3,237 research outputs found
La filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève
No full textThis article is a presentation of Alexandre Kojève’s philosophy of law, exposed in his Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). Little attention has been paid to this work. So there is a gap that has to be filled with a critical reflection of its strengths. Among them, undoubtedly, we count the fact that Kojève is introducing a conception of international justice that casts a singular light on current debates about cosmopolitanism and globalization. According to this author, citizenship is the key element of the process of global expansion of the juridical sphere. In sum, Kojève’s philosophy is useful to reflect upon the contrast between the juridical and the political, which is the basis for all philosophy of law, in order to achieve world peace and international justice.Este artículo es una presentación de la filosofía del derecho de Alexandre Kojève contenida en su Esquisse d’une phénoménologie du droit (1981). La poca atención que dicha obra ha recibido es un vacío que debiera llenarse con una reflexión crítica de sus puntos fuertes. Entre ellos destaca una concepción de la justicia internacional que proyecta una luz muy singular sobre los actuales debates en torno a la globalización y el cosmopolitismo. A ojos de este autor, la ciudadanía es el elemento clave para aquilatar la expansión global de lo jurídico. En suma, Kojève aparece como un valioso referente en la labor de pensar la contraposición entre lo jurídico y lo político que está en la base de toda filosofía del derecho, con la aspiración al logro de la justicia internacional y la paz mundial en el horizonte
Contribution of the Faraday cup coupled to 10 12 ohms current amplifier for uranium 235/238 and 234/238 isotope ratio measurements by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry
No full textInternational audienceThis work highlights the possibility of improving, for given deposited quantities, the accuracy of uranium isotope ratio determination by Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) using Faraday cups coupled to a 10 12 current amplifying system. This system improves the electronic sensitivity compared to the same Faraday cups coupled to 10 11 current amplifiers. The analytical procedure developed in a previous work (Quemet et al., 2014) was applied in order to study the improvements in accuracy using the Faraday cups equipped with 10 12 current amplifier. The 234 U/ 238 U and 235 U/ 238 U isotope ratios were measured on the Certified Reference Material IRMM 052 (natural uranium). Results were evaluated relying on NF T 90-210 norm regarding method validation. The 234 U/ 238 U and 235 U/ 238 U isotope ratios were studied by total evaporation using different configurations. First, 234 U or 235 U was measured with a Faraday cup coupled to a 10 12 current amplifier and 238 U was measured with a Faraday cup coupled to a 10 11 current amplifier. Then, 234 U or 235 U was measured by discrete dynodes electron multiplier and 238 U was measured with a Faraday cup coupled to a 10 12 current amplifier. In comparison to the configurations using the 10 11 current amplifier, the analyzable quantity was reduced from 250 ng to 100 ng for the 235 U/ 238 U isotope ratio and from 50 ng to 3 ng for the 234 U/ 238 U isotope ratio with extended uncertainty below 0.28% for the 235 U/ 238 U isotope ratio, in compliance with the International Target Values (ITV 2010), and below 5% for the 234 U/ 238 U isotope ratio
Reconfiguração do consensualismo contratual: as ações tituladas nominativas e os limites à transmissão
No full textPartimos da evolução histórica do consensualismo contratual salientando os
principais carateres que, nos diversos momentos históricos, se foram evidenciando.
Numa segunda etapa exploramos os fundamentos dogmáticos do modelo de
transmissão contratual assumido pelo legislador e a sua viabilidade no sistema
jurídico global, em particular, no direito dos valores mobiliários. Constatamos a
crescente necessidade na prática mercantil e inevitabilidade no sistema jurídico
global da admissibilidade da existência de contratos de compra e venda de natureza
meramente obrigacional. Num terceiro momento desenvolvemos os principais
aspetos do regime jurídico aplicável às ações tituladas nominativas fora do mercado
regulado, em particular, os principais limites à transmissão, enquanto instrumentos/barreiras ao consensualismo contratual.We start from the historical evolution of contractual consensualism emphasizing the
main aspects that, in different historical moments, were showing up. In a second
stage we explore the dogmatic foundations of the transmission model contractual
assumed by the legislator and its viability in the global legal system, in particular, in
securities law. We note the growing need in commercial practice and inevitability in
the global legal system the admissibility of the existence of contracts of sale purely
obligatory. In the third stage we develop the main aspects of the legal regime
applicable to nominative titled actions outside the regulated market, in particular,
the main limits to the transmission, as instruments / barriers to contractual
consensualism
“Era por Alexandre tod’esto demostrado”: ¿pruebas verídicas y pruebas engañosas en el Libro de Alexandre?
No full textEl Libro de Alexandre es un texto de s. XIII, que se escribió en la España medieval. En este escrito, el autor pretende demostrar que, en el Alexandre, algunas de las situaciones que se ponen a prueba son aceptadas, pero eso no significa que el macedonio gane la prueba. El articulo esta dividido en tres apartados. En el primero, el autor da cuenta de la historia textual de la obra y también dedica ciertas líneas al Estado de la cuestión del texto; mientras que, en la segunda parte, nos guía a conceptos etimológicos de los términos prueba, evidencia y demás. En el tercer apartado se centra en algunas pruebas expuestas en el Libro de Alexandre.The Libro de Alexandre is a literary work, written during the medieval Spain. In this paper, the author tries to demonstrate that, carefully reading the L.A, some of the situations that are set as proves are accepted, but it does not mean that Alexander can be a victor. This paper is divided in three sections: firstly, the author tells the textual history of the L.A and, then, tries to update the State of art: on the other hand, in the second part, the author offers meanings about terms as: prueba and evidencia. Finally, the author focuses on certain passages contained in the Libro de Alexandre that can be taken as failed proves
Mixing the Immiscible: Improvisation within Fixed-Media Composition
No full textThis paper will explore ways in which mastered improvisation practice, with the studio as an instrument, is a proposed avenue to bridge the historical dichotomy between what Ted Gioia describe as ‘the aesthetics of perfection’ and ‘the aesthetics of imperfection’. It is proposed as a way to re-embody fixed music, as experimented by the author through the composition of his last fixed-media work. This will be put in the context of a wider trend observed amongst the current emerging generation of composers interested in the aesthesics of the work, by opposition to the previous generations that placed the value of the work in its poietics. The vital and primal importance of practice outcome as practice-based research’s main document will also be advocated for, as these trends are happening in the laboratory of live music
Contribution à la compréhension des réactions ion gaz dans les cellules de collision-réaction des ICP-MS :Application à la résolution d’interférences isobariques et poly-atomiques
No full textInductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) emerged as the most essential technique in inorganic analytical chemistry thanks to its numerous assets, particularly its flexibility, its sensitivity and its reproducibility. As part of the elementary and isotopic analysis of irradiated fuel and transmutation target, the analyst is faced with a complex mass spectrum, due to the presence of many radionuclides. ICP-MS can not differentiate ions with the same mass, which induces isobaric and polyatomic interferences when the ions at the same mass are different chemical species. Last generations of ICP-MS have introduced collision reaction cells. It can in situ reduce these isobaric or polyatomic interferences. The cell is a multipol (quadrupole, hexapole or octopole) device filled with a collision and/or reaction gas. The gas molecules collide or possibly react with the ion beam, which eliminates or reduces interferences. Such resolution of interferences is based on the difference of chemical behaviours between the analyte and the interfering species: the choice of the gas is crucial. A better understanding of the “ion – gaz” reaction should help choosing the reacting gases.Three ICP-MS, with the different cell geometries, were used for this study: Perkin Elmer Elan DRC e (quadrupole), Thermo Fischer X serie II (hexapole) and Agilent Technologies 7700x (octopole). The effects of the cell geometry on different experimental parameters and on the resolution of the 56Fe+/40Ar16O+ polyatomic interferences were examined to measure iron at trace or ultra-trace level. This preliminary study was applied to measure iron as impurities in uranium oxide, the method was then validated with a Certified Reference Material.The reactivities of transition metals (Zr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn), lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb) and actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am and Cm), elements of interest in the nuclear field, are studied with numerous gases (O2, CO, CO2, N2O, NO, CH4, C2H4, C3H8, NH3, CH3Cl and COS). Among these gases, ammonia appears to be a selective gas for lanthanides and actinides. DFT (Density Functional Theory) and ab initio calculations (MP2 and CCSD(T)) were able to reproduce the reactivity differences among lanthanide cations (La+, Sm+, Eu+ and Gd+). Reaction paths, potential energy surfaces, molecular orbitals and the influence of the electronic configuration along the reaction path are used to propose an explanation for the observed differences in the chemical behaviours. A few experimental results and quantum calculations indicate how to extend these explanations to actinides.La Spectrométrie de Masse par Plasma à Couplage Inductif (ICP-MS) s’est imposée comme technique d’analyse inorganique, de par sa souplesse d’utilisation, sa sensibilité et sa reproductibilité. L’analyse élémentaire et isotopique des combustibles nucléaires irradiés et de cibles de transmutation, doit faire face à un spectre de masse riche, dû à la présence de nombreux radionucléides. La technique ICP-MS ne peut toutefois pas différencier les ions de même masse ce qui induit des interférences isobariques et poly-atomiques quand les ions de même masse sont des espèces chimiques différentes. La majorité des ICP-MS de nouvelles générations sont équipés d’un dispositif de cellule de collision-réaction permettant la résolution in situ de telles interférences. Ce dispositif est un multipôle (quadripôle, hexapôle ou octopôle) rempli de gaz dont les molécules percutent les ions formés dans le plasma puis éventuellement réagissent. La résolution des interférences est alors basée sur la différence de réactivité chimique qui peut exister entre l’ion d’intérêt et son interférant, vis-à-vis d’un gaz de réaction donné : le choix du gaz est essentiel. Une meilleure compréhension des réactions « ions – gaz » pourrait ainsi aider à choisir le gaz réactif.Trois ICP-MS, avec différentes géométries de cellule de collision-réaction, ont été utilisés pour cette étude : Perkin Elmer Elan DRC e (quadripôle), Thermo Fischer X serie II (hexapôle) et Agilent Technologies 7700x (octopôle). L’influence de la géométrie de la cellule sur différents paramètres expérimentaux et sur la résolution de l’interférence poly-atomique 56Fe+/40Ar16O+ a été déterminée afin de mesurer le fer à l’état de trace ou d’ultra-trace. Cette étude préliminaire a ensuite été appliquée pour mesurer le fer en tant qu’impureté dans l’oxyde d’uranium, puis valider la méthode à l’aide d’un matériau de référence.La réactivité de métaux de transition (Zr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn), de lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er et Yb) et d’actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am et Cm), éléments d’intérêts dans le domaine du nucléaire, a été testée vis-à-vis de nombreux gaz (O2, CO, CO2, N2O, NO, CH4, C2H4, C3H8, NH3, CH3Cl et COS). Parmi ces gaz, l’ammoniac est un gaz sélectif de lanthanides entre eux et aussi d'actinides. L’étude théorique, menée par des calculs DFT (Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité) et ab initio (MP2 et CCSD(T)) a permis de reproduire la différence de réactivité de quatre cations lanthanide (La+, Sm+, Eu+ et Gd+). Les chemins de réactions, les profils d’énergie potentielle, les orbitales moléculaires et l’influence de la configuration électronique le long du chemin de réaction ont permis de proposer une explication de la différence de réactivité observée. Quelques résultats expérimentaux et calculs de chimie quantique indiquent comment étendre ces explications aux actinides
Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660)
No full textBiografia do jesuíta francês Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionário na Cochinchina (Vietname) e no Tonquim. Autor do Dicionário Anamita-Português-Latim (1651), Rhodes foi uma figura central no choque de interesses entre o Padroado Português e as ambições diplomáticas e políticas da França na Indochina e na China.Biography of the French Jesuit Alexandre de Rhodes (1593?-1660), missionary in Cochinchina (Vietnam) and Tonkin. Author of the Anamita-Portuguese-Latin Dictionary (1651), Rhodes was a central figure in the clash of interests between the Portuguese Padroado and France's diplomatic and political ambitions in Indochina and China.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
La Clerecía de "Alexandre"
No full textEl artículo reflexiona sobre la educación que recibe Alexandre “El grande” a manos de su profesor Aristóteles, retratado en el “Libro de Alexandre”; a continuación analiza las disciplinas que compusieron dicho programa con el interés de proponer una interpretación de la lista de las siete artes liberales mencionadas. Este artículo ofrece una visión de las diferentes maneras en las que los textos reflejan la “clerecía” del protagonista así como de otros personajes, incluyendo el anónimo autor de los mismos. Cualquiera que se dedique a las mencionadas artes liberales será glorificado y Alexandre se presenta él mismo como modelo ideal de un príncipe en quien la nobleza y al inteligencia van unidas, una defensa clara de la “clerecía” como fuente fundamental de toda excelencia. This article deals with the education imparted on Alexander the Great by Aristotles, as portrayed in the “Libro de Alexandre”, analyzes the disciplines and proposes an interpretation of the list of the seven liberal arts mentioned therein. This article also offers an encompassing view of the different ways in which the text reflects the “clerecía2 of the protagonist as well as that of the other characters, including the anonymous author himself. Anyone who dedicates him or herself to the aforementioned liberal arts is thereby glorified, and Alexander presents himself as the ideal model of a prince in whom nobility and cleverness are joined, in a clear defense of the “clerecía” as the fundamental source of all excellence
Contribution to the understanding of ion-gas reaction in the reaction collision cell of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ICP-MS : application to the resolution of isobaric and polyatomic interferences
No full textLa Spectrométrie de Masse par Plasma à Couplage Inductif (ICP-MS) s’est imposée comme technique d’analyse inorganique, de par sa souplesse d’utilisation, sa sensibilité et sa reproductibilité. L’analyse élémentaire et isotopique des combustibles nucléaires irradiés et de cibles de transmutation, doit faire face à un spectre de masse riche, dû à la présence de nombreux radionucléides. La technique ICP-MS ne peut toutefois pas différencier les ions de même masse ce qui induit des interférences isobariques et poly-atomiques quand les ions de même masse sont des espèces chimiques différentes. La majorité des ICP-MS de nouvelles générations sont équipés d’un dispositif de cellule de collision-réaction permettant la résolution in situ de telles interférences. Ce dispositif est un multipôle (quadripôle, hexapôle ou octopôle) rempli de gaz dont les molécules percutent les ions formés dans le plasma puis éventuellement réagissent. La résolution des interférences est alors basée sur la différence de réactivité chimique qui peut exister entre l’ion d’intérêt et son interférant, vis-à-vis d’un gaz de réaction donné : le choix du gaz est essentiel. Une meilleure compréhension des réactions « ions – gaz » pourrait ainsi aider à choisir le gaz réactif. Trois ICP-MS, avec différentes géométries de cellule de collision-réaction, ont été utilisés pour cette étude : Perkin Elmer Elan DRC e (quadripôle), Thermo Fischer X serie II (hexapôle) et Agilent Technologies 7700x (octopôle). L’influence de la géométrie de la cellule sur différents paramètres expérimentaux et sur la résolution de l’interférence poly-atomique 56Fe+/40Ar16O+ a été déterminée afin de mesurer le fer à l’état de trace ou d’ultra-trace. Cette étude préliminaire a ensuite été appliquée pour mesurer le fer en tant qu’impureté dans l’oxyde d’uranium, puis valider la méthode à l’aide d’un matériau de référence. La réactivité de métaux de transition (Zr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn), de lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er et Yb) et d’actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am et Cm), éléments d’intérêts dans le domaine du nucléaire, a été testée vis-à-vis de nombreux gaz (O2, CO, CO2, N2O, NO, CH4, C2H4, C3H8, NH3, CH3Cl et COS). Parmi ces gaz, l’ammoniac est un gaz sélectif de lanthanides entre eux et aussi d'actinides. L’étude théorique, menée par des calculs DFT (Théorie de la Fonctionnelle de la Densité) et ab initio (MP2 et CCSD(T)) a permis de reproduire la différence de réactivité de quatre cations lanthanide (La+, Sm+, Eu+ et Gd+). Les chemins de réactions, les profils d’énergie potentielle, les orbitales moléculaires et l’influence de la configuration électronique le long du chemin de réaction ont permis de proposer une explication de la différence de réactivité observée. Quelques résultats expérimentaux et calculs de chimie quantique indiquent comment étendre ces explications aux actinides.Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) emerged as the most essential technique in inorganic analytical chemistry thanks to its numerous assets, particularly its flexibility, its sensitivity and its reproducibility. As part of the elementary and isotopic analysis of irradiated fuel and transmutation target, the analyst is faced with a complex mass spectrum, due to the presence of many radionuclides. ICP-MS can not differentiate ions with the same mass, which induces isobaric and polyatomic interferences when the ions at the same mass are different chemical species. Last generations of ICP-MS have introduced collision reaction cells. It can in situ reduce these isobaric or polyatomic interferences. The cell is a multipol (quadrupole, hexapole or octopole) device filled with a collision and/or reaction gas. The gas molecules collide or possibly react with the ion beam, which eliminates or reduces interferences. Such resolution of interferences is based on the difference of chemical behaviours between the analyte and the interfering species: the choice of the gas is crucial. A better understanding of the “ion – gaz” reaction should help choosing the reacting gases. Three ICP-MS, with the different cell geometries, were used for this study: Perkin Elmer Elan DRC e (quadrupole), Thermo Fischer X serie II (hexapole) and Agilent Technologies 7700x (octopole). The effects of the cell geometry on different experimental parameters and on the resolution of the 56Fe+/40Ar16O+ polyatomic interferences were examined to measure iron at trace or ultra-trace level. This preliminary study was applied to measure iron as impurities in uranium oxide, the method was then validated with a Certified Reference Material. The reactivities of transition metals (Zr, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Sn), lanthanides (La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er and Yb) and actinides (U, Np, Pu, Am and Cm), elements of interest in the nuclear field, are studied with numerous gases (O2, CO, CO2, N2O, NO, CH4, C2H4, C3H8, NH3, CH3Cl and COS). Among these gases, ammonia appears to be a selective gas for lanthanides and actinides. DFT (Density Functional Theory) and ab initio calculations (MP2 and CCSD(T)) were able to reproduce the reactivity differences among lanthanide cations (La+, Sm+, Eu+ and Gd+). Reaction paths, potential energy surfaces, molecular orbitals and the influence of the electronic configuration along the reaction path are used to propose an explanation for the observed differences in the chemical behaviours. A few experimental results and quantum calculations indicate how to extend these explanations to actinides
Uranium and plutonium isotopic analysis in Atalante facility for the 2022-NMRoRo
No full textInternational audienc
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