107 research outputs found
Pemberian Vaksin Melalui Tanaman Transgenik
Get PDFVaccines have played an important role in preventive medicine since Edward Jenner discovered that cowpox induced protection against human smallpox. Until recently, a vaccination has meant a needle in the arm. However, with the increasing need for inexpensive, easily administered vaccines, along with the improvements in genetic engineering, the concept of edible vaccines is fast becoming reality. This is especially important in developing countries, where it is estimated that three to five million children die each year from common diseases, which could have easily been prevented with the proper vaccination. Compared to traditional lab-synthesized vaccines, plants are capable of producing proteins at lower cost, and need not be isolated for injection. Plant-based vaccines are also safer than traditional vaccines because they use selected sub-units of the disease rather the attenuated whole disease-causing organism
PENDEKATAN FARMAKOGENOMIK DALAM PENGEMBANGAN OBAT BARU
Get PDFThe human population is heterogeneous and consists of populations of immense ethnic diversity. There are considerable allelic differences between human popula-tions as well as individuals within each ethnic group as a result of molecular hetero-geneity of the genome. This, in turn, is responsible for differential allelic expression of genes endowing them with polymorphic characters. The molecular diversity within genes is responsible amongst others, of disease resistance or susceptibility or for that matter drug response. Pharmacogenomics is the key to the understanding of differ-ential drug response in different patients in relation to genetic constitution. The revelation of such information at the molecular level would assist the pharmaceuti-cal industry to address a therapy directed to each individual. The objective of this article is to understand the nuances of the genetic repertoire and correlate it with disease gene identification, genes that have been or can be used as drug targets, identify candidate genes for drug development and recent trends in drug discovery
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS ON THE ESSAY WRITTEN BY THE THIRDSEMESTER STUDENTS OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT STUDY PROGRAM, STKIP AL MAKSUM LANGKAT
Get PDFThis research aims to analyse the grammatical errors made by the students in writing the English essay. The author uses the types ofgrammar in academic writing proposed by Yakhontova (2003). The research design is descriptive qualitative, and the technique ofanalysing the data is content analysis. Based on the analysis, there are five grammatical errors made by students. The errors are spelling,noun, subject-verb agreement, punctuation and pronoun. The students made errors in spelling with the total error is 16% and made errors innoun with the total error is 16%. Furthermore, the students made errors in punctuation with the total error is 28 % and made errors inpronoun with the total error is 20 %. The students made errors in pronoun with the total error is 20 %. Punctuation is the most errorsmade by the students in writing the essay
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