112 research outputs found
The Singer or the Song? Developments in Performers' Rights from the Perspective of a Cultural Economist
No full textOver the last century, performers gradually acquired statutory protection of their economic and moral
rights. These rights are not copyright in the legal sense but neighboring rights and until recently, they
were mainly remuneration rights that are collectively administered. With the WPPT (WIPO
Performers and Phonograms Treaty), performers now have individual exclusive rights for digital
performances; this leads to the question: what has motivated this change – is it a change in the
perception of the value of performer or a change brought about by the changing technology of copying or,
indeed, a change that reflects different economic costs and benefits? The paper discusses the role of
copyright law as an incentive to performers and asks if the economic role of the performer is so different
from that of the author. The conclusion is that a complex interaction of the legal regulations, economic
conditions and institutional arrangements for administering these new rights will determine the outcome
PENERAPAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER (NHT) DENGAN MEDIA GRAFIS DALAM PENINGKATAN PEMBELAJARAN IPS PADA SISWA KELAS V SDN TANJUNGREJO TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
No full textAbstract: The Application of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) Cooperative Model Using Graphic Media in Improving Social Science Learning for the Fifth Grade Students of SD Negeri Tanjungrejo in the Academic Year of 2015/2016. The objectives of this research is to improve social science learning for the fifth grade students. This research is a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted within three cycles. Each cycle consisted of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of this research showed that the application of Numbered Heads Together (NHT) cooperative model using graphic media can improve social science learning for the fifth grade students of SD Negeri Tanjungrejo in the academic year of 2015/2016. Keywords: Numbered Heads Together (NHT), graphic media, social science learning Abstrak: Penerapan Model Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) dengan Media Grafis dalam Peningkatan Pembelajaran IPS pada Siswa Kelas V SDN Tanjungrejo Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan pembelajaran IPS pada siswa kelas V. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model kooperatif tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT)dengan media grafis dapat meningkatkan pembelajaran IPS pada siswa kelas V SDN Tanjungrejo tahun ajaran 2015/2016. Kata Kunci : Numbered Heads Together (NHT), Media Grafis, Pembelajaran IPS
DESCONSTRUINDO A METAFICÇÃO: INFINITE JEST DE DAVID FOSTER WALLACE
No full textThe criticism made by contemporary American writer David Foster Wallace to metafictional techniques of postmodern literature in his non-fiction work can sound false in the perception of the Infinite Jest, considered his masterpiece, if we consider that metafiction is one of the main power lines of this novel. When we compared the view expounded by the author in various media with an analysis of part of Infinite Jest, however, it is possible to understand that the author uses a kind of "meta-metafiction" to deconstruct the traditional techniques of metafictional postmodern literature. Yet checked by analysis, the author condemns the mass entertainment, overly simple, proposing a middle ground between literature that is concerned with the entertaining and hermetic literature. Keywords: David Foster Wallace; Metafiction; Infinite JestAs críticas feitas pelo escritor contemporâneo norte-americano David Foster Wallace às técnicas metaficcionais da literatura pós-moderna em sua obra não fictícia podem soar falsas ante a percepção de que o romance Infinite Jest, que é considerado sua obra prima, encontra na metaficção uma de suas principais linhas de força. Ao confrontarmos a opinião exposta pelo autor em diversos meios com uma análise de parte do Infinite Jest, contudo, entendemos que o autor utiliza uma espécie de “meta-metaficção” para desconstruir as tradicionais técnicas metaficcionais da literatura pós-moderna. Verificamos ainda, através da análise, que o autor condena o entretenimento de massa, excessivamente simples, propondo um meio termo entre a literatura que se preocupa em entreter e a literatura mais hermética. Palavras-chave: David Foster Wallace; Metaficção; Infinite Jes
Ontology-Based Reflective Communication for Shared Human-AI Recognition of Emergent Collaboration Patterns
No full textWhen humans and AI-agents collaborate, they need to continuously learn about each other and the task. We propose a Team Design Pattern that utilizes adaptivity in the behavior of human and agent team partners, causing new Collaboration Patterns to emerge. Human-AI Co-Learning takes place when partners can formalize recognized patterns of collaboration in a commonly shared language, and can communicate with each other about these patterns. For this, we developed an ontology of Collaboration Patterns. An accompanying Graphical User Interface (GUI) enables partners to formalize and refine Collaboration Patterns, which can then be communicated to the partner. The ontology was evaluated empirically with human participants who viewed video recordings of joint human-agent activities. Participants were requested to identify Collaboration Patterns in the footage, and to formalize patterns by using the ontology’s GUI. Results show that the ontology supports humans to recognize and define Collaboration Patterns successfully. To improve the ontology, it is suggested to include pre- and post-conditions of tasks, as well as parallel actions of team members.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.BUS/TNO STAFFInteractive IntelligenceHuman-Robot Interactio
A reductive theory of justification and excuse
No full textLegal theorists commonly employ a distinction between justification defenses and excuse defenses, but there are significant theoretical disagreements about the nature of the distinction as well as about what the distinction entails. This dissertation is concerned with finding the best way to describe the distinction between the moral concepts of justification and excuse that underlie the concepts employed by legal theorists. Chapter 1 begins by examining moral defenses in general, with emphasis on their purpose, nature, function, and epistemology. Chapter 2 critically examines many of the traditional theoretical assumptions made about justification and excuse in the literature with the goal of winnowing them down to an uncontroversial core that can provide the foundation for a fuller, more specific account. Chapter 3 examines the ordinary language meaning of the words "justification" and "excuse" in order to identify any analytic constraints on what a correct theoretical account of justification and excuse may legitimately include. Finally, Chapter 4 offers and defends a reductive theory of justification and excuse which I call "the praise/blame theory." This theory identifies justified acts with those prima facie wrongful acts for which the actor is morally praiseworthy and excused acts with those prima facie wrongful acts for which the actor is merely not to blame. This simple account is consistent with the logical form of moral defenses, requires minimal elaboration on the terms' ordinary language content, avoids the conceptual mistakes that plague more traditional theories, and has the potential help resolve nagging theoretical issues in related fields.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 232-241)by Kyle David Haide
L’autore (quasi)-personaggio e altre identità mutevoli nella prosa romena postmodernista
No full textPresenterò in questo saggio alcuni aspetti che definiscono il personaggio nella letteratura romena degli anni ’80, ’90 del Novecento e dei primi anni 2000, ovvero il protagonista romanzesco che parla soprattutto in prima persona anzitutto all’interno del paradigma letterario creato in seno al postmodernismo romeno, che è stato il modello più innovativo, interessante e produttivo nella prosa degli ultimi decenni in Romania. Nel panorama della letteratura romena sul finire del Novecento, dominata dalla narrativa che si ispira alla biografia di chi scrive, l’analisi dell’homo fictus presuppone anche l’approfondimento di altre nozioni connesse alla costruzione narrativa e al rapporto che si stabilisce fra realtà e finzione. Nei testi esaminati nel saggio saranno indicati alcuni di alcuni nessi, dapprima nella prosa di Mircea Cărtărescu e in modo più sintetico in alcuni romanzi e racconti di Matei Vişniec e Ştefan Agopian. Ho privilegiato il personaggio-autore o meglio l’autore-personaggio, ma si potrà notare che tale binomio si carica di valenze molteplici e di sfumature che rendono meno certo e un po’ sfuggente agli occhi del lettore lo statuto della medesima copia di categorie critico-letterarie.In this paper I shall present some of the defining features of characterization in Romanian literature during the 80s and 90s of the 20thcentury, as well as the beginning of the 21stcentury. Namely, the first-person protagonist of a novel, above all within the literary paradigm created by Romanian Postmodernism, which has shown itself to be the most innovative, interesting and fruitful prose model in recent decades in Romania.In an overview of Romanian literature at the end of the 20thcentury, dominated by an autobiographical-driven style of fiction on the part of the author, an analysis of homo fictusalso presupposes the exploration of other ideas connected with the narrative artefact, along with the relationship established between reality and fiction. Some of these links will be indicated in the texts analysed in this paper, first in the prose of Mircea Cărtărescu and, in a more synthetic approach, in some novels and short stories by Matei Vişniec and Ştefan Agopian. I have focused on the character-author, or rather, the author-character; but it will be seen that this pairing is imbued with polysemous significance and nuances that, to the reader’s eyes, blur the framework of this duo of critical-literary categories, making them hazier and more difficult to grasp
Risky Business: Constructing the ‘choice’ to ‘delay’ motherhood in the British press
No full textOver the last few decades the number of women becoming pregnant later on in life has markedly increased. Medical experts have raised concerns about the increase in the number of women having babies later, owing to evidence that suggests that advancing maternal age is associated with both a decline in fertility and an increase in health risks to both mother and baby (Nwandison & Bewley, 2006). In recognition of these risks, experts have warned that women should aim to complete their families between the ages of twenty and thirty-five (Bewley, Davis and Braude, 2005). As a consequence, women giving birth past the age of thirty-five have typically been positioned as ‘older mothers.’ In this paper we used a social constructionist thematic analysis in order to analyse how ‘older mothers’ are represented in newspaper articles in the British press. We examined how the topics of ‘choice’ and ‘risk’ are handled in discussions of delayed motherhood, and found that the media position women as wholly responsible for choosing the timing of pregnancy and, as a consequence, as accountable for the associated risks. Moreover, we noted the newspapers also constructed a ‘right’ time for women to become pregnant. As such, we discuss the implications for the ability of women to make real choices surrounding the timing of pregnancy
Johan David Heinichen: tre cantante con cembalo concertante
No full textL’elemento connotativo delle cantate di Johann David Heinichen proposte per questa edizione è la presenza del cembalo concertante. Si tratta di Là dove in grembi al colle, Ebra d’amor fuggia e Mia Climene adorata e dovrebbero risalire al periodo trascorso da Heinichen a Venezia. Sono probabilmente legate alla sua frequentazione della cantante Angioletta Bianchi che, secondo quanto riferisce lo storico Johann Adam Hiller, apprezzava le cantate di Heinichen ed era in grado anche di eseguirne da sola la parte concertante al cembalo. Il testo della prima e della terza cantata è di argomento amoroso-pastorale, mentre quello della seconda torna sul tema, molto frequentato in ambito cantatistico, dell’Arianna abbandonata.Johann David Heinichen (1683-1729) is known mainly as a theorist, and the author of the celebrated treatise Der General-Bass in der Composition (Dresden, 1728). However he also composed several musical works such as operas, serenatas, sacred music, and a considerable group of Italian Cantatas, most of them with obbligato instruments.
The three cantatas presented in this critical edition feature the harpsichord in the double role of continuo and concertante instrument. In Là dove in grembo al colle, on a pastoral theme, the harpshichord part is almost a self-standing piece, rich in idiomatic figures and onomatopoeias.
Ebra d’amor fuggia in on the mythological subject of Ariadne abandoned by Theseus, a most common one in the classic repertory. This text enjoined a great popularity among musicians, and was set in music by other composers. In the aria-invective Heinichen uses the obbligato harpsichord, doubled sometimes by the cello. Mia Climene adorata, is a impassioned declaration of love in which there are solo passages for keyboard, ariosi according to 17th-century style, and more modern passages in the galant style
Geometry, working memory and intelligence
No full textGeometry is a fundamental part of mathematical learning. Since ancient time the study of geometry was considered as one of the most important subjects in school. In the arcade of the famous school of Athens, where Plato taught, it was written that entry was not permitted to people who did not know geometry. In the Renaissance period, geometry was part of the 'quadrivium', which was considered a needed work preparatory for a serious study of philosophy. Nevertheless, despite geometry is one of the main areas of mathematical learning, the cognitive processes underlying geometry-related academic achievement have not been studied in detail.
The present dissertation has three important aims. First, to investigate the relationship between various aspects of geometry and visuospatial working memory (VSWM). Second, to investigate whether the children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) symptoms present difficulties in various aspects of geometry. Third, to investigate the relationship between various aspect of geometry, working memory (WM) and intelligence (g).
In the second chapter, a general overview of the relationship between geometry, WM and g is provided. Since geometry concerns the study of the space, it requires a particular involvement of spatial abilities. Thus, WM, and in particular VSWM should be crucially involved. In addition, solving geometrical problems requires to reason and to find out a solution among various alternatives. Thus, g should be crucially involved in solving geometrical problems.
In the third chapter, the relationship between academic achievement in geometry, intuitive geometry (i.e., a part of geometry which seems to be independent from the culture), and VSWM will be examined. Two studies will be presented.
In the first study, the involvement of VSWM in intuitive geometry and in school performance in geometry at secondary school was tested. A total of 166 pupils were administered: (1) six VSWM tasks, comprising simple storage and complex span tasks; (2) the intuitive geometry task devised by Dehaene, Izard, Pica, and Spelke (2006), which distinguishes between core, presumably independent form the culture, and culturally-mediated principles of geometry; and (3) a task measuring academic achievement in geometry.
In the second study, VSWM and intuitive geometry were examined in two groups aged 1113; one with children displaying symptoms of NLD, and the other, a control group without learning disabilities. The two groups were matched for general verbal abilities, age, gender, and socioeconomic level. The children were presented with simple storage and complex-span tasks involving VSWM and with the intuitive geometry task devised by Dehaene and colleagues (Dehaene et al., 2006).
In the fourth chapter, we report a study on the relationship between geometry, WM, and intelligence aimed to find out the model of WM which provided the best fit to the data and to examine the strength of the relations between WM and intelligence (part I) and the relationship between geometry (intuitive geometry and geometrical achievement), WM and g testing several models (part II).
In the last chapter a general overview of the important theoretical and applied implications of the three studies will be discussed. The limits of the present dissertation and possible future researches will also be outline
La prima traduzione francese della “Vita Nuova” nell’opera dell’italianista Étienne-Jean Delécluze
No full textA pupil of Jacques-Louis David and painter himself, étienne-Jean Delécluze is better known as classicist art critic for the «Journal des Débats» and the «Moniteur Universel», as the author of histories of art and a book on David. Yet his interest in Italian culture ranged from painting to literature, and his studies on Italian poetry convinced him to traduce Dante’s Vita Nuova in French. So, among French xixth century ‘italianisants’ Delécluze is certainly one of those who contributed to diffuse the knowledge of Dante’s minor or forgotten works in France. His translation of the Vita Nuova was published in 1843, after a long work, and immediately encountered great appreciation among critics, both in France and in Italy. Reprints were accompanied by insightful excerpts of criticism where Delécluze gave proof of a good critical competence of Dante’s poetics too
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