When activated, these kinases phosphorylate IRS-1 at serine residues attenuating the insulin signaling. To elucidate if there is a similarity between this process and the GCs induced-IR, we evaluated the content and the activity of key proteins of the insulin and inflammatory pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) of rats treated with dexamethasone (DEX). For this purpose, Wistar rats received daily injection of DEX (1 mg / kg body weight) for 5 consecutive days, while control animals received saline (CTL). Body weight and food intake, blood glucose, plasma components (triacyglycerol, insulin, lactate, TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1ß and IL-10), hepatic glycogen content, glycerol release and glucose, insulin and pyruvate tolerance were analyzed. We also evaluated the content of proteins involved in the insulin pathway (Akt, and IRS-1) and in the inflammatory pathway (JNK, IKKß, NFkB and TLR-4), as well as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the enzyme 11ß-HSD1 in the WAT. DEX rats showed reduced body weight (17%) and food intake (58%), increased blood glucose values (25%) and augmented circulating insulin (500%), lactate (80%) and triacylglycerol (190%) (p<0.05). The hepatic glycogen content as well as the ex vivo glycerol release were 250% and 50% higher in DEX, compared to CTL rat, respectively (p<0.05). In vivo tests revealed impaired glucose tolerance (GTT), decreased insulin sensitivity (ITT) and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis (PTT), probably of hepatic origin, in DEX rats (p<0.05). DEX rats showed reduced Akt content (46%) and phosphorylation (44%), increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation (63%), reduced GR content (47%) and augmented 11ß-HSD1 content (69%) in WAT, compared to CTL group (p<0.05). The JNK and IKKß phosphorylation was 46% and 52% lower in WAT from DEX rats, respectively (p<0.05), whereas the TLR-4 and NFkBp65 protein contents remained similar between the groups. Plasma concentrations of TNF-a and IL-1ß were also reduced in DEX rats (p<0.05). Based on our results we conclude that dexamethasone treatment for 5 consecutive days reproduces the attenuation of the insulin signaling (reduction of Akt phosphorylation and increase of IRS-1 serine phosphorylation) in WAT of rats. This attenuation of insulin pathway does not seem to be a result of an exacerbation of the inflammatory pathway activation, considering the GC treatment is associated to a reduction or no change in the content and/or activity of the JNK , IKKß , TNF-a , TLR-4 and NFkBp65 proteins
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
The Thursday Murder Club: Launching a megabrand author - a publishing case study
No full textIn 2020, the Christmas book charts in the UK made headlines: Barack Obama’s eagerly awaited autobiography, The Promised Land, was beaten to the top spot by The Thursday Murder Club by Richard Osman, a debut cosy crime novel set in a retirement village. Not only did Osman’s book beat the former US president’s expected bestseller, it also broke records, becoming the fastest-selling debut crime novel of all time. Although Osman has a certain level of fame in the UK from his TV appearances on shows such as Pointless, his celebrity status does not entirely explain the novel’s huge sales. This article tracks the acquisition, publication, and promotion journey of The Thursday Murder Club in order to understand the industry and cultural context of its success and to interrogate the role of celebrity in the creation of author brands. The findings suggest that the unexpected scale of the success of the book owed to a number of factors, including in-depth editing by the novel’s agent, editor, and author to tighten up the plot, an extensive and strategic promotional campaign, the pandemic (which drove interest in the book’s genre and themes), and the quality of the writing. We find that the book’s success was accentuated by Osman’s celebrity status rather than being entirely reliant on it. This research adds to the growing scholarship on celebrity authorship by means of an in-depth case study and provides insight into the processes behind publishing a ‘celebrity’ book and launching a megabrand author
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
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