66 research outputs found
Enterobacteriaceae resistant to carbapenems isolated in North Lebanon : mechanisms, genetic support and pathogenicity
No full textLes carbapénèmes sont des antibiotiques de la famille des β-lactamines utilisées en dernier recours à cause de leur stabilité vis-à-vis de la plupart des mécanismes de résistance. Cependant, on assiste chez les entérobactéries à l’émergence de carbapénèmases capables d’inactiver ces molécules. Les objectives de ce travail étaient d’explorer l’émergence de ces mécanismes de résistance dans des entérobactéries isolées au Nord Liban entre 2008 et 2012, d’analyser leur support génétique, ainsi que le fond génétique et la pathogénicité des souches porteuses. Nous avons observé une augmentation d’un facteur quatre de la prévalence des entérobactéries de sensibilité diminuée ou résistantes aux carbapénèmes dans les prélèvements cliniques hospitaliers entre 2008 et 2012. Un portage intestinal a été également observé chez 1,5% des individus dans une population d’enfants issus de la communauté. Le phénotype de résistance observé était lié à la production de la carbapénèmase OXA-48. Bien que sept espèces productrices ont été identifiées, la plupart des isolats étaient des souches non-redondantes appartenant aux espèces K. pneumoniae et surtout E. coli. Le vecteur de la diffusion de OXA-48 dans ces bactéries était trois plasmides du groupe d’incompatibilité IncL/M de 49 kb, 63 kb et 84 kb. Cependant, 67% des souches E. coli portaient le gène codant OXA-48 (blaOXA-48) sur le chromosome. La caractérisation des supports génétiques par des approches de séquençage à haut débit a montré qu’ils étaient apparentés et le produit de remaniements génétiques impliquant le transposon Tn21-like, la séquence d'insertion IS1R ou un nouveau transposon composite appelé Tn6237. L’insertion chromosomique de blaOXA-48 résultait de la transposition de Tn6237 qui est capable de transférer un fragment plasmidique de 20 kb dans différents sites du chromosome de E. coli. Les souches K. pneumoniae produisant OXA-48 n’appartenaient pas aux génotypes capsulaires hautement virulents K1 et K2, mais portaient des facteurs identifiées pour favoriser la virulence ou la colonisation de l’hôte. OXA-48 a été observée dans tous les phylogroupes de E. coli, y compris les phylogroupes B2 et D connus pour contenir les souches pathogènes extra-intestinales. Une souche se distinguait par une accumulation sans précédent de huit îlots de pathogénicité. Cette souche induisait une létalité inhabituellement élevée dans un modèle murin de sepsis. En conclusion, l’acquisition du gène blaOXA-48 est donc liée à la diffusion de plasmides apparentés, qui sont marqués par une plasticité conduisant à une localisation chromosomique du gène pouvant favoriser sa persistance. Elle conduit à une diffusion multi-clonale de souches K. pneumoniae et surtout E. coli potentiellement hautement virulentes. Cette association entre de l’espèce E. coli et la carbapénèmase OXA-48 est inquiétante, car E. coli constitue à la fois un réservoir dont la taille peut être considérable et un pathogène responsable d’infections fréquentes pouvant parfois mettre en jeu le pronostic vital.In the β-lactam family, carbapenems are the most effective antimicrobial agents used as a last resort due to their stability toward most resistance mechanisms. However, we recently observed the emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The aim of the present study consisted to explore (i) the epidemiological situation of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated in North Lebanon between 2008 and 2012, (ii) the identification of the resistance mechanisms, and (iii) the characterization of pathogenicity and genetic background of the corresponding strains. We observed a 4-fold increase in the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae exhibiting decreased susceptibility or resistance to carbapenems in the clinical isolates collected at hospital during 2008-2012. The prevalence of fecal carriage of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae was estimated to 1.5% in healthy children of the community. OXA-48 was the only carbapenemase identified among non-redundant isolates which spread to seven species. E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the main represented species. The OXA-48-encoding gene (blaOXA-48) was carried by three novel IncL/M plasmids of 49 kb, 63 kb and 84 kb. However, 67% of E. coli strains encoded blaOXA-48 chromosome-mediated. The sequencing of the previously mentioned genetic structures by high -throughput approaches showed that they are the product of genetic rearrangements involving the Tn21-like transposon, the insertion sequence IS1R and a novel composite transposon designed Tn6237. The chromosomal insertion of blaOXA-48 was due to the acquisition of element Tn6237 leading consequently to the transposition of 20 kb plasmid fragment into different sites of E. coli chromosome. The pathogenicity profile of K. pneumoniae strains showed that they did not belong to highly virulent capsular genotypes K1 and K2, but harbored factors promoting virulence and host colonization. E. coli isolates belonged to different phylogroups, including phylogroups B2 and D known to contain the extra-intestinal pathogenic strains. An E. coli strain was characterized by a broad accumulation of pathogenicity islands (n=8). In addition, this strain induced an unusually high lethality in a mouse model of sepsis. In conclusion, the acquisition of the blaOXA-48 gene is linked to the spread of related IncL/M plasmids, which are marked by a plasticity leading to a chromosomal location of blaOXA-48 and probably promoting its persistence. It leads to a multiclonal diffusion of K. pneumoniae and especially E. coli potentially highly virulent. This association between E. coli and the carbapenemase OXA-48 is worrying because E. coli represent a putative important reservoir and a pathogen agent responsible for frequent infections that can be a life threatening
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textWe recovered 2 carbapenem-resistant K2-ST86 hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients in France. The isolates had genetic attributes of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae but differed in ability to cause mouse lethality. Convergence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae toward resistance could cause a health crisis because such strains could be responsible for severe and untreatable infections
Emerg Infect Dis
No full textWe report intestinal carriage of an extended-spectrum \u3b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain with high-level resistance to colistin (MIC\ua024 mg/L) in a patient in France who had been hospitalized for fungal meningitis. The strain had the mcr-1 plasmid gene and an inactivated mgrB gene, which are associated with colistin resistance
Carbapenem Resistance Conferred by OXA-48 in K2-ST86 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae , France
No full textInternational audienceWe recovered 2 carbapenem-resistant K2-ST86 hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from patients in France. The isolates had genetic attributes of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae but differed in ability to cause mouse lethality. Convergence of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae toward resistance could cause a health crisis because such strains could be responsible for severe and untreatable infections
Comparison of three immunochromatographic assays for the rapid detection of CTX-M in Enterobacterales
No full textInternational audiencePurposeTwo lateral flow immunochromatographic assays are currently available for the rapid detection of CTX-M enzymes in Enterobacterales, RESIST CTX-M (Coris BioConcept, Gembloux, Belgium) and NG-Test CTX-M MULTI (NG Biotech, Guipry, France). The NG-Test CTX-M MULTI is designed to detect all CTX-M enzymes. The RESIST CTX-M detects CTX-M from the M-15 and the M-14 group for V1.0, CTX-M from the M-15 and the M-14/M-8 groups for V1.1.MethodThe performances of the two versions of the RESIST CTX-M test (V1.0 and V1.1) and the NG-Test CTX-M MULTI were assessed against a collection of 140 non-redundant Enterobacterales isolates characterized for their content in beta-lactamases. beta-lactamases content was established from genotypic analysis to collect a broad diversity of resistance mechanisms and bacterial strains, including 74 ESBL-producing strains (CTX-M (n = 56), other ESBLs (n = 18) either alone or associated with other beta-lactamases), 22 strains overproducing chromosomal AmpC, 13 strains producing plasmid-encoded AmpC, 7 carbapenemase-producing strains, 3 strains combining the production of several beta-lactamases other than ESBL and 21 strains that produced other beta-lactamases.ResultsThe sensitivity and specificity of NG-Test CTX-M MULTI for detecting CTX-M were 98.2% and 85.7%, respectively. They were 87.2% and 93.5% for RESIST CTX-M V1.0 for CTX-M of the M-1 and M-9 groups versus 94.3% and 93.1% for RESIST CTX-M V1.1 for CTX-M of the M-1 and M-9/8 groups.ConclusionLateral flow immunochromatographic assays are rapid and reliable tests for the detection of CTX-M production. The NG-Test CTX-M MULTI and RESIST CTX-M V1.1 were the most efficient. However, one limitation of the different assays is the risk of false-positive results with strains belonging to the K. oxytoca and C. farmeri/sedlakii/amalonaticus complexes, which overproduce their chromosomal beta-lactamase
Diversity of DHA-1-encoding plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from 16 French hospitals
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To provide new insights into the spread of plasmidic cephalosporinase DHA-1, 16 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and a strain of Klebsiella variicola producing DHA-1 were isolated between January 2012 and December 2013 in six regions of France and two French overseas departments and territories. Methods: Disc diffusion assays, isoelectric focusing and PCRs were used to characterize the plasmidic DHA-1 beta-lactamase. Plasmid analysis was performed by the method of Kado and Liu and WGS. Virulence of the strains was studied by biofilm formation and the survival of Drosophila. Results: The strains were of low virulence and had one to three plasmids including one of various sizes (similar to 40 to 319 kb) mediating DHA-1. Nine strains belonged to ST11 and possessed a pKPS30-type DHA-1 plasmid of the IncR (incompatibility) group. A strain of ST307 possessed pENVA, a DHA-1 plasmid of the IncH-type group. The seven remaining plasmids were unknown. Three belonged to the IncL/M group. They were closely related and their sequences were determined. One of the four remaining strains was chosen for further investigation. This strain of ST16 had two plasmids, a pUUH239.2-related plasmid and a new DHA-1 plasmid of similar to 319 kb of IncHI2 type. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the major role of the pKPS30-type plasmid in the spread of DHA-1 cephalosporinase in France and provide evidence of two new emerging plasmids carrying this enzyme
IncFII k plasmid harbouring an amplification of 16S rRNA methyltransferase-encoding gene rmtH associated with mobile element IS CR2
No full textInternational audienceObjectives: To investigate the resistance mechanisms and genetic support underlying the high resistance level of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strain CMUL78 to aminoglycoside and b-lactam antibiotics.Methods: Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by the disc diffusion method and MICs were determined by the microdilution method. Antibiotic resistance genes and their genetic environment were characterized by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Plasmid contents were analysed in the clinical strain and transconjugants obtained by mating-out assays. Complete plasmid sequencing was performed with PacBio and Illumina technology.Results: Strain CMUL78 co-produced the 16S rRNA methyltransferase (RMTase) RmtH, carbapenemase OXA-48 and ESBL SHV-12. The rmtH-and bla SHV-12-encoding genes were harboured by a novel 115 kb IncFII k plasmid designated pRmtH, and bla OXA-48 by a 62 kb IncL/M plasmid related to pOXA-48a. pRmtH plasmid possessed seven different stability modules, one of which is a novel hybrid toxin-antitoxin system. Interestingly, pRmtH plasmid harboured a 4-fold amplification of an rmtH-ISCR2 unit arranged in tandem and inserted within a novel IS26-based composite transposon designated Tn6329.Conclusions: This is the first known report of the 16S RMTase-encoding gene rmtH in a plasmid. The rmtH-ISCR2 unit was inserted in a composite transposon as a 4-fold tandem repeat, a scarcely reported organization
Multidrug resistance dissemination in Escherichia coli Isolated from wild animals: bacterial clones and plasmid complicity
No full textInternational audienceObjectives. Epidemiological data concerning third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) resistance in wild fauna are scarce. The aim of this study was to characterize the resistance genes, their genetic context, and clonal relatedness in 17 Escherichia coli resistant to 3GC isolated from wild animals. Methods. The isolates were characterized by short-read whole genome sequencing, and long-read sequencing was used for the hybrid assembly of plasmid sequences. Results. The 3GC resistance gene most identified in the isolates was the extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-encoding gene blaCTX-M-1 (82.3%), followed by blaCTX-M-32 (5.9%), blaCTX-M-14 (5.9%), and blaSHV-12 (5.9%). E. coli isolates mainly belonged to the sequence types (STs) rarely reported from humans. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based typing showed that most E. coli genomes from wild animals (wild boars, birds of prey, and buzzards) formed clonal clusters (<5 SNPs), showing a clonal dissemination crossing species boundaries. blaCTX-M-1-harboring IncI1-ST3 plasmid was the predominant ESBL-encoding plasmid (76.4%) in wild animal isolates. Plasmid comparison revealed a 110-kb self-transferable plasmid consisting of a conserved backbone and two variable regions involved in antimicrobial resistance and in interaction with recipient cells during conjugation. Conclusion. Our results highlighted the unexpected clonal dissemination of blaCTX-M-1-encoding clones and the complicity of IncI1-ST3 plasmid in the spread of blaCTX-M-1 within wild fauna
Successful dissemination of plasmid-mediated extended-Spectrum β-lactamases in enterobacterales over humans to wild fauna
No full textInternational audienceBackground: The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria remains poorly understood in the wild ecosystem and at the interface of habitats. Here, we explored the spread of Escherichia coli containing IncI1-ST3 plasmid encoding resistance gene cefotaximase-Munich-1 (blaCTX-M-1) in human-influenced habitats and wild fauna using a genomic approach. Methods. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST), single-nucleotide polymorphism comparison, synteny-based analysis and data mining approaches were used to analyse a dataset of genomes and circularised plasmids. Results. CTX-M-1 E. coli sequence types (STs) were preferentially associated with ecosystems. Few STs were shared by distinct habitats. IncI1-ST3-blaCTX-M-1 plasmids are disseminated among all E. coli phylogroups. The main divergences in plasmids were located in a shuffling zone including blaCTX-M-1 inserted in a conserved site. This insertion hot spot exhibited diverse positions and orientations in a zone-modulating conjugation, and the resulting synteny was associated with geographic and biological sources. Conclusions. The ecological success of IncI1-ST3-blaCTX-M-1 appears less linked to the spread of their bacterial recipients than to their ability to transfer in a broad spectrum of bacterial lineages. This feature is associated with the diversity of their shuffling conjugation region that contain blaCTX-M-1. These might be involved in the resistance to antimicrobials, but also in their spread
Virulence factors and TEM-type β-lactamases produced by two isolates of an epidemic Klebsiella pneumoniae strain.
No full textInternational audienceTwo Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates of the same strain, identified in Poland, produced either TEM-47 or TEM-68, which differed by the Arg275Leu substitution. They harbored a few virulence factors, including an iron-chelating factor and capsule overproduction, suggesting that these factors were sufficient to enhance their nosocomial potency. TEM-68 and TEM-47 had similar enzymatic activities, but TEM-68 was less susceptible to inhibitors than TEM-47. These results confirm the role of the Arg275Leu substitution in the evolution of TEM enzymes
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