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L'origine des relations de la France avec la Chine: Le premier voyage de l'Amphitrite en Chine par Paul Pelliot (1878-1945)
No full textL'origine des relations de la France avec la Chine,Le premier voyage de l'Amphitrite en Chine par Paul Pelliot (1878-1945), Paris, 1928Journal des Savants, Paris, 1928, décembr
Bird population trends: declines in vineyards vs. cereals fields and benefits of organic farming are not fully explained by pesticide use
No full textAgricultural intensification is a key driver of biodiversity loss, but its mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Many studies compare organic vs. conventional farming, yet this contrast does not fully capture the roles of pesticide use, crop type, or landscape.We analysed 350 French farmland fields, including vineyards, maize, and wheat, monitored for bird abundances from 2013 to 2021. For each field, we characterized surrounding landscapes and pesticide use. As expected, pesticide use was lower in organic vs. conventional fields and in annual crops vs. vineyards. Landscapes also differed across crop types and farming systems. We then related bird population trends to farming system, pesticide use, and landscape. Bird trends varied across farming systems and crops: bird abundance declined in conventional vineyards but was stable or positive elsewhere. This contrast between vineyards and other crops was however not explained by pesticide hazard ratios. In maize, bird trends were negatively related to hazard ratios, whereas in vineyards the relationship was reversed. Landscape effects were crop-specific, with more forests around vineyards linked to steeper declines in bird abundance, while there was no landscape effect in maize and wheat fields.Overall, bird population trends reflected complex, crop-dependent interactions among farming system, pesticide use, and landscape. Differences between organic and conventional systems were not solely attributable to pesticide use, highlighting the need to account for multiple aspects of intensification in farmland conservation
欧洲儒学百科全书(Encyclopédie des études confucéennes): 儒学
No full textLa diffusion à l'étranger du confucianisme et la formation et le développement de la sinologie en dehors de la région montrent que la recherche universitaire de la culture chinoise est devenue une entreprise académique mondiale. La mise en place de ce projet brisera cette séparation et cette aliénation, afin de former une interaction académique entre les deux parties. Pour les universitaires chinois eux-mêmes, l'importance importante du sujet est de laisser la communauté universitaire nationale comprendre les progrès de la communauté universitaire hanan étrangère dans la recherche de la culture chinoise ancienne, et d'attaquer le jade avec d'autres montagnes. Grâce à l'étude de ce sujet, nous nous appuyons sur les résultats et les méthodes de recherche de l'étude des anciens classiques culturels chinois au XXe siècle par la communauté universitaire chinoise extraterrestre, afin de réaliser conceptuellement que l'étude des anciens classiques culturels chinois n'appartient plus à la communauté universitaire chinoise elle-même, mais devrait mener à bien l'étude des classiques confucéens avec un horizon académique plus large. Et l'exploration.儒学在海外的传播，域外汉学的形成和发展，昭示着中国文化的学术研究已经成为一个全球的学术事业。本课题的设立将打破这样的分隔与疏离，以形成双方的学术互动。对中国学术本身来说，课题的重要的意义在于：使国内学术界了解域外汉学界对中国古代文化研究的进展，以它山之石攻玉。通过本课题的研究汲取域外汉学界在20世纪对中国古代文化经典研究的成果和研究方法，从而在观念上认识到：对中国古代文化经典的研究已经不再仅仅属于中国学术界本身，而应以更加开阔的学术视野展开对儒学经典的研究与探索
First and disturbing records of the bivalve molluscs Potamocorbula amurensis (Schrenck, 1861) and Mulinia lateralis (Say, 1822) in the Bay of Biscay (France)
No full textInternational audienceThe bivalve mollusc Potamocorbula amurensis, a Corbulidae from the Asian coasts, was recorded for the first time in France in September 2023 in the Gironde estuary, and subsequently in September 2024 in Aiguillon Cove and Aytré Bay. In Aytré Bay, it was accompanied by another non-native bivalve not previously reported from French coasts, Mulinia lateralis, a Mactridae from the western Atlantic coasts. These two species were first recorded in Europe in 2018 in the Westerschelde (Netherlands, Belgium) and are known to be potentially highly invasive. Particular attention should be paid to monitor the spread and the establishment of these two euryoecious species along European coasts.</div
Emerging Trends in Korean Linguistics in Southern Europe : Descriptive, Contrastive, and Typological Perspectives.
No full textInternational audienc
Final Technical Report of the Theatralia Working Group Project (2023-2025) - Annex C.
No full textThis document is the annex C of the final report for the second phase of the THEATRALIA Working-Group (2023–2025), funded by DARIAH-ERIC. Phase 2 focused on developing practical digital solutions for performing arts research and archives. The project aimed to create a tailored descriptive model and a controlled vocabulary to enhance semantic precision and interoperability. Dublin Core was adopted as a flexible foundation and adapted through 38 domain-specific metadata fields. In parallel, a multilingual thesaurus prototype was developed using OpenTheso, currently comprising around 1,400 standardized terms. Key outcomes include a finalized descriptive model, an operational thesaurus, training activities, forthcoming publications, and an international conference, with additional funding supporting multilingual expansion
TGCAT — A Tool to Analyse the Content of Sea Level Data Portals
No full textInternational audienceThe volume of tide gauge data available to the sea level community has grown substantially, with information distributed across numerous global, national, and institutional data centres. As a result, the main challenge is no longer accessing data, but identifying the most relevant dataset for a given application. Currently, more than 15 global data centres provide sea level information, each tailored to different users and use cases (e.g., real‐time monitoring, delayed‐mode analysis, monthly means). For users unfamiliar with tide gauge data, selecting the appropriate source can be difficult. Tide Gauge CATalog (TGCAT) is a software tool developed to address this challenge. It helps users discover where specific tide gauge data are available and assists data providers and centres in identifying inconsistencies, such as misreferenced stations or discrepancies in metadata. TGCAT collects metadata from global and national sea level data centres to produce intercomparable catalogues. It also allows visualisation of data availability timelines across multiple sources. Written entirely in Python and linked to an online dashboard ( www.sonel.org/tgcat ), TGCAT is designed as an open, community‐based platform. Its goal is to improve data discoverability, support better referencing practices, and help users navigate the complex landscape of tide gauge data portals
Collection, handling and care of cephalopod eggs
No full textInternational audienceResearch on cephalopod early ontogeny has significantly advanced in recent decades, including embryo organogenesis and neurogenesis and early behavioural adaptations, particularly in commercially important and coastal species. Within this context, here we compiled current knowledge on the collection, handling and care under experimental conditions and monitoring in the field of cephalopod eggs and egg masses. It covers field observations and egg collection methods, as well as laboratory incubation protocols for eggs maintained with and without maternal care. It is emphasized how abiotic and biotic factors, including temperature, salinity, oxygen and maternal condition, shape embryonic development and hatchling survival and viability. Monitoring methods for cephalopod egg masses in the wild and the effects of natural threats such as storms and predators are reviewed. Anthropogenic impacts such as pollution, fisheries and climate change are also discussed. Technological advances have enabled finer analysis of neural development as the embryo grows, while ethical considerations regarding embryonic sentience capacity and welfare conditions are becoming central to current experimental designs. Based on current knowledge, it is recommended to apply ethical considerations and the 3Rs principle (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) for cephalopod embryos following the onset of organogenesis. Thus, a list of potential indicators of health and welfare that could be used for assessing and monitoring cephalopod embryos and hatchlings is proposed. Overall, this synthesis aims to serve as a guide for advancing egg collection and laboratory incubation methodologies, as well as adopting ethical handling protocols to improve cephalopod embryo care and quality
Life-cycle performance prediction and interpretation for coastal and marine prestressed concrete beams using active learning-enhanced Bayesian neural networks
No full textInternational audienceIn marine environments, prestressed concrete (PC) structures suffer from chloride-induced deterioration, impacting their serviceability and safety. Traditional deterministic and semi-probabilistic methods inadequately address the deteriorating mechanisms and uncertainties in environmental, material, and structural parameters, hindering accurate structural performance predictions. This study introduces an active learning-enhanced Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) framework for predicting the life-cycle performance and reliability of PC beams in coastal environments. The BNN is trained on a dataset generated via Latin Hypercube Sampling from a comprehensive model ensuring representative input. The active learning component strategically selects the most informative points, enhancing modeling accuracy and efficiency. The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is chosen for a case study of PC hollow beams. A life-cycle prediction model for PC structures was developed, considering pitting effects on the geometry, mechanical, and bond properties of prestressing bars, etc. Finally, time-dependent reliability analysis is performed using the surrogate model and Monte Carlo simulation. Results indicate that the BNN achieves high accuracy with active learning. SHAP analysis identifies key factors affecting the behaviors of PC beams, highlighting the importance of material properties and environmental conditions. Also, reliability analysis emphasizes the impact of two-dimensional transport on structural reliability
Determination of the Effective Permeabilities in Partially Saturated Porous Media, Using the Periodic Homogenization Technique
No full textInternational audienceAbstract In this study, we address determination of the effective permeabilities in rigid, partially saturated porous media for an immiscible two-phase Newtonian fluid flow. The periodic homogenization technique is applied to derive macroscopic flow laws for two-phase systems from the pore-scale Navier–Stokes equations governing immiscible fluids. Two distinguished cases are considered: two incompressible fluids (case 1) and an incompressible fluid with a compressible one (case 2). In both cases, the homogenized result shows the independence of the macroscopic laws and the closure problems on the fluid compressibility, except for the macroscopic mass conservation equation. Finally, numerical simulations are performed by solving the closure problems for a given interface position determined from the phase-field simulations, in order to analyze the role of each effective permeability in the generalized Darcy’s law for several fluid mixtures and different porosity. The numerical results offer insights into the influence of microstructure, fluid properties, and capillary bridge distribution on the effective permeabilities