4 research outputs found
Modernization of the mechanism of social services in Ukraine reforming
No full textThe article considers the mechanism of social services reforming in terms of decentralization of power in Ukraine.
It is proved that the introduction of a new model of social services in Ukraine is impossible without reforming of different sectors of the economic system of the country and the implementation of existing managerial capacity of modern management systems at all levels of government. The model of the social services mechanism reforming, which comprises the complex of instruments and methods of social reforms implementing, is given.
It is shown that the main purpose of such a mechanism introducing should act a maintenance of steady development of social sphere and social services system by strengthening its ability to adapt to constantly changing economic, geopolitical, legal terms within the model that meets the needs and the expectations of the community regarding the quality and scope of social services.
The author believes that presented mechanism should ensure implementation of principles of management and coordination of social services in Ukraine by strengthening the accountability of management (providers, representatives of authorities, responsible for ensuring the people’s rights to receive social services), ensuring consistency reform processes, coordination of actions of these processes, and the flexibility of the whole system.
Given the nature of social sphere and system for providing social services, the author argues that the new role of the state and its competent authorities for the management of this area is to promote the formation of effective models and effective mechanisms to guarantee social rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine at their place of residence and direct social services that are not at variance with the economic interests of the state and the players of these services market.
At the same time, the role of local authorities is manifested in the performance of the provider function – conductor, mediator – of social services to the recipient who will receive it – a citizen of Ukraine who has the right to appropriate service receiving. The provider should ensure the effectiveness of the mechanism of social services on the territory entrusted to him, to ensure high quality of these services in accordance with the legal framework that regulates relations in this field.
Such presentation of the role of local authorities (regional administrations, district administrations, local administrations) as providers, intermediaries in the model of social services provision, is determined by emphasis on innovation development of management activities in a decentralized governance model that, according to the best achievements of European and international experience in this field, is a prerequisite for the implementation of positive transformations and reforms in social sphere.
Accordingly, the coordination of interests plays a key role into the ensuring the success of the institutional stability of the social sector and social services system. Since this area is essentially multifactorial system of social relationships between the forms and types of institutions’ activities, it is a priori can’t be denied the contradictions that arise inevitably and will arise in a progress within it because of various kinds of interests
Influência da duração da primeira exposição de ratos ao labirinto em cruz elevado no aumento da esquiva dos braços abertos e efeito do Midazolam na segunda exposição
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências.O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da duração da primeira exposição (E1) no aumento da esquiva dos braços abertos e no efeito ansiolítico do midazolam (MDZ) na segunda exposição (E2) ao Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE). Ratos Wistar machos foram submetidos à E1 com duração de 1, 2 ou 5 minutos. Vinte e quatro horas depois, os 3 grupos foram subdivididos, recebendo salina ou MDZ (1,5mg/Kg) i.p., e foram reexpostos ao LCE, por 5 minutos. Os resultados mostram que, quando comparadas E1 e E2 dos grupos salina, os animais submetidos à E1 de apenas 1 minuto apresentaram porcentagens de entradas semelhantes (%A), porém menor porcentagem de tempo de permanência (%T) nos braços abertos (p<0,05) em E2. Nos grupos com E1 igual a 2 ou 5 minutos, houve redução na %A (2', p<0,05 e 5', p=0,0557) e na %T (2', p< 0,001 e 5', p<0,05) em E2. Comparando-se os grupos que receberam salina e MDZ previamente à E2, observou-se que nos grupos com E1 igual a 2 ou 5 minutos, o midazolam não alterou a %A e %T em comparação aos respectivos grupos salina. No grupo com E1 de 1 minuto submetido à administração de MDZ previamente à E2, verificou-se aumento na %A e %T (p<0,05), comparado ao grupo salina. Comparando-se as E2 dos grupos que receberam MDZ, verificou-se que o grupo que foi submetido à E1 de 1 minuto apresentou maior %A que os submetidos por 2 (p<0,05) e 5 minutos (p<0,001). Os dados sugerem que 2 e 5 minutos são suficientes para o aprendizado do aumento da esquiva dos braços abertos e perda do efeito ansiolítico do MDZ no LCE em E2, porém 1 minuto é insuficiente para tal aprendizado, evidenciando efeito ansiolítico do MDZ no LCE na E2
Experimental investigation of the behavioural toxicity of an environmental pollutant heavy metal, manganese
No full textGABA(B) receptor-mediated modulation of synaptic plasticity in the lateral amygdala
No full textFear conditioning, one of the most powerful and widely used methods to investigate the
mechanisms of associative learning in animals, involves the pairing of an aversive
stimulus such as a foot-shock (the unconditioned stimulus; US) with a neutral stimulus
such as a tone (the conditioned stimulus; CS). The tone acquires aversive properties and,
on subsequent exposure, will elicit a fear response. Behavioral and in vivo
electrophysiological experiments indicate that NMDA receptor-mediated long-term
potentiation (LTP) in the lateral amygdala (LA), a key structure for emotional learning,
underlies the acquisition of Pavlovian fear conditioning.
Neuronal activity in the LA is tightly controlled by local inhibitory interneurons.
Interneurons exert their inhibitory effect by releasing the neurotransmitter GABA acting
on ionotropic GABAA and metabotropic GABAB receptors. There is accumulating
evidence suggesting a role for GABAA and GABAB receptors in regulating amygdaladependent
fear and anxiety behavior. However, whereas the role of GABAA receptors for
postsynaptic integration and gating of LTP induction is well documented, nothing is
known about the role of GABAB receptors in the LA.
GABABRs are G-protein-coupled receptors that are localized both pre- and
postsynaptically. Postsynaptic GABABRs are coupled to inwardly rectifying K+ channels.
Presynaptic GABABRs inhibit neurotransmitter release by decreasing Ca2+ influx at both
GABAergic terminals and glutamatergic terminals. Functional GABAB receptors are
generally thought to be heterodimers containing GABAB(1) and GABAB(2) subunits. The
GABAB(1) subunit exists in two differentially expressed isoforms, GABAB(1a) and
GABAB(1b), differing by the presence of two N-terminal “sushi” domains in the
GABAB(1a) isoform.
In the main study of the present thesis, using a combined electrophysiological and genetic
approach in mice, I found that presynaptic GABAB heteroreceptors on glutamatergic
cortical afferents are predominantly comprised of GABAB(1a) subunits, and critically
determine associative properties of presynaptic cortical LTP. In the absence of functional
presynaptic GABAB heteroreceptors, an NMDA receptor-independent, non-associative
form of presynaptic LTP is unmasked. Strikingly, the loss of associativity of corticoamygdala
LTP is accompanied by a generalization of conditioned fear at the behavioral
level. This indicates that the specificity of information processing in the LA can be set by
activity-dependent presynaptic inhibition mediated by specific GABAB receptors.
In contrast to synaptic plasticity at cortico-amygdala afferents, I found that at thalamic
afferents, GABAB receptors facilitate LTP induction by a postsynaptic mechanism.
Moreover, this effect could be attributed to GABAB(1b) containing receptors. Thus, in the
LA specific subtypes of pre- and postsynaptic GABAB receptors control induction pre- or
postsynaptic LTP in an afferent-specific manner.
Taken together, the present findings indicate that GABAB receptors are playing a key role
in controlling associative plasticity in the LA, and suggest that GABAB receptors could
be a pharmacological target for treatment of psychiatric conditions like anxiety and post
traumatic stress disorder
