41 research outputs found
Effects of temperature on the tillering and the endogenous cytokinin activities in rice roots
No full text(29(2):115-130)Effects of the application of plant growth regulators on yield components of early maturing rice
No full text以早熟稻品種日本晴（Nipponbare），廣陸矮 4 號（Kwang - lu - ai 4）及本地現行栽培品種臺農 67 號（Tainung 67）為材料，於 1978 年 1、2 期作種植於田間。在分蘗開始期及分蘗盛期施用 Chloroflurenol ( IT3456 , methyl-2-Chloro-9-hydroxy-fluroene -(9)-carbo-xylate ) 1 mM，並於幼穗分化期、孕穗期及乳熟期加施 50 ppm 之 SNA ( sodium naphthal - ene acetic acid) 與 2000 倍稀釋液之 SNP ( sodium nitrophenol) 之混合液，以及 50 ppm 之 GA3 ( gibberellin )，調查其對稻作生育之反應及對產量之影響。試驗結果摘要如下：（1）施用 Chloroflurenol 對分蘗數之增加有顯著之效果（1 期作增加 3~12 % , 2 期作增加 9~19 %），但所增加之分藥大部份為無效分蘗，且由於分蘗數之增加會導致-穗平均粒數及千粒重之降低。（2）生育後期加施 SNA 與 SNP 混合液可使增加之無效分蘗成為有效分蘗，-株穗數、發育穎花數、結實率及千粒重亦增加，因而使產量增加 4 - 11%（1 期作）及 5 – 14%（2 期作）。（3）加施 GA3 對株高、穗長及粒長有顯著影響外，對其他農藝性狀效果不穩定。（4）三供試品種間，以臺農 67 號對不同生長素處理有較好之反應；稉型早熟品種日本晴因施用 Chloroflurenol 而促進之分藥數增加效果最大；秈型早熟品種廣陸矮 4 號對上述生長素處理，則在一株穗數、千粒重及株高方面較其他供試品種增加效果大。
A sudy was carried out to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators, chloroflurenol (IT 3456, methl-2-chloro-9-hydroxy-fluroene-9-carboxylate ; 1 mM), SNA (sodium naphthalene acetic acid; 50 ppm) +SNP (sodium nitrophenol; 2000 X) and gibberellin (GA3 50 ppm) on grain yield and yield components of paddy rice. Two early maturing rice Nipponbare, Kwang-lu-ai 4 and the local cultivar Tainung 67 were used in this experiment. The following results were obtained.
1. The application of chloroflurenol alone increased tiller number per plant by 3-12% in the first rice season and Ly 9-19% in the second season. However, most of the increased tillers did not bear panicles. No striking effect on grain yield was obtained since mean spikelet number per panicle and 1000-grain-weight were reduced by this treatment.
2. SNA and SNP mixture treatment showed the effects of increasing panicle number, particularly by promoting the additional tillers caused by chloroflurenol treatment to bear effective panicles. Number of florets in the secondary branch position, seed-set percentage and 1000-grain-weight were also increased, especially in the second crop season. Grain yield was increased by 4-11% and 5-14% in the first and second rice seasons, respectly.
3. GA3 treatment significantly affected the plant height and length of panicles and spikelets. Most significant effect was found on the semi-dwarf variety Kwang-lu-ai 4, Spikelet number per plant and seed-set percentage also increased slightly, whereas1000-grain-weight dropped. Other agronomic characters showed relatively unstable results. This treatment caused the reduction of grain yield of Kwang-lu-ai 4 in the first and of all cultivars in the second crop season.
4. Highly significant differences in grain yield and yield components were found among the three cultivars tested. Different growth regulator treatments had more favourable influence on Tainung 67 than on other cultivars, particularly in grain yield. The application of chloroflurenol could increase the tiller number of Nipponbare, but not 1000-grain-weight and grain yield. The treatment of chloroflurenol, SNA+SNP, and GA3 had more favorable influence on the panicle number per plant, 1000-grain-weight and plant height for Kwang-lu-ai 4 than for other cultivars, and its grain yield showed a slight increase also
(32(3):201-208)Studies on the Improvement of Blast Disease Resistance of Japonica Rice, Tainung 67
No full text為改良臺農67 號之稻熱病抵抗性，於民國68 年第二期作開始以抗稻熱病品種TKM-6 , Ml-48 , Dawn , Tetep , carreon , Shensho 及Dular 等為父本與臺農67 號雜交，後以臺農67 號為輪迴親本進行一系列之回交，以便將抗病基因導入於臺農67 號。其中Dawn , Tetep 及Carreon 有關三組合之BC1F1乃以磨傷法點接稻熱病菌4 個生理小種ID-14 , IE-2 , IF-3 及IG-2 於葉片上，檢驗其對4 小種之抵抗性。Dawn 組合BC1F1之分離比顯示，對IG-14 及IG-2 之抵抗性似各由一對基因所控制，而對IE-2 則有3 對，IF-3 有2 對基因參與。在Carreon 組合之BCIFI 對ID-14 及IG-2 似各有一對，對IE-2 及IF-3 似各有3 對基因參與。Tetep 組合的BC1F1則似乎比前兩組合有較多的抗病基因參與。對ID-14 及IG-2 之抗病性各有2 對，對IE-2 及IF-3 各有4 對基因參與。又Tetep 組合之BC2F1在病圃有較多的抗病系統出現，顯示Tetep 乃具有多數抗病基因之優良抗病種源。經人工接種選拔及病圃篩選選得之植株繼續回交至第3 、4 次，由其後代系統中，已選得多數抗病且株型優良之系統，其中部分已成立為品系參加產量比較試驗；同時亦進行BC4F1間之複交，再以花藥培養法做配偶子型之選拔，預期將可選育抗病性較廣且又高產之稉稻新品種。
Rice variety Tainung 67 which occupied 454,620 hectares of rice area in 1982 in Taiwan is known to have a lower degree of resistance to blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae Cav. ). In order to correct this defect, Tainung 67 was crossed to varieties, Tetep, Carreon, Dawn, M1-48, TKM-6, Shensho and Dular as the resistance source. The F1’s were then backcrossed to Tainung 67 three or four times.
The BC1F1’s of three crosses, TNG 672 /Dawn, TNG 672 /Carreon and TNG 672/Tetep were inoculated with 4 races of the blast fungus that attacked Tainung 67, namely, ID-14, IE-2, IF-3 and IG-2 in the 2nd crop season, 1980. Based on the segregation patterns of bast disease resistance in the BC1F1’s, it is concluded that the resistance of Dawn to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by a single dominant gene, to race IE-2 by 3 pairs and to race IF-3 by 2 pairs of gene, while the resistance of Carreon to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by a single dominant gene and to IE-2 and IF-3 by 3 pairs of gene. However, Tetep’s resistance to races ID-14 and IG-2 seems to be controlled by 2 pairs of gene and to races IE-2 and IF-3 by 4 pairs of gene.
The main purpose of this experiment was to introduce resisatnce genes of Tetep, Carreon, etc. into Tainung 67. To understand the mode inheritance of resistance in the early segregating generations of these crosses will facilitate our further efforts. The resistant BC1F1 plants selected from the above-mentioned test were again backcrossed to Tainung 67 three or four times and the BC2F1’s and BC4F1’s were grown in a blast disease nursery for continuous selection
(27(2):169-174)EFFECTS OF SUCROSE APPLICATION ON GRAIN YIELD IN MEIOSIS AND MATURING STAGES OF THE RICE PLANT
No full text本省位於亞熱帶地區，連綿陰雨天往往持續至二個星期甚且更長，尤其在二期作更甚，其間之日照亦常低於150克卡／平方公分／天（氣象中心年報1975），因此影響水稻之正常生育而導致產量減產。本試驗乃針對影響水稻光合作用最大之減數分裂期及成熟期，將稻株人工遮陰(90%)，以蔗糖噴施稻葉，及以蔗糖溶液灌施，以探討直接施用蔗糖能否補救因光照不足所引起產量減少之部份原因。
供試材料臺農育A6號（蓬萊稻），由Pot試驗結果，由於本試驗於第二期作執行，於生育後期遭遇低溫及寡日照之影響，結果遮陰並未使退化穎百分比顯著提高，但其結實率，千粒重，登熟率及每欉谷粒產量却大幅降低，因此，蔗糖處理仍未顯出明顯之反應。但嘉農秈8號却有良好之結果，遮陰使退化穎花數增加約54%，蔗糖處理亦有使退化穎花百分比降低之趨勢。
經田間試驗結果顯示：蔗糖葉面噴施及灌溉水施用，對產量構成因素沒有明顯之效果，其小區產量經變方分析結果亦未達顯著之差異。
1. Prolonged rainy weather or low solar radiation is considered one of the causes of low yields of the second crop rice in Taiwan. The total solar radiation during such period commonly falls down to 150 gr. cal/cm2/day or less. Attempts were made to find out whether sucrose application in meiosis and maturing stages corrects the effect of low solar radiation on rice plants.
2. In a pot experiment, about 90% shading by a piece of black cloth for ten days was made during meiosis stage, and the plants were applied with 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 g/hill sucrose through foliage spraying and irrigation water. Inaddition, two field experiments were conducted, one by application of sucrose by foliage spraying and the other in irrigation water through roots. Dssiolve sucrose 50, 100, 150 kg/ha in 20 c.c/hill water, and apply them during meiosis stage, after heading stage and both stages.
3. In the pot experiment an indica rice variety, Chianung Sen 8 showed 54% of degenerated spikelet by the shading treatment. However, sucrose application tended to prevent the spikelets from degeneration. The shading did not cause significant degree of spikelet degeneration in Tainung Yuh A6. Hence the difference in the percentage of degenerated spikelets among the sucrose treatments was not significant. But 1,000 grain weight, percentages of seedset and matured grain and grain yield perhill were reduced appreciably.
4. In both fild experimeits, the analysis of variance of grain yield per plot showed non-significant differences in grain yield among sucrose treatments in meiosis, mat uring stages and both stages
(34(2):125-134)Development of Rice Variety Tainung 69
No full text水稻品種臺農69 號是由F3 （臺農6lM510 -14 / Oryza rufipogon） //臺農62 號之雜交後代選出。第一期作比臺農67 號低產4 %-5%，第二期作高產8 %-19.3%。在全省性區域試驗比臺農67 號減產4 %-7%。本品種有相當廣幅又穩定的稻熱病抵抗性，同時亦抗細菌性白葉枯病，並具有臺農67 號相似之紋枯病忍耐性。臺農69 號不但抗褐飛蝨1 、2 、3 生理型、也抗白背飛蝨並受斑飛蝨之害亦較緩慢。本品種的米質、株高、抽穗期等特性與臺農67 號相似，但稻稈稍軟不如臺農67 號耐倒伏，故其肥料反應也稍差。
Rice variety Tainung 69 is a selection from the progenies of a cross between F3 (Tainung 61 M510 -14 / Oryza rufipogon) and Tainung 62. It yielded lower than Tainung 67 by 4%-5% in the first crop but outyielded it by 8%-19.3% in the second crop. In regional tests, Tainung 69 gave an yield of 4%-7% lower than Tainung 67 in average. It is resistant to a wide range of blast pathogen including that at IRRI, Philippines and is also resistant to bacterial leaf blight disease. It exhibited a tolerance to sheath blight disease similar to Tainung 67. Tainung 69 was found resistant in the tests to brown planthopper biotypes 1, 2 and 3, and also to the white-backed planthopper. It showed a slower progress in the damage caused by small brown planthopper. The plant height, days to mature and rice quality of Tainung 69 are similar to those of Tainung 67, but its straw is not as stiff as that of Tainung 67, hence the fertilizer response is slightly poor
Two-level preconditioning applied on the ssSNPBLUP model
No full textThe single-step single nucleotide polymorphism best linear unbiased prediction (ssSNPBLUP) model can potentially be used in animal breeding for genetic evaluations. It has been reported that this model has convergence issues when the Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) method is applied. This is due to the linear system being ill-conditioned. Moreover, in a recent research a subspace decomposition deflation method has been proposed. Unfortunately, the method requires too many deflation vectors, which results in an implementation of the Deflated PCG (DPCG) algorithm that requires a high demand of RAM. In this thesis a different subdomain decomposition strategy is proposed. This subdomain decomposition method utilises the -means algorithm applied on the matrix of correlation among the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This method has been applied on a simulated data set of dairy cattle. This method results in halving the number of deflation vectors required for the same rate of convergence compared with the previous subdomain decomposition deflation method. In practice for genetic evaluations the data sets increases over time by incorporating new information. In this thesis a specific initial solution has been investigated. This initial solution closely resembles the solution of the updated system to solve the ssSNPBLUP model efficiently. Also a deflation method that utilises the previous solutions of genetic evaluations can be applied. The Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) based deflation method is proposed in this thesis to full fill this requirement. Moreover, only a few deflation vectors are needed to improve the rate of convergence.Furthermore, the subdomain decomposition deflation method deflates the largest eigenvalues of the preconditioned coefficient matrix and the POD deflation method deflates the smallest eigenvalues of the preconditioned matrix. Combining the deflation vectors of both methods results in an improvement in the rate of convergence compared with the methods on their own.Based on the results the best performing method is a combination of selecting the initial solution as the previous genetic evaluation, the POD deflation method and the k-means++ clustering applied on the subdomain decomposition deflation method. In this research a reduction of 81% in iteration time and 19% in total computation time has been observed. Note that the initial solution as the previous genetic evaluation approach can only be employed if that solution is available. Likewise, the POD method can only be applied if multiple solutions of genetic evaluations are available.Applied Mathematic
Wa?ási - kehkí buu naaósa-buga
No full textPor el alto río Mayo, en las barrancas de la Sierra Tarahumara, vive la gran mayoría de los guarijó: pueblo indígena que comparte prácticas culturales y una cercanía lingüística con otros grupos yutoaztecas de la región. Actualmente, residen entre poblados de rancheros mestizos que, desde hace tiempo, llegaron a establecerse en el territorio tradicional. A partir de entonces, su situación comprende un terreno social interétnico con personas de ideologías y prácticas lingüísticas diferentes entretejidas dentro de procesos locales conflictivos y búsquedas cotidianas de negociación, y en redes sociales que moldean las pautas del lenguaje en los espacios públicos y privados. En este contexto, la presente investigación examina los usos cotidianos de la lengua guarijó para encontrar, dentro de sus redes, las manifestaciones de ideología lingüística y su funcionamiento en la vitalidad o en el desplazamiento. Por medio de una etnografía de la comunicación, y su análisis interpretativo enmarcado en la antropología lingüística, el estudio aporta conocimiento sobre los procesos significativos de este grupo y contribuye a las discusiones sobre las estrategias de persistencia lingüística de los pueblos indígenas del noroeste de México.Este trabajo fue presentado como tesis para obtener el grado de Doctora en Ciencias del Lenguaje en la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, siendo el jurado: Dr. José Luis Moctezuma Zamarrón (director de tesis), Dra. Jane H. Hill, Dr. Pedro Ernesto Lewin Fischer, Dr. Roberto Flores Ortiz, Dr. Ronald Terborg, Dra. María Regina Martínez Casas, Dra. Celia María Zamudio Mesa y la Secretaria de actas Dra. Ana Paulina Pintado Cortina.- Símbolos utilizados en los diálogos. – Prefacio. - Capítulo I: - Introducción. - Capítulo II. – Conceptualización: - El enfoque para el caso guarijó. - La etnografía de la comunicación y la antropología lingüística. - Ideología lingüística e identidad étnica. - Los estudios previos. - Técnicas y métodos utilizados en el campo. - Capítulo III. - Contexto sociohistórico: - Contexto social. - Conformación del territorio interétnico. - Consolidación del poder de los yori. - Territorio interétnico hoy. - Actuales espacios de conflicto lingüístico. - Capítulo IV. - Los nichos de vitalidad lingüística. Una etnografía de la comunicación en las rancherías guarijó: - Las rancherías. - Las redes sociales. - El silencio en la comunicación guarijó. - Interacciones cotidianas. - Los cuentos en la cotidianidad. - Pichikená, “la creencia”. La tradición oral, lenguaje e identidad étnica. - El lenguaje ritual. Los cantos guarijós, normatividad y vida cotidiana. - Las palabras “feas”. Caciques, hechiceros, chismes y mentiras. - “Problemas en el paraíso”. Los conflictos lingüísticos en los nichos de vitalidad. - Acerca de los yori, el español y la lengua guarijó. - Capítulo V. – Conclusiones: - Conclusiones. La ideología lingüística e identidad étnica entre los guarijós. - El silencio, estilo discursivo, redes sociales e identidad étnica. - La diversidad de ideologías lingüísticas. - Consideraciones finales. - Capítulo VI: - Epílogo. - Bibliografía
The geological evolution of the eastern Richtersveld
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.The lithology of the early Proterozoic (-1950-1750 my) Richtersveld is characterised by predominantly calc-alkaline volcanics, (De Hoop Subgroup) overlain by and intercalated with quartzitic metasediments into which the mainly granodioritic rocks of the Vioolsdrif Intrusive Suite (VIS) were emplaced. Metavolcanics and sediments of the De Hoop Subgroup have been subdivided into formations, and their paleogeographic environments have been deduced from lithological criteria. In the north eastern Richtersveld systematic reconstruction permitted the recognition of four distinct depositional domains: (a) a high altitude volcanic terrain in the northeast, characterised by a great thickness of an entirely volcanic succession. (b) a synvolcanic graben structure in the southeast; infilled by melanocratic volcanics and immature sediments. (c) a low-lying volcanic terrain in the southwest, possibly representinga coastal plain, lithologically characterised by volcanic debris and redeposited volcanics of domain (a).d) marine quartzites in the south, indicating a marine ingression from the southwest towards the end of the volcanic cycle ,In the southeastern Richtersveld more strongly metamorphosed acid to intermediate volcanics overlie metasediments of the Namaqua Metamorphic Complex(NMC).Within the Vioolsdrif Intrusive Suite four intrusive phases can be distinguished. The oldest phase, a fine-grained granodiorite, is only tentatively assigned to the Vioolsdrif Intrusive Suite and probably constitutes a subvolcanic member of intermediate metavolcanics of the Kookrivier Formation. It was followed by syntectonic even-grained granodiorite and by posttectonic granite and leucogranite. Textural analysis of the undeformed granite phase provided information as to its intrusion and crystallisation history and the sequence of crystallisation. Since the latter allows the estimate of the water content of the initial magma, and as water content of the magma determines - according to some models -geological position and extent of porphyry ore deposits, predictions could be made as to the probable site and extent of possible porphyry ore deposits, which are in agreement with preliminary results obtained during field work. The metamorphic and tectonic development probably started soon after or even during deposition of the supracrustal rocks. Low grade metamorphism of low pressure type (andalusite-sillimanite facies series sensu Miyashiro, 1973) in the central northeastern Richtersveld (associated with tight to isoclinal Fi-folds of different magnitudes) and migmatisation in the south and northeast (mainly postdating F1) suggest an essentially zoned metamorphic complex with increasing grade of metamorphism towards the margins of the Richtersveld
Exclusive - and -meson production in Ar +Ca at 800A MeV
Full text linkThe impact-parameter dependence of pi degrees- and eta-meson production is reported for the system Ar-40+Ca-nat at a beam energy of 800 A MeV. Scaling of the meson abundances with the transverse mass is observed. The experimental results are compared to calculations within the BUU mode
Pion reabsorption in heavy-ion collisions interpreted in terms of the delta capture process
Full text linkWe have measured energy-differential cross sections for pi(0) production in Ar-36 + (197)AU collisions at 95 MeV/u. From an analysis of spectral features due to pion final-state interactions we have estimated the cross section of the capture process Delta + N --> N + N in the center-of-mass energy range root s similar or equal to 2.05-2.25 GeV. Within the frame of BUU calculations, our results support the extension of the detailed-balance principle to broad-width resonances
