167 research outputs found
Art and the artist in the literary works of Elsa Triolet
Full text linkThis thesis takes a representative selection of Triolet's works to study the themes of writing and creativity as they are presented in the novels. These are all portraits of artists and the accounts of the search for a synthesis of aesthetic freedom and ethical responsibility. It considers Triolet's importance as a foreign writer, adopting a new creative language to be adopted by a different cultural
environment, to be essential in understanding her importance to the French literary tradition. By emphasising her formative years in the avant-garde circles of prerevolutionary Russia, my study demonstrates her considerable contribution to the meeting of Russian and French aesthetic theories. I extend this with close textual
readings of certain works to demonstrate her techniques in novelistic construction which reveal many Formalist practices before Formalist works in translation made
their official influence on creative methods.
The introduction considers the reasons for Triolet's neglect as a writer. It then considers various contemporary and recent critical appraisals which indicate
the interest she has received until present and which allow me to define my own critical approach. Part One traces Triolet's literary evolution from her formative
years in Russia, through exile to her first publications in Russian. It then considers her insertion into French literary activity, and her association with the schools of
socialist realism and the "nouveau roman".
Part Two examines two traditional novels which portray the creative and metaphorical roles of the artist and his work, showing the constant conflict between private and public lives. In Part Three, I show how aspects of novelistic
traditionalism are gradually foregrounded so that the work develops a dual-sided character where it both narrates and examines the processes of its own narration. In Part Four, this move to highly self-conscious aesthetics demonstrates an idiosyncratic exploration of new paths for the novel that bring visual, auditive and cinematographic media into the traditional domain of written art. Accompanying
the very post-modernist experimentation, I show how this research within the novel into the novel's own future has an ethical and redemptive purpose whose final conclusion is that creativity and human freedom are inexorably interwoven
USING ELSA SPEAK APPLICATION TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING SKILLS IN EIGHTH GRADE OF MTSN 1 TRENGGALEK
Full text linkPebimiati, Kurnia Putri. Nomor Induk Mahasiswa. 12203193066. 2023. Using ELSA Speak Application to Improve Students’ Speaking Skills in Eighth Grade of MTsN 1 Trenggalek. Skripsi. Jurusan Tadris Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Ilmu Keguruan Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung.
Pembimbing: Dr. Arina Shofiya, M. Pd.
Kata Kunci: meningkatkan, kemampuan berbicara, aplikasi ELSA Speak
Keterampilan berbicara digunakan sebagai salah satu tolok ukur pencapaian dalam bahasa Inggris karena berbicara adalah kemampuan produktif dalam bentuk lisan yang sangat kompleks. Siswa di kelas delapan MTsN 1 Trenggalek menghadapi beberapa masalah pada proses pembelajaran berbicara. Sebagian besar siswa mengalami masalah dalam hal pengucapan, kosakata, serta tata bahasa. Serta siswa merasa kurang percaya diri dan merasa takut membuat kesalahan saat berbicara. Untuk itu, peneliti menggunankan aplikasi ELSA Speak untuk mengatasi masalah yang dihadapi oleh siswa. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Bagaimana aplikasi ELSA Speak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara pada siswa kelas delapan di MTsN 1 Trenggalek. Dan tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: untuk mengetahui bagaimana aplikasi ELSA Speak digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara pada siswa kelas delapan di MTsN 1 Trenggalek.
Metode penelitian: 1) desain pada penelitian itu yaitu penelitian tindakan kelas model dari Kemmis dan McTaggart (1988), (2) subjek penelitian yaitu siswa kelas delapan L di MTsN 1 Trenggalek, (3) penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 2 siklus, setiap siklus terdiri dari 3 pertemuan. Prosedur penelitian dari setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, refleksi, (4) kriteria keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini adalah jika 75% siswa mampu mendapatkan nilai ≥ 75 pada tes yang dilakukan, (5) instrumen penelitian yang digunakan meliputi lembar pengamatan, wawancara, angket, dan tes, (6) karena data penelitian yang dihasilkan tidak hanya berupa angka namun juga berupa kata atau kalimat, maka analisis data dilakukan dengan mempelajari semua data dari sumber yang dihasilkan melalui proses pengumpulan data.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata siswa pada penelitian terdahulu adalah 60. Sebanyak 23% siswa lulus tes dan 77% siswa gagal tes. Pada siklus 1 nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 74. Sebanyak 58% siswa lulus tes dan 42% siswa gagal tes. Kriteria keberhasilan belum tercapai pada siklus 1 karena siswa yang lulus tes kurang dari 75% sehingga siklus 2 perlu dilaksanakan. Pada siklus 2, nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 80. Sebanyak 84% siswa lulus tes dan 16% siswa gagal tes. Kriteria keberhasilan pada siklus 2 telah tercapai karena lebih dari 75% siswa lulus tes. Sehingga penelitian dihentikan pada siklus 2.
Berdasarkan hasil di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi aplikasi ELSA Speak berhasil dalam penelitian karena mampu meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam berbicara bahasa Inggris terutama pengucapan siswa. Serta aplikasi ELSA Speak dapat dijadikan sebagai media alternatif dalam proses pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan diri berbicara bahasa Inggris pada siswa
Kompetisi beberapa jenis dan populasi gulma terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) [Skripsi] / Elsa Destya Putri
No full textBibliografi : 56-58viii, 55 hlm. : ill. ; 28 cm. . -- Lamp. (27 le
Studi Jenis Silo terhadap Mutu Silase dar Limbah Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)
Full text linkSTUDI JENIS SILO TERHADAP MUTU SILASE DARI LIMBAH TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays, L.)
Elsa Dwi Oktarini, Renny Eka Putri, Khandra Fahmy
ABSTRAK
Pemanfaatan limbah tanaman jagung sebagai pakan ternak melalui proses fermentasi atau yang dikenal dengan silase dapat mengatasi kekurangan pakan ternak terutama pada musim kemarau. Pembuatan silase juga dapat menampung kelebihan produksi pakan pada waktu-waktu tertentu karena silase memiliki umur simpan yang lama bila terus disimpan pada kondisi anaerob, serta pembuatan silase dapat meningkatkan nutrisi pada pakan tersebut. Pembuatan silase dilakukan menggunakan silo dari karung plastik dan drum plastik dimana masing-masing silo diletakkan pada dua kondisi yaitu di lantai dan di atas palet. Pengamatan pada silase meliputi kadar air, perubahan temperatur dan kelembaban, jamur dan pH, nilai (oHue), analisis proksimat, dan uji organoleptik. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan pembuatan silase menggunakan silo dari karung plastik dan drum plastik dapat meningkatkan nilai nutrisi limbah jagung yaitu protein kasar 22,981%, lemak kasar 5,599%, dan menurunkan serat kasar hingga 18,340 %. Penyimpanan silase menggunakan silo karung plastik dan drum plastik dapat mempertahankan pH dibawah 4 hingga minggu ke-8 sejak silase dibuat yang menunjukkan bahwa silase masih dalam kondisi baik.
Kata kunci ‒ silase, silo, limbah tanaman jagung, nutris
Extended local similarity analysis (eLSA) of microbial community and other time series data with replicates
Full text link© The Author(s), 2011. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in BMC Systems Biology 5 Suppl 2 (2011): S15, doi:10.1186/1752-0509-5-S2-S15.The increasing availability of time series microbial community data from metagenomics and other molecular biological studies has enabled the analysis of large-scale microbial co-occurrence and association networks. Among the many analytical techniques available, the Local Similarity Analysis (LSA) method is unique in that it captures local and potentially time-delayed co-occurrence and association patterns in time series data that cannot otherwise be identified by ordinary correlation analysis. However LSA, as originally developed, does not consider time series data with replicates, which hinders the full exploitation of available information. With replicates, it is possible to understand the variability of local similarity (LS) score and to obtain its confidence interval. We extended our LSA technique to time series data with replicates and termed it extended LSA, or eLSA. Simulations showed the capability of eLSA to capture subinterval and time-delayed associations. We implemented the eLSA technique into an easy-to-use analytic software package. The software pipeline integrates data normalization, statistical correlation calculation, statistical significance evaluation, and association network construction steps. We applied the eLSA technique to microbial community and gene expression datasets, where unique time-dependent associations were identified. The extended LSA analysis technique was demonstrated to reveal statistically significant local and potentially time-delayed association patterns in replicated time series data beyond that of ordinary correlation analysis. These statistically significant associations can provide insights to the real dynamics of biological systems. The newly designed eLSA software efficiently streamlines the analysis and is freely available from the eLSA homepage, which can be accessed at http://meta.usc.edu/softs/lsaThis research is partially
supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) DMS-1043075 and OCE
1136818
Per un lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante
Full text linkLa ricerca e la scelta minuziosa della parola giusta dominano il mondo creativo di Elsa Morante e risultano dallo spoglio dei manoscritti: sono famose le sue liste di parole, che testimoniano di un continuo lavorio per l’individuazione della più opportuna, che meglio si adatti ad un determinato contesto.
Da lettrice che avverte, da studiosa di letteratura aperta ad alcuni settori della linguistica che verifica, leggendo e rileggendo con strumenti adeguati, rimandi da un’opera all’altra e nota punti di contatto, costanti, ritorni con nuove valenze o le stesse del passato, ho deciso di affrontare il presente lavoro, Per un Lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante, suddiviso in varie parti tra loro correlate: l’Introduzione che informa sulle motivazioni che hanno condotto alla sua formulazione, sulla metodologia seguita e sulle opere selezionate per l’analisi lessicografica; segue la Prima parte, Spunti per un’analisi critica, che offre la sezione critica della Seconda, ovvero quella del lessico vero e proprio con lemmi e relative schede, redatto tenendo in considerazione le norme del Centro per il Lessico Intellettuale Europeo. In questa Seconda parte, intitolata Lessico, di ciascun lemma vengono forniti i contesti significativi (schede-contesto) dell’ampiezza necessaria per renderli autonomamente intelligibili così da creare una voce del Lessico. Il Lessico non comprende tutte le parole presenti nelle opere da me vagliate, ma solo quelle ritenute più rappresentative della produzione creativa della scrittrice. Alla Terza parte, Index locorum, spetta il compito di offrire i risultati dello spoglio integrale di ciascun lemma inserito nel Lessico, condotto col ricorso al calcolatore elettronico; nasce per favorire un’analisi più obiettiva, per verifica del lavoro qui proposto da parte di qualsiasi studioso ne sia interessato, per mostrare le scelte operate (e avallarle o metterle in discussione), le occorrenze entrate nel Lessico come esempi più significativi di una data voce, le occorrenze scartate. Segue la Bibliografia, comprendente i testi utili allo sviluppo del mio studio, con informazioni sulle opere di Elsa Morante e l’elenco di libri, saggi e articoli sull’autrice e non, citati o consultati.
Non si presenta in queste pagine un’analisi lessicografica dell’intera produzione artistica di Elsa Morante. Mi sono proposta uno scopo circoscritto a tre opere: Lettere ad Antonio, Alibi e Aracoeli, intendendo valorizzare tre testi che rispetto a Menzogna e sortilegio, L’isola di Arturo, Il Mondo salvato dai ragazzini e La Storia sono stati trascurati e non sempre analizzati con la dovuta attenzione.
Critica letteraria, semantica lessicale o lessicologia, lessicografia costituiscono i percorsi utili alla creazione di Per un lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante, permettono formulazioni più certe sull’attività, pensiero e linguaggio della scrittrice, sullo studio dei significati e dei sensi della sua ‘lingua individuale’ e degli imprescindibili fattori storico-culturali in cui essa si inserisce. Storia letteraria e linguistica dunque, come vuole il padre della critica stilistica Leo Sptizer, per meglio comprendere l’autore studiato.
Nel Lessico, i lemmi si succedono in ordine alfabetico. Perché il lavoro complessivo crei un’intersezione delle varie parti per generare un organismo completo, va evidenziato che sono stati individuati percorsi per una più agile lettura del Lessico ─ poi approfonditi nella Prima parte, ovvero nella sezione critica ─ incentrati su delle voci significative, ciascuna delle quali si pone al centro di costellazioni terminologiche e quindi concettuali. È possibile creare insiemi di termini e concetti interdipendenti, da esaminare in connessione, per giungere ad una veduta complessiva degli esempi addotti ad esplicazione della terminologia morantiana.
Tramite un’analisi sistematica sono state individuate alcune parole significative, chiamate ‘parole-guida’, ciascuna delle quali si pone a capo di un gruppo o insieme o ─ per usare una di quelle parole tratte dall’astronomia che compaiono nell’opera della Morante ─ “costellazione” di parole, costellazione terminologica come già detto, contenente un numero di parole che nell’opera della Morante sono alla parola-guida legate per affinità tematica.
Come fosse un gioco di scatole cinesi, all’interno di ciascuna costellazione terminologica sono stati creati dei sottoinsiemi. Ogni sottoinsieme possiede a sua volta una parola-guida, resa graficamente in carattere minore, e contiene termini imparentati tematicamente ad essa e alla parola-guida che tutto contiene.
La chiave interpretativa offerta e le soluzioni trovate, già presenti nella Seconda parte, Lessico, nella selezione delle schede-contesto, cioè nella scelta degli esempi utili alla costruzione delle voci, verranno approfondite in Spunti per un’analisi critica, sezione con intento esplicativo, d’approfondimento delle parole-lemma e del loro inserimento nell’ambito culturale e storico della Morante, ovvero nella sezione propriamente di critica letteraria che sulla parte lessicale fonda le proprie analisi e ipotesi.
Se consideriamo diacronicamente l’opera complessiva della Morante da un lato appare chiara – come alcuni approcci linguistici ad essa hanno dimostrato – la metamorfosi oltre che necessariamente tematica, stilistica (variazione dei registri, la presenza o assenza di pluringuismo ecc.) dall’altro lato meno evidente ma altrettanto determinante ai fini di una migliore conoscenza dell’opera e dell’autrice l’esistenza di un nucleo che nel sistema lessicale morantiano si mantiene saldo e stabile dagli inizi alla fine della sua carriera artistica. Certamente col passare del tempo si aggiungeranno nuovi lessemi che non andranno ad intaccare i precedenti, i quali a loro volta possono diventare polisemi o aggiungere nuovi sensi accanto a quelli originari.
Con questo lavoro si tenta di individuare e analizzare se non tutto, almeno in parte, proprio quel nucleo di lessemi.The careful search for and choice of the right word dominate the creative world of Elsa Morante and are evident from examination of her manuscripts: her lists of words are quite well-known, testifying to a continuous work for identifying the most appropriate one, best suited to a given context.
As a perceptive reader, as a discerning literary academic geared to certain areas of linguistics, by reading and rereading with appropriate tools, by cross-referencing from one work to another and noting the points of contact, constant and repetitive, coming back with new valences or the same as in the past, I decided to undertake this work, Per un Lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante (For an intellectual Lexicon of Elsa Morante), divided into various interrelated parts: the Introduction that states the reasons which led to its formulation, the methods used and the works selected for lexicographical analysis; followed by Part One, Ideas for a critical analysis, which provides the critical section of Part Two, namely the actual lexicon proper with entries and related explanatory files, drawn up by taking into account the norms of the Centre for European Intellectual Lexicon. In this second part, entitled Lexicon, for each term are provided meaningful contexts (context-files) of sufficient amplitude in order to make them independently comprehensive so as to create an entry in the Lexicon. The Lexicon does not include all the words present in the works I examined, but only those considered most representative of the writer's creative output. Part Three, Index locorum, has the task of offering the results of the complete examination of each entry included in the Lexicon, conducted with the use of computer calculations; it was created to foster a more objective analysis, for verification of the work proposed here on the part of any scholar who may be interested, to show the choices made (and endorse or question them): the occurrences entered into the Lexicon as the most significant examples of a given item as well as the occurrences discarded. At the end is the Bibliography, including the texts useful for the development of my study, with information on the works of Elsa Morante and the list of books, essays and articles on the author and related topics, whether cited or only consulted.
A lexicographical analysis of the entire literary production of Elsa Morante does not appear in these pages. I have set myself a goal confined to three books: Letters to Antonio, Alibi and Aracoeli, with the intention of bringing forth these three texts, which, with respect to Menzogna e sortilegio (House Of Liars), L’isola di Arturo (Arturo's Island), Il Mondo salvato dai ragazzini (The World Saved by Children) and La Storia (History) have been neglected and not always analyzed with due attention.
Literary criticism, lexical semantics or lexicology, and lexicography lay the bases useful in creating For an intellectual Lexicon of Elsa Morante, allowing more certain formulations on the activity, thought and language of the writer, about the study of the meanings and nuances of her “individual language” and regarding the inexorable historical and cultural factors which influence it. Literary and linguistic history, therefore, as envisaged by the father of stylistic criticism, Leo Spitzer, to better understand the author studied.
In the Lexicon, the entries are in alphabetical order. So that the overall work creates an intersection of the various parts as to generate a complete organism, it should be noted that ways have been identified for a more flexible reading of the Lexicon ─ expanded upon further in Part One, namely the critical section ─ focused on certain significant terms, each of which is the focus of terminological and thus conceptual patterns. One can create interdependent sets of terms and concepts to examine interrelatedly in order to achieve a general view of the examples put forward to explain the Morantian terminology.
Through systematic analysis have been identified several significant words, called “guide-words”, each of which stands at the head of a group or set or ─ to use one of those words taken from astronomy which appear in the works of Morante ─ a "constellation" of words, a terminological constellation as mentioned above, containing a number of words which in the works of Morante are related to the guide-word through thematic affinity.
Like a Russian matryoshka doll, within each terminological constellation subsets are created. Each subset in turn has a guide-word, graphically expressed in smaller characters, and contains terms related to it thematically and to the overall word-guide containing everything.
The interpretative key provided and the solutions found, already included in Part Two, Lexicon, in the selection of the context-files, i.e. in the choice of examples useful for creating entries, will be expanded upon in Ideas for a critical analysis. This section has an explanatory intent, expanding upon the word-entries and their inclusion in the cultural and historical environment of Morante. Furthermore, the section of literary criticism itself bases its analyses and assumptions on the lexical sphere.
If we consider the whole range of Morante’s works diachronically, on one hand it appears clear - as some linguistic approaches to it have shown – that the metamorphosis beyond being necessarily thematic is stylistic (variation in register, the presence or absence of multilingualism, etc.) On the other hand, less obvious but equally essential for a better understanding of the work and of the author, is the existence of a core which in the Morantian lexical system keeps itself solid and stable from the beginning to the end of her career. Certainly over time new lexemes will come to be added that will not affect the preceding ones, which in turn may become polysemes or add new meaning alongside the original ones.
With this work an attempt is made to identify and analyze, if not all, at least a part of, that very core of lexemes
Efektivitas Air Kelapa Hijau untuk Mengurangi Dismenore Primer Pada Remaja Putri di Puskesmas Binuangeun Lebak- Banten
No full textABSTRACT Based on the Lebak District Health Office's adolescent report in 2022, there were 1178 cases of menstrual disorders in adolescents. Based on reports from the youth program at the Binuangeun Inpatient Health Center UPTD, as of November 2022, 43.5% of teenagers experienced dysmenorrhea or menstrual disorders. The way to treat dysmenorrhea is pharmacological and non-pharmacological, non-pharmacological using green coconut water with the highest K element content. Green coconut water contains calcium 11-25 mg/l, magnesium 6-22 mg/l, potassium 1-8 mg/l, sodium 9-25 mg/l, bicarbonate 71-187 mg/l, chioride 1-25 mg/l l, sulfate 2-33 mg/l, silica 62-87 mg/l, TDS 88-190 mg/l, pH 6.7-7.2 To determine the effectiveness of green coconut water in reducing primary dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents girls at the Binuangeun Community Health Center, Wanasalam District, Lebak Regency, Banten Province in 2024. This research design used a quasi-experimental with pre-test and pot test non-equivalent control group design. This study aims to analyze the differences between the 2 groups regarding the timing of administration of green coconut water, in the treatment group it was given 2 days before menstruation until 2 days of menstruation and in the control group on the first day of menstruation until 2 days of menstruation. The population of this study was teenagers with a sample of 60 people. The research was conducted in June-July 2024. The average reduction in the pain scale in the treatment group was found to be a mean of 2.03 - median of 2, a standard deviation of 0.718 with the lowest pain being 1 and the highest being . The average decrease in pain scale in the control group was mean 3.33, -median 3, standard deviation 0.661 with the lowest pain 2 and the highest 4. Results using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test at a significance level of 95%, obtained a ρ - value of more than 0.000 less than a significant value of 0.05 that there is a significant effect of reducing pain between the intervention group and the control group. Giving green coconut water to reduce primary dysmenorrhea is more effective given 2 days before menstruation until 2 days of menstruation. Keywords: Adolescent Primary Dysmenorrhea, Green Coconut Water ABSTRAK Berdasarkan laporan remaja Dinkes Kabupaten Lebak tahun 2022 terdapat 1178 kasus gangguan haid pada remaja. Berdasarkan laporan program remaja di UPTD Puskesmas Rawat Inap Binuangeun sampai dengan November 2022 terdapat 43,5% remaja mengalami dismenore atau gangguan haid. Cara penanganan dismenore yaitu secara farmakologi dan non farmakologi, non farmakologi menggunakan air kelapa hijau dengan kandungan unsur K paling tinggi. Air kelapa hijau mengandung kalsium 11-25 mg/l, magnesium 6-22 mg/l, kalium 1-8 mg/l, natrium 9-25 mg/l, bikarbonat 71-187 mg/l, chioride 1-25 mg/l, sulfat 2-33 mg/l, silica 62-87 mg/l, TDS 88-190 mg/l, pH 6,7-7,2. Untuk mengetahui efektivitas air kelapa hijau terhadap pengurangan nyeri dismenore primer pada remaja putri di Puskesmas Binuangeun Kecamatan Wanasalam Kabupaten Lebak Provinsi Banten Tahun 2024. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan quasi eksperiman dengan pre test dan pot test non equivalent control group design. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa perbedaan dari 2 kelompok dengan waktu pemberian air kelapa hijau, pada kelompok perlakuan diberikan 2 hari sebelum mentruasi sampai 2 hari masa menstruasi dan pada kelompok kontrol pada hari pertama menstruasi sampai 2 hari masa menstruasi. Populasi penelitian ini adalah remaja dengan sampel 60 orang. penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Juli 2024. Didapatkan rata-rata penurunan skala nyeri pada kelompok perlakuan yaitu mean 2,03 -median 2, standar daviasi 0,718 dengan nyeri terendah 1 dan tertinggi . Rata-rata penurunan skala nyeri pada kelompok control yaitu mean 3,33, -median 3, standar daviasi 0,661 dengan nyeri terendah 2 dan tertinggi 4. Hasil menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test pada tingkat kemaknaan 95%, didapatkan nilai ρ – Value 0,000 lebih kecil dari nilai signifikan 0,05 bahwa terdapat pengaruh signifikan penurunan rasa nyeri antara kelompok intervensi dan kelompok control. Pemberian air kelapa hijau untuk mengurangi dismenore primer lebih efektif diberikan 2 hari sebelum menstruasi sampai 2 hari masa menstrusi. Kata Kunci: Remaja Dismenore Primer, Air Kelapa Hija
Pengaruh Tingkat Kemasakan Dan Konsentrasi Gula Terhadap Karakteristik Fisik, Kimia Dan Organoleptik Pada Pembuatan Produk Lempok Jambu Biji Merah (Psidium Guajava L.)
Full text linkJambu biji merah(Psidium guajava) merupakan jenis buah tropis yang
tumbuh di Indonesia secara melimpah yaitu dengan tingkat produktifitas buah
sebesar 2.708.515 pohon dengan jumlah panen sebesar 187.406 ton. Akan
tetapi, pemanfaatan dan penanganan yang kurang tepat membuat buah tersebut
menjadi banyak terbuang sia-sia karena mengalami pembusukan. Salah satu
cara untuk menangani hal tersebut yaitu dengan mengolahnya menjadi produk
pangan yang memiliki umur simpan lebih lama dan memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi.
Produk makanan olahan berbahan baku jambu biji merah yang dapat
dikembangkan adalah lempok jambu biji merah . Lempok merupakan salah satu
makanan tradisional berbentuk produk semi basah yang berbahan baku daging
durian yang memiliki rasa manis serta memiliki tekstur yang lunak. Dalam
pembuatan lempok tingkat kemasakan konsentrasi gula berpengaruh terhadap
proses pembentukan gel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh
perbedaan tingkat kemasakan dan konsentrasi gula terhadap karakteristik fisik,
kimia dan organoleptik lempok jambu biji merahserta mengetahui interaksi antara
perlakuan tersebut.
Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan
analisis metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Faktor I adalah
tingkat kemasakan buah jambu biji merah yang terdiri dari 3 level (setengah
masak ; masak ; kelewat masak), dan faktor II adalah konsentrasi gula yang
terdiri dari 3 level yakni 5%, 7,5% dan 10% sehingga diperoleh 9 kombinasi
perlakuan dengan masing- masing 3 kali ulangan, dan diperoleh 27 satuan
percobaan. Jika hasil uji menunjukkan terdapat interaksi beda nyata, maka
dilakukan uji DMRT, Namun jika hasil uji tidak menunjukan interaksi beda nyata
maka dilakukan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Data hasil uji organoleptik
dianalisis menggunakan uji Hedonic Scale Scoring. Pemilihan Perlakuan terbaik
menggunakan metode Multiple Atribute.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemasakan kemasakan dan
konsentrasi gula yang berbeda memiliki interaksi pada kadar air lempok. Namun
tidak terdapat interaksi pada parameter yang lain. Perlakuan tingkat kemasakan
dan konsentrasi gula berpengaruh sangat nyata (α=0,01) terhadap kadar air,
kadar gula, vitamin C (asam askorbat), tingkat kecerahan (L*), tingkat kemerahan
(a*), warna, aroma, rasa dan tekstur organoleptik. Perlakuan terbaik menurut
parameter fisik dan kimia dan organoleptik adalah lempok jambu biji merah
dengan tingkat kemasakan kelewat masak dan konsentrasi gula 10% dengan
nilai kadar air (14,18%), vitamin C (asam askorbat) (49,40 mg/100g), total gula
(45,49%), serat kasar (1,37%), tekstur (3,82 N), tingkat kecerahan L* (42,78),
tingkat kemerahan a* (26,78), tingkat kekuningan b* (26,43)
Rancang Bangun Mesin Pemisah Daging Buah dan Tempurung Kelapa (Cocos nucifera, L.) dengan Sumber Penggerak Motor Listrik
Full text linkIndonesia kaya akan sumber daya alamnya, termasuk untuk jenis tanaman kelapa, tanaman ini termasuk jenis tanaman yang mempunyai buah cukup besar. Seluruh bagian dari tanaman kelapa memiliki manfaat bagi kehidupan manusia. Pada proses manual dalam memisahkan antara daging buah dan tempurung kelapa memakan waktu yang lama, untuk mengefisienkan pekerjaan dalam pemisahan tempurung dan daging buah kelapa, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian “Rancang Bangun Mesin Pemisah Daging Buah dan Tempurung Kelapa (Cocos nucifera, L.) dengan Sumber Penggerak Motor Listrik”. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan dua tahap, yaitu tahap pembuatan alat dan pengujian alat, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan September-November 2016 di Laboratorium Produksi dan Manajemen Alat dan Mesin Pertanian, Program Studi Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Universitas Andalas, Padang. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sebuah mesin pemisah antara daging buah dan tempurung kelapa. Perancangan mesin pemisah antara daging buah dan tempurung kelapa ini terdiri dari rangka utama, penutup, pisau peretak, pipa pemisah dan motor listrik sebagai tenaga penggeraknya. Daya motor listrik yang digunakan yaitu 0,25 HP. Berdasarkan pengujian yang dilakukan didapatkan rata-rata kapasitas kerja 32 buah/jam, dan energi spesifik yang dibutuhkan sebesar 20.160 Joule/buah. Rata-rata waktu pemisahan daging buah dan tempurung kelapa yang paling tinggi terdapat pada tingkat kematangan 1 (muda) sebesar 132,16 detik. Hal ini disebabkan karena buah kelapa yang muda daging buahnya masih lunak sehingga sulit dipisahkan dengan tempurungnya. Biaya pokok yang didapatkan untuk memisahkan daging buah dan tempurung kelapa untuk satu buah kelapa sebesar Rp 333,75, sedangkan titik impasnya dapat dicapai apabila mesin sudah bekerja selama 71 hari kerja/tahun.
Kata Kunci : daging buah, kelapa, mesin pemisah, motor listrik, tempurung kelap
VALIDASI METODE DAN PENETAPAN KADAR VITAMIN C DALAM BERBAGAI SEDIAAN BIT (Beta vulgaris L) MENGGUNAKAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV
Full text linkBuah bit (Beta vulgaris L) merupakan salah satu buah yang
mengandung vitamin C. Vitamin C merupakan senyawa yang tidak stabil, karena
itu kadar vitamin C dapat berkurang oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya perlakuan.
Perlakuan dapat berupa suhu, penyimpanan dan pengolahan. Tujuan penelitian ini
untuk mengetahui kriteria validasi metode secara spektrofotometri UV sudah
memenuhui kriteria atau belum serta mengetahui kadar vitamin C dalam buah bit
berdasarkan perbedaan bentuk sediaan.
Metode : Penelitian dilakukan dengan eksperimental laboratorium, dilakukan
validasi metode dengan parameter yaitu lineraitas, presisi, batas deteksi (LOD) dan
batas kuantitas (LOQ), serta akurasi, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penetapan kadar
vitamin C secara kuantitatif dengan metode spektrofotometri UV.
Hasil: Validasi metode uji linieritas menghasilkan nilai r=0,9993. LOD sebesar
0,4469 ppm, LOQ sebedar 1,4896 ppm, uji presisi (%RSD) 0,406% dan uji akurasi
%recovery pada penambahan baku 6 ppm, 8 ppm dan 10 ppm berturut-turut sebesar
96,24% ; 97,35% ; 97,59%. Panjang gelombang maksimum yaitu pada panjang
gelombang 267 nm dengan persamaan regresi linier y = 0,0553x + 0,1349 diperoleh
kadar vitamin C pada sampel sari, rebusan dan ekstrak berturut-turut sebesar 4,348
± 0,027 mg/100g ; 3,455 ± 0,046 mg/100g ; 37,75 ± 0,28 mg/100g. Hasil uji One-
Way Anova menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kadar vitamin C
seluruh sampel. Hasil uji lanjut Post Hoc LSD menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan
terdapat pada kelompok sampel ekstrak.
Simpulan : Hasil validasi metode analisis kadar vitamin C dalam sampel buah bit
menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV memenuhi persyaratan. Kadar vitamin
C pada sampel sari, rebusan dan ekstrak berturut-turut sebesar 4.348 ± 0.027 mg /
100g ; 3.455 ± 0.046 mg/100g ; 37,75 ± 0.28 mg/100g. Analisis statistik
menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan terdapat pada kelompok sampel ekstrak
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