11 research outputs found
Isolation and Identification of Xylanolytic Fungi and Their Enzyme Activity
No full textA total of 51 fungi were isolated from various sources such as groundnut shells, sawdust and the soil samples from two places. The first collection was done under the decomposed leaves from East Yangon University campus and another collection was the heap of rice straw soil from Kamarkalote village, Kyauktan Township at a depth of 6 inches. The xylanolytic fungi were isolated on Potato Dextrose Agar medium from four different sources. 17 strains of potential xylanolytic fungi were isolated from soil samples of EYU campus, 19 strains from soil samples of Kamarkalote village, Kyauktan Township, 6 strains from groundnut shells and 9 strains from sawdust of Kamarkalote village, Kyauktan Township. Those isolated fungi were cultured on Czapek dox Agar medium containing Birch wood xylan as preliminary xylanolytic enzyme production medium by forming the clear zone. Among 51 isolated fungi, 26 fungi showed the positive results of the clear zone as xylanase activity. The crude xylanase enzymes were extracted from Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Trichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., Botrytis sp., Aureobasidium sp., Rhizopus sp., Cladosporium sp. and Gliocladium sp. according to their macroscopical and microscopical characters
Factors influencing maternal death in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam countries: A systematic review
No full textEconomic and Legal Aspects of Patent System: Approaching of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
No full textIn order to implement the TRIPS’ agreement, the Republic of the Union of Myanmar has been drafting IPR law. Apart from this, the law concerning patent rights is one of the great importance under TRIPS. Pros and cons centered from the economic view for having patent rights are discussed. The paper further discusses the consideration of granting patent rights. If the statutory provisions cannot cover how to grant this right, being there has been no decided case on the patent right in Myanmar, cases either from the European Union or from the United States should be studied because these two communities have been popular in dealing with patent issues. This paper views that the Republic of the Union of Myanmar is on the right path to having the consolidated intellectual property law that includes Patent Law in the new versio
Legal Study on the Population Change in Myanmar
No full textThere are two reasons on the conditions of Myanmar population change. It depended on the migration and 1982 Myanmar Citizenship Law. Many intellectuals and experts in Myanmar have been moved and settled in other countries. Resettling of those people into Myanmar is mainly subject to the Myanmar Citizenship Law. Therefore, this article provided a historical account of successive Citizenship Law in Myanmar which has acquired and lost the rights of citizenship. In addition, this article presented two points of view that are derived from the special matter: (a) a number of persons in Myanmar have acquired citizenship in other countries; and then (b) Myanmar citizenship law attacked the rights of citizens which would resettle to Myanmar. Finally, it concluded the need to explore the consequences of the value of citizenship in the matters of the Myanmar population change
Evaluation of the forum theatre approach for public engagement around antibiotic use in Myanmar.
No full textINTRODUCTION:The risk of emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance is high in Southeast Asian countries and various strategies are being used to raise awareness about appropriate antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance within communities. Public engagement in science has not been widely practised in Myanmar. We describe the use of a forum theatre to engage with the community about antibiotic use. METHODS:The engagement activities took place in a peri-urban township in Yangon, Myanmar. Five preliminary story gathering workshops with the community were carried out to develop scripts and songs for the forum theatre. After that, we organised forum theatre plays between September and October 2018. Following each play we provided four simple key messages based on WHO's world antibiotic awareness week advocacy materials; 1) Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections 2) Antibiotics are not useful for coughs and colds 3) Never use leftover antibiotics or share antibiotics with others 4) Prevent infections by regularly washing hands, preparing food hygienically, avoiding close contact with sick people, and keeping vaccinations up to date. We evaluated the engagement activities by conducting focus group discussions (FGD) with audience members. RESULTS:Ten forum theatre plays were performed on two topics; "Fever and antibiotics" and "Mixed medicines", reaching 1175 community members. Four themes emerged from our thematic analysis: 1) Knowledge dissemination, 2) Enjoyment and fun, 3) Willingness to support and recommendations for future engagement activities and 4) Preference over traditional methods of health education. We found improvement of antibiotic related knowledge and enjoyment among audience who were also willing to support future engagement activities and preferred forum theatre approach over formal health talks. CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that forum theatre is an effective innovative approach to engage and disseminate knowledge on appropriate use of antibiotics with the community in a participatory way
Harboring Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Encoding Bacteriophages in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Myanmar
No full textArtesunate/dihydroartemisinin pharmacokinetics in acute falciparum malaria in pregnancy: absorption, bioavailability, disposition and disease effects.
No full textAIM: To determine if reported lower plasma concentrations of artemisinin derivatives for malaria in pregnancy result from reduced oral bioavailability, expanded volume of distribution or increased clearance. METHODS: In a sequentially assigned crossover treatment study, pregnant women with uncomplicated falciparum malaria received i.v. artesunate (i.v. ARS) (4mgkg(-1) ) on the first day and oral ARS (4mgkg(-1) ) on the second, or, oral on the first and i.v. on the second, in both groups followed by oral ARS (4mgkg(-1) day(-1) ) for 5 days. Plasma concentrations of ARS and dihyroartemisinin (DHA) were measured by liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry on days 0, 1, 2 and 6. Controls were the same women restudied when healthy (3 months post partum). RESULTS: I.v. ARS administration resulted in similar ARS and DHA pharmacokinetics in pregnant women with malaria (n= 20) and in controls (n= 14). Oral administration resulted in higher total drug exposure in pregnancy [AUC (95% CI) in (ngml(-1) h)/(mgkg(-1) )] of 55.1 (30.1, 100.0) vs. 26.5 (12.2, 54.3) for ARS, P= 0.002 and 673 (386, 1130) vs. 523 (351, 724) for DHA, P= 0.007. The corresponding median absolute oral bioavailability (F%) was 21.7 (12.6, 75.1) vs. 9.9 (6.0, 36.81) for ARS (P= 0.046) and 77.0 (42.2, 129) vs. 72.7 (42.0, 87.7) for DHA, P= 0.033. Total DHA exposure was lower at day 6 in pregnant women with malaria (P < 0.001) compared with day 0 or 1, but not in the controls (P= 0.084). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the effects of malaria on oral ARS drug disposition are greater than those of pregnancy. This probably results from a disease related reduction in first pass metabolism. The data are reassuring regarding current dosing recommendations
The 14th Annual World Peace Ethics Contest 2023: “The World Peace International Youth Ambassador Camp”
No full text“Let Moral Compass Be Your Guide.”
Ethics is an AU-required course. Be proud of our uniqueness that makes you ethically different.
Ethics is one of the three identities of Assumption University. This principle value is inculcated in students through well-thought-out curricula and extracurricular activities.
In the Group Ethics Meeting every semester, Rev. Bro. Dr. Amnuay Yoonprayong, Vice-Rector for Moral Development Education, and the University Campus Minister provides systematical guidelines and support for a fruitful learning process.
Furthermore, for each academic year, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Sureepong Phothongsunan, Dean of, the School of Arts regularly inspires us to achieve our moral goals and keeps motivating us to put forward an approachable strategic action plan into true-to-life action.
At the beginning of this semester 2/2023 in the Department Meeting, Dr. Jaruwan Puangmaleep, Chairperson of, the Department of General Education enthusiastically requested our cooperation to get students with a keen desire for ethical living to participate in the 14th Annual World Peace Ethics Contest: “The World Peace International Youth Ambassador Camp”
In the academic year 2023, a total of 34 AU students from different schools consisting of 16 females and 18 males of different nationalities: India, Nigeria, German, Dutch, Bangladesh, Nepal, Russia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Laotian, and Thai, participated in the 14th Annual World Peace Ethics Contest 2023 from January 26 to 28, 2023 at Khao Kaew Sadet Education Centre, Prachin Buri.
14th Annual World Peace Ethics Contest 2023 Participants
Albert Laurence School of Communication Arts - Junior
Ms. Alina Salomatova
Albert Laurence School of Communication Arts - Sophomore
Ms. Khin Thawdar Htun
Faculty of Arts - Exchange
Mr. Max Jager
Martin de Tours School of Management and Economics - Freshman
Ms. Chontida Pongchabubnapa
Ms. Divya Prasad
Mr. Peerawitch Rodsong
Ms. Phiyada Limthongpisan
Mr. Sai Say Saing Ohn
Mr. Tanasap Thunyakaset
Mr. Zay Ya Htet
Martin de Tours School of Management and Economics - Junior
Mr. Aditya Pandey
Mr. Ayman Yusuf
Mr. Linn Htet Aung
Ms. Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep
Ms. Victory Chizaram Adanma Ajaegbu
Martin de Tours School of Management and Economics - Senior
Mr. Nikhil Ojesh Yadav
Mr. Pisuth Chanhirun
Ms. Supanit Chaiyalap
Martin de Tours School of Management and Economics - Sophomore
Ms. Ei Thinzar Myint
Mr. Kritthikhoune Chengmouk
Ms. Myat Myat Nyein
Ms. Nyein Ei Ei Pyae
Mr. Saw Wai Than Phyo
Ms. Thant Kyi Phyu Tin Hlaing
Montfort del Rosario School of Architecture and Design - Sophomore
Ms. Khin Thandar Zaw
Theodore Maria School of Arts - Freshman
Ms. Bunyaporn Pingsusaen
Ms. Pinyamas Naklub
Theodore Maria School of Arts - Junior
Ms. Leila Busari
Theodore Maria School of Arts - Sophomore
Ms. Thiri Myo Myat Win
Vincent Mary School of Engineering - Sophomore
Mr. Syed Jibrael Bagheri
Vincent Mary School of Science and Technology - Freshman
Mr. Khant Si Thu Hein
Mr. Myo Myint Lwin
Vincent Mary School of Science and Technology - Senior
Mr. Aashish Dubey
Mr. Anurag Karki
For the past 16 years, the Dhammakaya Foundation and the World Peace Ethics Club have been pouring their heart and soul into imbuing Thai and international youth with the universal basic ethics and morals in their everyday lives to discover inner peace.
In the 14th Annual World Peace Ethics Contest 2023, five teams were engaged in The World Peace International Youth Ambassador Camp: North Chiang Mai University, Sripratum University, St Theresa International College, Tue Duc Vabis International College, and Assumption University.
The schedule for each day's activities was as follows:
Delivering an opening remark for WPEC orientation, making concentration exercises, giving a lecture involved with the book “Family Day by Day”, learning ethical concepts and moral values through a group presentation-based learning activity, developing good habits through practical activities-experiential learning or learning- by- doing, taking the exam, and giving a closing remark respectively.
We would like to extend our sincere gratitude to the AU Top Management Committee, Dean, Chairperson, Faculty members, the Dhammakaya Foundation, the WPEC, the guest speaker, professors from North Chiang Mai University, Sripratum University, St Theresa International College, Tue Duc Vabis International College, and all participants for their strong commitment to this mission. Your determination and optimistic attitude make a positive impact on the moral growth of both Thai and international Youth. You all make our goal truly achievable.!!!! We are so grateful for your assistance, constancy, and guidance
Molecular epidemiology of resistance to antimalarial drugs in the Greater Mekong subregion: an observational study
No full textBackground
The Greater Mekong subregion is a recurrent source of antimalarial drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. This study aimed to characterise the extent and spread of resistance across this entire region between 2007 and 2018.
Methods
P falciparum isolates from Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia were obtained from clinical trials and epidemiological studies done between Jan 1, 2007, and Dec 31, 2018, and were genotyped for molecular markers (pfkelch, pfcrt, pfplasmepsin2, and pfmdr1) of antimalarial drug resistance. Genetic relatedness was assessed using microsatellite and single nucleotide polymorphism typing of flanking sequences around target genes.
Findings
10 632 isolates were genotyped. A single long pfkelch Cys580Tyr haplotype (from −50 kb to +31·5 kb) conferring artemisinin resistance (PfPailin) now dominates across the eastern Greater Mekong subregion. Piperaquine resistance associated with pfplasmepsin2 gene amplification and mutations in pfcrt downstream of the Lys76Thr chloroquine resistance locus has also developed. On the Thailand–Myanmar border a different pfkelch Cys580Tyr lineage rose to high frequencies before it was eliminated. Elsewhere in Myanmar the Cys580Tyr allele remains widespread at low allele frequencies. Meanwhile a single artemisinin-resistant pfkelch Phe446Ile haplotype has spread across Myanmar. Despite intense use of dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine in Kayin state, eastern Myanmar, both in treatment and mass drug administrations, no selection of piperaquine resistance markers was observed. pfmdr1 amplification, a marker of resistance to mefloquine, remains at low prevalence across the entire region.
Interpretation
Artemisinin resistance in P falciparum is now prevalent across the Greater Mekong subregion. In the eastern Greater Mekong subregion a multidrug resistant P falciparum lineage (PfPailin) dominates. In Myanmar a long pfkelch Phe446Ile haplotype has spread widely but, by contrast with the eastern Greater Mekong subregion, there is no indication of artemisinin combination therapy (ACT) partner drug resistance from genotyping known markers, and no evidence of spread of ACT resistant P falciparum from the east to the west. There is still a window of opportunity to prevent global spread of ACT resistance
Genetic surveillance in the Greater Mekong subregion and South Asia to support malaria control and elimination
No full textBackground: National Malaria Control Programmes (NMCPs) currently make limited use of parasite genetic data. We have developed GenRe-Mekong, a platform for genetic surveillance of malaria in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) that enables NMCPs to implement large-scale surveillance projects by integrating simple sample collection procedures in routine public health procedures.
Methods: Samples from symptomatic patients are processed by SpotMalaria, a high-throughput system that produces a comprehensive set of genotypes comprising several drug resistance markers, species markers and a genomic barcode. GenRe-Mekong delivers Genetic Report Cards, a compendium of genotypes and phenotype predictions used to map prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs.
Results: GenRe-Mekong has worked with NMCPs and research projects in eight countries, processing 9623 samples from clinical cases. Monitoring resistance markers has been valuable for tracking the rapid spread of parasites resistant to the dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine combination therapy. In Vietnam and Laos, GenRe-Mekong data have provided novel knowledge about the spread of these resistant strains into previously unaffected provinces, informing decision-making by NMCPs.
Conclusions: GenRe-Mekong provides detailed knowledge about drug resistance at a local level, and facilitates data sharing at a regional level, enabling cross-border resistance monitoring and providing the public health community with valuable insights. The project provides a rich open data resource to benefit the entire malaria community.
Funding: The GenRe-Mekong project is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP11188166, OPP1204268). Genotyping and sequencing were funded by the Wellcome Trust (098051, 206194, 203141, 090770, 204911, 106698/B/14/Z) and Medical Research Council (G0600718). A proportion of samples were collected with the support of the UK Department for International Development (201900, M006212), and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
