127,105 research outputs found
Rising Wage Inequality in Germany
No full textThis paper investigates the evolution of wages and the recent tendency to rising wage inequality in Germany, based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) for 1984 to 2004. Between 1984 and 1994 the wage distribution was fairly stable. Wage inequality started to increase around 1994 in Germany for all workers and for prime age dependent male workers as well. Rising inequality is not the result of the recent rise in self-employment. In West Germany rising inequality occurred in the lower part of the wage distribution, in East Germany in the upper part of the wage distribution. While residual wage inequality accounted for two-thirds of rising wage inequality in West Germany, in East Germany price effects dominated. In West Germany the group of workers with low tenure experienced higher inequality. --Education,tenure,skill composition,wage inequality,wage rigidity
Report of the AHG on MPEG-7 Semantic Information Representation
No full textThis AHG has been created at the last MPEG meeting in Maui to work in parallel with the CE experiment on the Semantic DS, so as to continue the refinement, both in terms of significance, usage and syntax of the DS’s that have been proposed during the Maui meeting [2] . Following the discussions on the email reflector, the results of a meeting of the US delegation in February and of the discussion during the AHG meeting Mar. 19th, 2000, in Noordwijkerhout, some clarifications were made, though a total convergence has not yet been reached. During the US delagate meeting, an alternative syntax had also been proposed for consideration of the continuation of the CE; it is likely that this will lead to the formulation of competitive solutions to select the best syntax and elementary components of the Semantic DS during the CE process to follow after the 51st MPEG meeting. Below, some listings of the discussions that took place, in reference to the individual mandates of this AHG
Understanding Rising Income Inequality in Germany
No full textWe examine the causes for rising income inequality in Europe’s most populous economy. From 2000 to 2006, Germany experienced an unprecedented rise in net equivalized income inequality and poverty. At the same time, unemployment rose to record levels and there was evidence for a widening distribution of labour market returns, as well as that of other market incomes. Other factors that possibly contributed to the rise in income inequality were changes in the tax system, changes in the household structure (in particular the rising share of single parent households), and changes in other socio-economic characteristics (e.g. age or education). We address the question of which factors were the main drivers of the observed inequality increase. Our results suggest that most of the increase can be explained by both changes in employment outcomes and in market returns, and, to a similar extent, by changes in the tax system. Changes in household structures and other household characteristics seem to have played a much smaller role. Put into an international perspective, our results suggest that rising income inequality in non-Anglo-Saxon countries is the likely result of both increasing inequality in market returns and increasing inequality in employment outcomes, as well as of idiosyncratic changes such as tax reforms.unemployment, poverty, income inequality, kernel density estimation
Rising Wage Inequality: The Role of Composition and Prices
No full textDuring the early 1980s, earnings inequality in the U. S. labor market rose relatively uniformly throughout the wage distribution. But this uniformity gave way to a significant divergence starting in 1987, with upper-tail (90/50) inequality rising steadily and lower tail (50/10) inequality either flattening or compressing for the next 16 years (1987 to 2003). This paper applies and extends a quantile decomposition technique proposed by Machado and Mata (2005) to evaluate the role of changing labor force composition (in terms of education and experience) and changing labor market prices to the expansion and subsequent divergence of upper- and lower-tail inequality over the last three decades We show that the extended Machado-Mata quantile decomposition corrects shortcomings of the original Juhn-Murphy-Pierce (1993) full distribution accounting method and nests the kernel reweighting approach proposed by DiNardo, Fortin and Lemieux (1996). Our analysis reveals that shifts in labor force composition have positively impacted earnings inequality during the 1990s. But these compositional shifts have primarily operated on the lower half of the earnings distribution by muting a contemporaneous, countervailing lower-tail price compression. The steady rise of upper tail inequality since the late 1970s appears almost entirely explained by ongoing between-group price changes (particularly increasing wage differentials by education) and residual price changes.
Rising Wage Inequality: The Role of Composition and Prices
No full textDuring the early 1980s, earnings inequality in the U.S. labor market rose relatively uniformly throughout the wage distribution. But this uniformity gave way to a significant divergence starting in 1987, with upper-tail (90/50) inequality rising steadily and lower tail (50/10) inequality either flattening or compressing for the next 16 years (1987 to 2003). This paper applies and extends a quantile decomposition technique proposed by Machado and Mata (2005) to evaluate the role of changing labor force composition (in terms of education and experience) and changing labor market prices to the expansion and subsequent divergence of upper- and lower-tail inequality over the last three decades We show that the extended Machado-Mata quantile decomposition corrects shortcomings of the original Juhn-Murphy-Pierce (1993) full distribution accounting method and nests the kernel reweighting approach proposed by DiNardo, Fortin and Lemieux (1996). Our analysis reveals that shifts in labor force composition have positively impacted earnings inequality during the 1990s. But these compositional shifts have primarily operated on the lower half of the earnings distribution by muting a contemporaneous, countervailing lower-tail price compression. The steady rise of upper tail inequality since the late 1970s appears almost entirely explained by ongoing between-group price changes (particularly increasing wage differentials by education) and residual price changes.
RISING: Gamma-ray Spectroscopy with Radioactive Beams at GSI
No full textInternational audienceThe Rare Isotope Spectroscopic INvestigation at GSI (RISING) project is a major pan-European collaboration. Its physics aims are the studies of exotic nuclear matter with abnormal proton-to-neutron ratios compared with naturally occurring isotopes. RISING combines the FRagment Separator (FRS) which allows relativistic energies and projectile fragmentation reactions with EUROBALL Ge Cluster detectors for spectroscopic research. The RISING setup can be used in two different configurations. Either the nuclei of interest are investigated after being stopped or the heavy ions hit a secondary target at relativistic energies and the thereby occurring excitations are studied. For the latter case, MINIBALL Ge detectors and the HECTOR array are used in addition. Example achievements of the Fast Beam setup are presented and compared to various shell model calculations, while for the Stopped Beam setup initial results are shown
Rising Wage Inequality in Germany
No full textBased on samples from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) 1984 to 2004, this paper investigates the evolution of wages and wage inequality in Germany. Between 1984 and 1994 wages for prime age dependent male workers increased on average by 23 percent and the wage distribution in West Germany was fairly stable. Between 1994 and 2004 average wages rose by about 8 percent in West Germany and 28 percent in East Germany. In this period wage inequality for prime age dependent males, measured by the ratio of the ninetieth to tenth percentile of the wage distribution, increased from 2.1 to 2.5 in West Germany and from 2.3 to 2.9 in East Germany. In West Germany rising wage inequality has occurred mainly in the lower part of the wage distribution, whereas in East Germany wage inequality predominantly rose in the upper part of the wage distribution. In West Germany the group of workers with low tenure experienced higher increases in wage inequality.Tenure, skill composition, wage inequality, wage rigidity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dynamics of a high-Reynolds-number bubble rising within a thin gap
No full textWe report an experimental analysis of path and shape oscillations of an air bubble of diameter d rising in water at high Reynolds number in a vertical Hele-Shaw cell of width h. Liquid velocity perturbations induced by the relative movement have also been investigated to analyze the coupling between the bubble motion and the wake dynamics. The confinement ratio h/d is lower than unity so that the bubble is flattened in between the walls of the cell. As the bubble diameter is increased, the Archimedes and the Bond numbers increase within 10 6 Ar 6 104 and 6 × 10−3 6 Bo 6 140. Mean shapes become more and more elongated. They first evolve from in-plane circles to ellipses, then to complicated shapes without fore-aft symmetry and finally to semi-circular capped bubbles. The scaling law Re = 0.5Ar is however valid for a large range of Ar, indicating that the liquid films between the bubble and the walls do no contribute significantly to the drag force exerted on the bubble. The coupling between wake dynamics, bubble path and shape oscillations evolves and a succession of contrasted regimes of oscillations is observed. The rectilinear bubble motion becomes unstable from a critical value Ar1 through an Hopf bifurcation while the bubble shape is still circular. The amplitude of path
oscillations first grows as Ar increases above Ar1 but then surprisingly decreases beyond a second Archimedes number Ar2. This phenomenon, observed for steady ellipsoidal shape
with moderate eccentricity, can be explained by the rapid attenuation of bubble wakes caused by the confinement. Shape oscillations around a significantly elongated mean
shape starts for Ar > Ar3. The wake structure progressively evolves due to changes in the bubble shape. After the break-up of the fore-aft symmetry, a fourth regime involving
complicated shape oscillations is then observed for Ar > Ar4. Vortex shedding disappears and unsteady attached vortices coupled to shape oscillations trigger path oscillations of moderate amplitude. Path and shape oscillations finally decrease when Ar is further increased. For Ar > Ar5, capped bubbles followed by a steady wake rise on a straight path
Leveraging partnerships to assess library impact on undergraduate student learning via a longitudinal study
No full textFormative and summative assessment are traditional and effective methods of determining library impact on student learning, However, they are usually confined to a one-shot information literacy instruction (IL) session. One way to step out of the box and gain more information is to track students along their college career and into their graduate program to determine if they are retaining IL skills. The results of an ongoing longitudinal study of students will be presented in the form of a poster. McNair scholars are rising juniors and seniors who participate in library courses during the spring and summer. The author sought to find out 'Do McNair students retain research skills toward their ultimate goal of pursuing a doctoral degree?' In the second year of this 5 year study, 2 cohorts have been tracked through to their undergraduate courses and will continue into their graduate programs. This project is a part of the ACRL Assessment in Action: Academic Libraries and Student Success program. It supports institutional goals of our University, particularly the priority to transform the student experience through technology and support using university resource, which will increase the scholarship and research at the university. Demonstrating library impact on undergraduate student learning by leveraging our partnerships can inform how our work is assessed in our library system and can provide rich data to influence our future instruction endeavors
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