82,381 research outputs found
A sociologia antropocêntrica de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos
No full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia Política.No elenco das diferentes modalidades de estudos que sobre o pensamento sociológico de Alberto Guerreiro Ramos já foram realizadas, esta tese se coloca como uma possibilidade de interpretação que propicie aclarar, não as pontualidades temáticas ou as respostas aos problemas contingentes a que este sociólogo se propôs pensar, mas a coerência de suas crenças no tempo. Segundo pensamos, esta interpretação pautada na coerência das crenças guerreirianas pode trazer elucidações fundamentais acerca do alcance, do sentido e da finalidade da construção teórica à qual ele se dedicou, dos principais conceitos, modelos e proposituras por ele construídas, bem como permite justificar a mobilização e apropriação de conceitos e correntes teóricas por ele procedidas. Neste sentido, a tese que aqui se apresenta defende que há, no conjunto da obra de Guerreiro Ramos, uma forte crença da premência de um novo humanismo e, em termos correlatos, de um novo tipo humano, a partir dos quais seria possível teorizar sobre a vida humana individual e associada. Uma expressão marcante dessa crença do autor está na preocupação e no pressuposto por ele assumidos de que a sociedade deveria ser vertida ao homem, e não o inverso. Esta crença tem seu correspondente na afirmativa de Protágoras, e com a qual Aristóteles estava de pleno acordo: anthrôpos metro panthô chrématon (o homem é a medida de todas as coisas humanas). Munido deste humanismo radical, nosso sociólogo passou em revista os pressupostos sobre o homem que legitimavam a ciência social de sua época, denunciou os principais obstáculos sociais impeditivos de um processo de humanização e articulou a sua proposta de uma nova ciência do social. É neste sentido que afirmamos ser antropocêntrica a sociologia de Guerreiro Ramos. Esta pesquisa, assim, atenta para uma questão que até agora é inédita, tendo-se em conta todos os trabalhos que trataram da obra ou dos estudos de Guerreiro Ramos. Several studies about Ramos#s sociological thought have been written in Brazil. The purpose of this dissertation is to be an interpretation to clarify some elements that support the Ramos#s coherence of beliefs in time. This coherence exists in all Ramos#s work, since his juvenile papers until his last book. We believe that our interpretation can be help in the understanding of the reach, of the meaning, and of the final aim of his theoretical work or of his concepts, models, and sociological proposals. Also we believe that our interpretation can help in the understanding of his displacement of concepts and filiations with currents of thought. In this dissertation we demonstrated that there is in the Ramos#s works a strong belief in the urgency of a new humanism, and a new human type, starting from which would be possible to theorize about the individual and associated human life, in others words, a humanism which the man was the measure of everything. An example of this is his concern and presupposition that the society should be structured for the man and not the opposite. With this radical humanist point of view, Ramos revised the man presupposition of the social science of his time, denounced the main social obstacles to the humanization process, and proposed a new science of social. In this way, we affirm that the Ramos#s sociological thought is anthrophocentric
Achirus mucuri Ramos, Ramos & Lopes, 2009, n. sp.
No full textAchirus mucuri n. sp. Figs. 1, 2 a,c, and 3 a–b, d–e, j, l Holotype: UFPB 6101, 90.3 mm SL. Brazil, Bahia, Mucuri, estuary of the Mucuri River; approximate geographic coordinates: 18 º 05’ 15 ’’ S, 39 º 33 ’ 53 ’’ W, 20 August 2001, collected by Cláudio L. S. Sampaio and Frederico D. Fernandes with beach seine. Paratypes: From the Mucuri River estuary, Mucuri, Bahia state, Brazil: LIUEFS 4456 (1), 76.7 mm SL; LIUEFS 4457 (1), 78.9 mm SL; September, 1999, collected by F. D. Fernandes with beach seine. UFPB 6102, (2), 74.5 – 76.8 mm SL; collected with holotype. UFPB 6130 (3, 1 C & S, 2 alcohol; both alcohol-preserved specimens have connection between branchiostegal membrane and isthmus damaged), 70.2 – 79.6 mm SL; UFPB 6515 (1, C & S, partially disarticulated), 69.4 mm SL; Jun 2000, collected by F. D. Fernandes with beach seine. MZUSP 93253, (1) 73,0 mm SL; collected with holotype. MZUSP 93254 (1) 72.7 mm SL; September 1999, collected by F. D. Fernandes. USNM 389553 (1), 82,0 mm SL; collected with holotype. USNM 389554 (1), 75.1 SL (connection between branchiostegal membrane and isthmus damaged); 20 June 2000, collected by F. D. Fernandes with beach seine. From Porto Alegre (Mucuri and environs), Bahia state, Brazil: MCZ 11440 (1), 72.8 mm SL; 18 º 5 ’ S and 39 º 36 ’ W; 1866, collected by C. F. Hart & E. Copeland. Nontypes: From the Mucuri River estuary, Mucuri, Bahia state, Brazil: LIUEFS 4454, (1), 76.7 mm SL; September 1999, collected by C. L. S. Sampaio and F. D. Fernandes. LIUEFS 5076 (2), 70.7–72.9 mm SL; September 2000, collected by C. L. S. Sampaio and F. D. Fernandes. Diagnosis: Achirus mucuri n. sp. (Fig. 1) is distinguished from all its congeners, except A. novoae, by possessing a connection on both the blind and ocular sides between the branchiostegal membrane and the isthmus (Fig. 2 a), with the connection being slightly stronger on the blind side (vs. complete absence of connections between branchiostegal membranes and isthmus – Fig. 2 b). Additionally, the new species is distinguished from its congeners by having a light-brown body color, with regularly-scattered, minute, darkbrown blotches that are sometimes concentrated to form larger spots. Five specimens differed from the typical light-brown body color in having a brownish-gray background, and one specimen showed brownish-white body pigmentation. The new species differs from A. novoae by the presence of a large, ramified labial fimbriae (Fig. 3 a–b) (vs. simple, non-ramified, minute labial fimbriae in A. novoae, Fig. 3 c) and by the shape of the infraorbital canal (extending around ventral margin of fixed eye, Fig. 2 c) (vs. infraorbital canal that stops dorsal to fixed eye in A. novoae, Fig. 2 d). Description: Body ovate. Eye comparatively large, its diameter approximately twice the interorbital space. Eyed-side anterior nostril short, its length equal to its diameter, with a small notch on its anterior wall, and very short fimbriae on its margin. Blind-side posterior nostril with thin skin, wide opening, its diameter equal or nearly equal to greatest width of nostril tube (Fig. 3 d–e); two specimens (including holotype) with slightly narrower nostril opening than remaining specimens. Length of labial fimbriae not exceeding that of anterior nostril, and forming stalk supporting two to five ramifications of similar size (Fig. 3 a); some fimbriae with additional ramifications emerging from base of stalk (Fig. 3 b). One to five non-ramified fimbriae close to mouth corner, and one or two close to mandibular symphysis. Lower lip and its fimbriae cover upper lip when mouth closed. Cirri (Fig. 3 f) present on upper lip, and scattered on nasal area. Ventral margin of nasal area also with cirri, and with one or more small fringes (Fig. 3 g–h) on this margin, close to anterior end of nasal area. Branchiostegal membrane slightly connected to isthmus, very weakly on eyed-side of head. Supratemporal canal and epiphyseal branch of latero-sensory cephalic canal system conspicuous. Supratemporal canal arched posteriorly, extending dorsally (Fig. 2 c); epiphyseal branch extending anteriorly and dorsally, its proximal part close and parallel to migrated eye, its distal end almost reaching dorsal-fin base (Fig. 2 c); orientation of both canals can be slightly displaced dorsally or ventrally relative to position represented in Figure 2 c. Other canals with a typical pattern of other achirid species (except A. novoae for infraorbital canal), as stated and illustrated (Fig. 1) by Ramos (2003 b); holotype with uncommon external connection between distal end of infraorbital canal (at ventral margin of fixed eye) and ventral portion of preopercular canal. Dorsal-fin rays 48–57; anal-fin rays 38–42; eyed-side pectoral-fin rays 3–6, blind-side pectoral-fin rays absent; eyed-side pelvic-fin rays 5, blind-side pelvic-fin rays 4–5; caudal-fin rays 13–16. Total vertebrae 27: precaudal vertebrae 9, caudal vertebrae 18. Supracranial proximal radials 6. Longitudinal series of scales 57–62. Morphometric data shown in Table 1. Eyed side. All scales ctenoid, absent from nasal area, lips, margin of preopercle, margin of gill opening, and inter-radial membranes. Dorsal-, anal- and pelvic-fin rays with series of larger scales along their posterior margins. Larger scales preceded by two series of irregularly ordered, smaller scales that extend only on proximal half of each ray; posteriormost rays support only one or two incomplete series of scales. Dark brown cirri present on lateral surfaces of dorsal-, pelvic-, and anal-fin rays, and scattered on trunk, more evident on darkly-pigmented areas. Lateral-line on trunk with simple (non-ramified) tubes. Blind side. All scales ctenoid, absent from nasal area, lips, margin of preopercle, margin of gill opening, central region of opercular area, and inter-radial membranes. Fringes with a large, rounded basal flap (Fig. 3 i) and cirri in relatively small numbers, present only on head, more numerous on anterior margin of supracranial and infracranial areas, nasal area, and around mouth. Cirri rare or absent on trunk, except for regularly-spaced cirri along anterior third of lateral-line; cirri replaced by paired or unpaired small fringes on meddle and posterior third of lateral line. Fringes and cirri present on posterior margin of each dorsal-fin ray; more numerous on those in anterior one-third of fin. Fringes and cirri reduced in number posteriorly, and absent on posteriormost rays. Cirri present on all pelvic-fin rays, and on rays of anterior one-third of anal fin. Lateral line dermal tubes on trunk, when present, minute. Coloration: General body coloration usually light brown to light gray, occasionally (one specimen) brownish-white. Regularly-scattered, minute, dark-brown blotches present on head, trunk and fins and sometimes concentrated to form larger spots. Seven specimens (including holotype) with dark-brown irregular blotches on blind-side caudal-fin base. Vertical lines of chromatophores (achirine lines) faint, sometimes not visible. Coloration on fins more pronounced on rays than interradial membranes, but fins generally of a uniformly pale pigmentation similar to that of body. Distribution: Achirus mucuri n. sp is known only from the Mucuri River estuary, a small system situated between the Jequitinhonha and Doce rivers, south of Bahia state coast drainage, northeastern Brazil. Habitat: No data exist regarding its habitat preferences within the estuarine environment.Published as part of Ramos, Robson T. C., Ramos, Telton P. A. & Lopes, Paulo R. D., 2009, New species of Achirus (Pleuronectiformes: Achiridae) from Northeastern Brazil, pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 2113 on pages 56-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18792
Angústia, de Graciliano Ramos e a deformação expressionista
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura.Este trabalho procura mostrar que a visão distorcida da realidade, própria da arte moderna, não se restringe às artes plásticas. Essa visão, representante de um outro modo de olhar e sobretudo ver o real, encontrou também na obra literária possibilidades de se externar. Angústia, de Graciliano Ramos, inscreve-se na Literatura Brasileira como um romance rico em imagens resultantes da visão deturpada de um narrador em conflito consigo mesmo. A narrativa de Luís da Silva é analisada a partir do poder de visualização do narrador - em seus aspectos subjetivos e sua expressividade - em seus pontos de contato com a pintura expressionista, de modo especial com O Grito, de Edvard Munch
Pelas ruas do Rio de Janeiro. Dois (ou três?) olhares estrangeiros: Henry Chamberlain e Jean-Baptiste Debret
No full textAnalisi della rappresentazione della città di Rio de Janeiro nei primi due decenni del secolo XIX, con particolare riferimento a Jean-Baptiste Debret, Henry Chamberlain, Joaquim Guillobel
Charged hadrons in local finite-volume QED+QCD with C* boundary conditions
No full textIn order to calculate QED corrections to hadronic physical quantities by means of lattice simulations, a coherent description of electrically-charged states in finite volume is needed. In the usual periodic setup, Gauss's law and large gauge transformations forbid the propagation of electrically-charged states. A possible solution to this problem, which does not violate the axioms of local quantum field theory, has been proposed by Wiese and Polley, and is based on the use of C* boundary conditions. We present a thorough analysis of the properties and symmetries of QED in isolation and QED coupled to QCD, with C* boundary conditions. In particular we learn that a certain class of electrically-charged states can be constructed in this setup in a fully consistent fashion, without relying on gauge fixing. We argue that this class of states covers most of the interesting phenomenological applications in the framework of numerical simulations. We also calculate finite-volume corrections to the mass of stable charged particles and show that these are much smaller than in non-local formulations of QED.In order to calculate QED corrections to hadronic physical quantities by means of lattice simulations, a coherent description of electrically-charged states in finite volume is needed. In the usual periodic setup, Gauss’s law and large gauge transformations forbid the propagation of electrically-charged states. A possible solution to this problem, which does not violate the axioms of local quantum field theory, has been proposed by Wiese and Polley, and is based on the use of C boundary conditions. We present a thorough analysis of the properties and symmetries of QED in isolation and QED coupled to QCD, with C boundary conditions. In particular we learn that a certain class of electrically-charged states can be constructed in a fully consistent fashion without relying on gauge fixing and without peculiar complications. This class includes single particle states of most stable hadrons. We also calculate finite-volume corrections to the mass of stable charged particles and show that these are much smaller than in non-local formulations of QED.In order to calculate QED corrections to hadronic physical quantities by means of lattice simulations, a coherent description of electrically-charged states in finite volume is needed. In the usual periodic setup, Gauss's law and large gauge transformations forbid the propagation of electrically-charged states. A possible solution to this problem, which does not violate the axioms of local quantum field theory, has been proposed by Wiese and Polley, and is based on the use of C* boundary conditions. We present a thorough analysis of the properties and symmetries of QED in isolation and QED coupled to QCD, with C* boundary conditions. In particular we learn that a certain class of electrically-charged states can be constructed in this setup in a fully consistent fashion, without relying on gauge fixing. We argue that this class of states covers most of the interesting phenomenological applications in the framework of numerical simulations. We also calculate finite-volume corrections to the mass of stable charged particles and show that these are much smaller than in non-local formulations of QED
Não-preferência e viviposição de Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) em folhas de aceroleira tratadas com caulim.
No full textO pulgão-preto, Taxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), ataca plantas de aceroleira (Malpighia emarginata Sessé & Moc. ex DC.), sugando a parte apical dos ramos, provocando o murchamento e morte da planta. A utilização do caulim pode ser uma opção viável de manejo da praga. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a não-preferência de ninfas de 1° ínstar de T. citricida e viviposição do inseto em folhas de aceroleira com diferentes concentrações de caulim. Realizaram-se dois testes: não-preferência e viviposição. Os testes foram conduzidos na Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical (temp.25=1°C, U.R. 78=3%, fotofase 12h), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamento e dez repetições (não-preferência) e seis repetições (viviposição). Os tratamentos foram: 0%, 2,5%, 5,0% e 7,5% de caulim/litro. Seções foliares de 2,2cm de diâmetro foram coletadas e imersas três vezes nas concentrações utilizadas, com intervalos de cinco minutos, por dois segundos cada imersão. Em ambos os testes, as avaliações foram realizadas 24h após a instalação. No primeiro teste, adultos de T. citricida foram coletados com 24h de antecedência para obtenção de ninfas de 1° ínstar. As seções, após secagem, foram colocadas em placas de Petri (14cm de diâmetro) e distribuídas equidistantemente. No centro da placa foram introduzidas 20 ninfas de 1° ínstar. Para viviposição, as seções, após secagem, foram individualizadas em placas de Petri (5,5cm de diâmetro). Três adultos de T. citricida foram inseridos em cada placa. As placas foram revestidas com filme plástico e mantidas em B.O.D, para ambos os testes. As variáveis avaliadas foram: o número de insetos e ninfas geradas para não-preferência e viviposição, respectivamente. Os dados foram submetidos á análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). No teste de não-preferência, o tratamento a 5% diferiu da testemunha, reduzindo o número de insetos. Não se constatou diferença significativa entre os demais tratamentos e a testemunha. Para a viviposição, as concentrações de 5% e 7,5% não difereriram estaticamente entre si, porém diferiram, da testemunha. As seções não tratadas proporcionaram maior atratividade e fecundidade do inseto
Cercopithifilaria bainae in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks from dogs in Brazil
No full textRhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) ticks act as intermediate host for a range of canine vector-borne pathogens, including nematodes ranked in the genus Cercopithifilaria. Though being the object of several studies in the last years, information on the distribution of these parasites is still lacking. In this study, the occurrence of Cercopithifilaria spp. was investigated in on-host population of R. sanguineus s.l. collected from naturally infested dogs. Ticks (n = 1906, including one larva, 294 nymphs and 1611 adults) were sampled on domestic dogs (n = 155) living in the municipality of Garanhuns (northeastern Brazil). Tick collections (n = 36) were performed every 8 days, from October 2015 to June 2016. Filarioid larvae detected at tick dissection were morphologically and morphometrically identified at species level. At the end of the study, only R. sanguineus s.l. ticks were collected, with the highest number in January 2016 (n = 254) and the lowest in June 2016 (n = 26). Out of 1906 dissected ticks, 2.68% (51/1906) harboured Cercopithifilaria bainae larvae, whose identification was molecularly confirmed, with a nucleotide identity of 99% with C. bainae. Data here reported indicate that, in the study area, R. sanguineus s.l. is the predominant tick infesting domestic dogs. Accordingly, these animals are at a high risk of C. bainae infection
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
O. A. C. Review Volume XLVI Issue 5, February 1934
No full textThe focus of this issue is the preparation for College Royal and recognizing its tenth anniversary. This month's agricultural article is a report from the Dominion Parasite Laboratory on the biological control of pests. Other articles provide an account of the activities of a stage manager and the development of the field of home economics at Macdonald College in Quebec. Campus news addresses the success of the 1934 Conversazione, the commemorating of the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of O. A. C., the attendance at the Canadian Author Lecture, and the successful productions of "The Apple Cart" and "Iolanthe". The Macdonald Institute column comments on the Conversat and women's athletics activities in basketball and the rifle club. The Alumni Record supplies alumni updates.EditorialTen Years of the RoyalRamblings on the RoyalBlame it on the stage managerBiological control of insect pests in CanadaNot for girls onlyCollege lifeLiterary sectionO. A. C. sportsfolioAlumni recordMacdonald newsLetters to the editoradvertisin
Rhizoecus colombiensis Ramos & Caballero, sp. n.
No full text<i>Rhizoecus colombiensis</i> Ramos & Caballero sp. n. <p> <b>Etymology</b>. The name of this species comes from Colombia, the country of the Type locality.</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. <b>Holotype:</b> <i>Rhizoecus colombiensis</i> Ramos & Caballero sp. n. Adult female. <b>Colombia</b>, Nariño, Yacuanquer, Vda. Mejía, 01°07′24″N, 77°23′15″W, 2792 m a.s.l., 05–i–2013, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Holcus</i> sp. (Poaceae), ♀1, UNAB. <b>Paratypes:</b> ♀11. <b>Colombia</b>, Caldas, Chinchiná, Casco Urbano, 04°59′00″N, 75°37′00″W, 1355 m a.s.l., 25–x–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Coffea arabica</i> (Rubiaceae), ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Manizales, Vda. Bajo Tablazo, Fca. María Auxiliadora, 05°01′00″N, 75°32′00″W, 1290 m a.s.l., 12–vi–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Plantago major</i> (Plantaginaceae), ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Palestina, Vda. La Ínsula, 04°59′34″N, 75°38′15″W, 1331 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012, coll. A. Caballero, ex. soil, ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El crucero, Fca. El Porvenir, 05º05′45″N, 75º27′00″W, 1418 m a.s.l., 16–viii– 2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Paspalum notatum</i> (Poaceae), ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, San José, Vda. La Ciénega, Fca. El Reposo, 05º04′23″N, 75º28′00″W, 1678 m a.s.l., 23–viii–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Cyperus ferax</i> (Cyperaceae), ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. Alto Arroyo, Fca. Los Sauces, 05°01′00″N, 75°18′41″W, 1870 m a.s.l., 12–vi–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos., ex. Roots of <i>Coffea arabica</i> (Rubiaceae), ♀1, UNAB. Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. El Destierro, 25–x–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Conyza bonaeriensis</i> (Asteraceae), ♀2, UNAB. Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. El Destierro, 04°58'44″N, 75°32′26″W, 1611 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Eleusine indica</i> (Poaceae), ♀1, CTNI. Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. El Destierro, 04°58′41″N, 75°32′26″W, 1611 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of Cyperaceae, ♀1, MEFLG. Nariño, Yacuanquer, Vda. Mejía, 01°07′00″N, 77°23′57″W, 2700 m a.s.l., 5–i–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Holcus</i> sp. (Poaceae), ♀1, MEFLG.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Description made from 12 type slides.</p> <p>Body (Figure1) oval, elongate, oblong, 1.2 (0.9–1.9) mm long, 0.6 (0.5–1.0) mm wide. [Note: figure 1 shows shape of slide mounted specimen.].</p> <p> <b>Venter. Eye</b> large, diameter=9 (8–11), protruded (protrution 9 (6–9)). <b>Cephalic plate</b> present (Figure 2 A), subtriangular (subtriangular to oval), 18 (17–33) long; 36 (34–56) wide, two lateral setae (2–3); vacuoles not observed on holotype (two, tenuous). <b>Clypeolabral shield</b> 119 (98–125) long, 92 (78–104) wide. <b>Labium</b> 85 (71– 89) long (Figure 2 B). <b>Antenna</b> 6-segmented; 176 (146–187) long, 30 (29–45) wide. Antennal segment I 47 (36– 52) long, 51 (44–62) wide, Antennal segment II 25 (19–27) long, 29 (27–39) wide; Antennal segment III 21 (20– 34) long, 32 (21–38) wide; Antennal segment IV 16 (16–23) long, 33 (30–41) wide; Antennal segment V 16 (13– 22) long, 35 (32–42) wide; Antennal segment VI 51 (29–51) long, 30 (29–45) wide. Antennal segment III with 5 (5) setae, flagellate, arranged on a single row. Proximal fleshy sensorial setae, falciform, 26 (21–28) long, slightly slimmer than other fleshy setae and sometimes slightly broader proximally. Ratio of length to width of antenna: 5:1 (4:1–9:1). <b>Legs:</b> fore leg 155 (113–155) long, mid leg 262 (215–286) long, hind leg 318 (264–335) long. Fore femur 110 (88–117) long, 49 (45–59) wide, mid femur 111 (85–120) long, 45 (38–53) wide, hind femur 130 (98– 134), 46 (41–55); fore tibia 67 (55–70) long, 19 (17–27) wide, mid tibia 63 (52–73) long, 21 (19–28) wide, hind tibia 86 (73–93) long, 24 (21–31) wide; fore tarsus 57 (54–67) long, 17 (15–24) wide, mid tarsus 63 (53–64) long, 18 (15–22) wide, hind tarsus 71 (63–78) long, 20 (15–25) wide; fore claw 35 (24–35) long, 7 (5–7) wide, mid claw 25 (24–29) long, 6 (5–7) wide, hind claw 31 (29–32) long, 5 (5–7) wide. Fore tibiae each with two preapical flagellate setae on internal margin; each mid and hind tibia with one preapical flagellate seta and another spur-like; mid tibae without maculae (two rounded maculae). Fore and hind tarsae each with one spur on internal margin; mid tarsi each with two spurs on internal margin. Claw digitules short, setose. <b>Circuli</b> absent. <b>Anal lobes</b> ventrally unsclerotized, each with one longer, flagellate seta, length not measured on holotype (81–101). <b>Tritubular ducts</b> numbering 26 (14–26), with accompanying setae and shape as on dorsum, two sizes: largest ducts only slightly smaller than those on dorsum (diameter=8–9), smaller ducts very conspicuos (diameter=5–6); largest tritubular ducts present submarginally on mesothorax and laterally on abdominal segments I, III–VI; smallest tritubular ducts present, with 2–4 in medial rows on III–VII (2–8 per segment), usually more numerous (4 (5–8)) on VI and VII. <b>Tubular ducts</b> similar to those on dorsum; present mesially on head, laterally on metathorax and with 2–10 (2–12) on each abdominal segment, including VIII. <b>Multilocular disc pores</b> present, diameter and loculi as on dorsum, more numerous than on dorsum but absent from head; present medially, submaginally and marginally on thorax and abdomen and numerous around vulva; absent on margins of abdominal segment VIII. <b>Trilocular pores</b> similar in shape, size and distribution to those on dorsum. Setae all flagellate, with some submarginal setae larger; with one submarginal pair of setae on abdominal segment VII, 50 (29–50) long.</p> <p> <b>Dorsum. Ostioles</b> anterior and posterior ostioles very conspicuous (Figure 2 C), with prominent lips, inner borders sclerotized, 66 (55–87) wide; posterior ostioles with 16 (10–16) flagellate setae and 22 (11–20) trilocular pores; anterior ostioles with setae and pores but these not counted. <b>Anus</b>: anal ring subpentagonal, diameter=51 (44–56); rows of cells not completely visible in dorsal view (Figure 2 D); outer row with 12 cells (12–14), with spicules; inner row apparently with 6 cells (6); with six flagellate anal setae, each 59 (56–64) long, shorter than ventral setae of anal lobe and subequal to width of anal ring. <b>Anal lobes</b> slightly developed, short (Figure 2 E); dorsally slightly sclerotized around setae bases (on one specimen only), with five flagellate setae on each lobe, longest 61 (66–70) long, middle-sized seta 41 (53–63) long, and three shorter setae, each 20 (24–33) long. <b>Tritubular ducts</b> numbering 15 (15–23), each with accompanying setae; only one size (diameter=10–11); outer opening rounded; each tubule short (9 long, diameter=3); present medially on head, prothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments III–V; also submarginally on each thoracic segment and laterally on mesothorax and abdominal segments I, III, V and VII. <b>Tubular ducts</b> very conspicuous, each 4 long, diameter=4, present marginally on head, submarginal and laterally on thorax, and with a total of 2–14 (2–10) present laterally, submarginally, submedially and medially on each abdominal segment; absent on VIII. Multilocular disc pores present, each with 8–10 (8–10) loculi, diameter=9 (8–9), numbering 24 (13–47), present on margins of all segments, except on head and abdominal segment viii. <b>Trilocular pores</b> subcircular, loculi protruding from cuticular surface, diameter=3, equal to or slightly less than diameter of tubular ducts, evenly scattered. Setae: all flagellate; dorsum with some marginal setae larger than elsewhere; submarginal prothoracic pair 56 (47–60) long, and with three pairs of larger setae on abdominal segment VII as follows: one pair of marginal setae, each 66 (49– 66) long; one pair of submarginal setae, each 36 (37–42) long, and one pair of lateral setae, each 30 (30–37) long.</p> <p> <b>Genital chamber</b> conspicuous (Figure 2 F), 81 (59–88) long, 14 (10–14) wide proximally, 42 (31–49) wide distally; with each arm of accessory glands located in posterior constriction.</p> <p> <b>Additional material</b>:♀60. <b>COLOMBIA</b>: Caldas, Anserma, Vda. Agua Bonita, Fca. Bellavista, 05°10′00″N, 75°46′00″W, 1756 m a.s.l., 27–vii–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Paspalum notatum</i> (Poaceae), ♀2, UNAB; Caldas, Chinchiná. Casco Urbano, 04°59′42″N, 75°36′58″W, 1408 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. base of stem of <i>Cuphea lanceolata</i> (Lythraceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Chinchiná, Casco Urbano, 04º59′00″N, 75º37′00″W, 1355 m a.s.l., 25–vi–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> (Asteraceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Manizales, Vda. Bajo Tablazo, Fca. María Auxiliadora, 05°01′00″N, 75°32′00″W, 1290 m a.s.l., 05–vi–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Plantago major</i> (Plantaginaceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Manizales, Vda. Las Pavas, Fca. Villa Rosario, 05°01′00″N, 75°35′00″W, 1290 m a.s.l., 05–v–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Cyperus ferax</i> (Cyperaceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Palestina, Vda. La Ínsula, 04°59′34″N, 75°38′15″W, 1331 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012 ¸coll. A. Caballero, ex. soil, ♀4, UNAB; Caldas, Palestina, Vda. La Ínsula, 04°59′34″N, 75°38′15″W, 1331 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012, coll. A. Ramos. ex. roots of <i>Panicum maximum</i> (Poaceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El Crucero, Fca. El Crucero, 05°05′00″N, 75°27′00″W, 1443 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Coffea arabica</i> (Rubiaceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El Crucero, Fca. El Crucero, 05°09′33″N, 75°45′28″W, 1443 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Commelina diffusa</i> (Commelinaceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El Crucero, Fca. El Provenir, 05°05′42″N, 75°27′00″W, 1418 m a.s.l., 16–viii– 2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Emilia sonchifolia</i> (Asteraceae), ♀2, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. El Crucero, Fca. El Provenir, 05°05′42″N, 75°27′00″W, 1418 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots <i>Paspalum notatum</i> (Poaceae), ♀2, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. Guacaica, Fca. El Cruceiro, 05°10′00″N, 75°45′00″W, 1395 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> (Asteraceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Risaralda, Vda. La Trinidad, Fca. El Bosque, 05°05′36″N, 75°27′04″W, 1415 m a.s.l., 16–viii–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Bidens pilosa</i> (Asteraceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, San José, Vda. Pueblo Rico, Fca. El Roble, 05°09′00″N, 75°79′00″W, 1574 m a.s.l., 17–v–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Coffea arabica</i> (Rubiaceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, San José, Vda. La Ciénega, Fca. El Reposo, 05°07′00″N, 75°47′00″W, 1678 m a.s.l., 10–v–2007, coll. A. Mariscal and J. Ríos, ex. roots of <i>Cyperus ferax</i> (Cyperaceae), ♀1, UNAB; Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. Bajo Castillo, 05°00′38″N, 75°32′00″W, 1784 m a.s.l., 25–x– 2012, coll. A. Caballero and A. Ramos, ex. soil, ♀4, UNAB; Caldas, Villamaría. Vda. El Destierro, 04°58′44″N, 75°32′26″W, 1611 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Eleusine indica</i> (Poaceae), ♀4, UNAB; Caldas, Villamaría, Vda. El Destierro, 04º58′44″N, 75º32′26″W, 1611 m a.s.l., 25–x–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Conyza bonaeriensis</i> (Asteraceae), ♀2, UNAB; Cundinamarca, Fusagasugá, 17–viii–1971, coll. F. Mosquera and H. Martin, ex. roots of <i>Chrysanthemum</i> sp. (Asteraceae), ♀2, cod. N°73 (71–13465), USNM; Nariño, Buesaco, Vda. Veracruz, 01°210′35″N, 77°10′07″W, 1814 m a.s.l., 25–xii–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Galinsoga parviflora</i> (Asteraceae), ♀2, UNAB; Nariño, Pasto, Casco Urbano, Barrio Torobajo, 01°14′18″N, 77°18′28″W, 2426 m a.s.l., 08–i–2013, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Equisetum</i> sp. (Equisetaceae), ♀1, UNAB; Nariño, Pasto, Casco Urbano, Barrio Capusigra, Colegio INEM, 01°14′18″N, 77°18′28″W, 2426 m a.s.l., 12–xii–2012, coll. A. Ramos, ex. roots of <i>Pennisetum clandestinum</i> (Poaceae), ♀3, UNAB. <b>COSTA RICA</b>: San Vito, Las Cruces, 6 km East, 18–ii–1970, coll. M. Kosztarab, ex. Soil under <i>Prunus persica</i> (Rosaceae), ♀2, cod. N°C585a, USNM. <b>ECUADOR</b>: Cantón El Triunfo, Guayas Province, 25–vii–2003, coll. F. Armijos and R. Floros, ex. soil cod. N°RN#10, ♀3, cod. N°309628, USNM; Cantón El Triunfo, Guayas Province, Estación experimental Santo Domingo ″INIAP″, ix–1979, coll. F. Orellana, ex. <i>Elaeis guineensis</i> (Arecaceae), ♀4, cod. N°80–12960, USNM. <b>MEXICO</b>: Jalapa, Veracruz, Andalé, 10 km south west Jalapa, 18–vii–1969, coll. D.R. Miller and J. Villanueva, Cod. N°837, ♀1, USNM. <b>UNITED STATES</b>: California, Los Angeles Co., 15–viii–1979, coll. R. Lizuka, ex <i>Areca</i> sp. (Arecaceae), ♀2, cod. N°79417–1, USNM; Florida, 11–xi–1971, coll. G.T. Williams, ex. <i>Pyracantha coccinea</i> (Rosaceae), ♀1, cod. N°125245, USNM; Florida, Flamingo, 18–ii–1970, ex. Poaceae, ♀2, USNM; Florida, Largo, 1971, coll. L. B. Hill, ex. <i>Aralia</i> sp. (Araliaceae), ♀1, cod. N°125338, USNM; Florida, Palmetto, 14–x–1970, coll. G.W. Dekle, ex. <i>Araucaria excelsa</i> (Araucariaceae), ♀1, USNM; Florida, Snead Island, 16–xi– 1970, coll. G.W. Dekle, ex. <i>Asparagus sprengeri</i> (Asparagaceae), ♀2, cod. N°125331, USNM; Florida, Tallevast, coll. J.R. McFarlin, 17–ii–1971, ex. <i>Callistemma</i> sp. (Caprifoliaceae), ♀1, Cod. N°125281, USNM; Harding, Co., NM 6 min W. Roy, 12–viii–1981, coll., D.R. Miller and J.F. Miller, ex. roots of Poaceae, ♀1, cod. N°DRM 41–A, USNM; Florida, 9–i–1973, coll. G.W. Dekle, ex. <i>Quercus</i> sp. (Fagaceae), ♀1, cod. N°125784. USNM; Florida, Bradenton, 3–ix–1970, coll. S. Poe, ex. <i>Araucaria excelsa</i> (Araucariaceae), ♀2. cod. N°DPI125148, USNM; Florida, Flamingo, 18–ii–1970, ex. Poaceae, ♀1, USNM. Florida, Monroe Co., 3–v–1975, coll. R.F. Denno, J.A. Davidson and D.R. Miller, ex. Poaceae, ♀2, cod. N°2895 (13), USNM; Florida, Monroe Co. Upeer Key, Largo, Telephone pole N°219, 22–iii–1968, coll. R.E. Woodruff, ex. packart nest debris, ♀1, USNM; Saint Croix, V.I., 22–iii–1973, ex. Fern (Pteridophyta), coll. G.W. Dekle <i>et al</i>., ♀1, cod. N°125868, USNM.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Nearctic: Mexico, United States (Florida). Neotropical: Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador (Figure 3).</p> <p> <b>Hosts. Araliaceae:</b> <i>Aralia</i> sp.; <b>Araucariaceae</b>: <i>Araucaria excelsa</i>; <b>Arecaceae</b>: <i>Areca</i> sp., <i>Elaeis guineensis</i>; <b>Asparagaceae</b>: <i>Asparagus sprengeri</i>; <b>Asteraceae</b>: <i>Bidens pilosa</i>, <i>Chrysanthemum</i> sp., <i>Conyza bonaeriensis</i>, <i>Emilia sonchifolia</i>, <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i>; <b>Caprifoliaceae</b>: <i>Callistemma</i> sp.; <b>Commelinaceae</b>: <i>Commelina diffusa</i>; <b>Cyperaceae</b>: <i>Cyperus ferax</i>; <b>Equisitaceae</b>: <i>Equisetum</i> sp.; <b>Fagaceae</b>: <i>Quercus</i> sp.; <b>Lythraceae</b>: <i>Cuphea lanceolata</i>; <b>Plantaginaceae</b>: <i>Plantago major</i>; <b>Poaceae</b>: <i>Eleusine indica</i>, <i>Holcus</i> sp. <i>Panicum maximum</i>, <i>Paspalum notatum</i>, <i>Pennisetum clandestinum</i>; <b>Rosaceae</b>: <i>Pyracantha coccinea</i>; <b>Rubiaceae</b>: <i>Coffea arabica</i>; <b>Pteridophyta</b>: Fern; in soil.</p>Published as part of <i>Ramos-Portilla, Andrea Amalia & Caballero, Alejandro, 2016, Rhizoecus colombiensis Ramos & Caballero, a new species of hypogeal mealybug (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Rhizoecidae) and a key to the species of Rhizoecus from Colombia in Zootaxa 4092 (1)</i> on pages 56-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/269222">http://zenodo.org/record/269222</a>
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