12 research outputs found
Plant density and water management effect to leaf folder and narrow brown spot severity in irrigated rice
No full textRice Leaf Folder and Narrow Brown Spot cause yield losses of rice production. Environmental factors are suggested effects the severity of them. This research was aimed to determine the effect of plant density and water management to the severity of these pest and disease in the agro ecosystem of irrigated paddy field. Research was conducted using Inpari 44 variety in Godean Sleman Yogyakarta, April to July 2020. Experimental design was randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were plant density (high = 50 kg ha-1 and low = 25 kg ha-1) and water management (alternate wetting and drying/AWD, and continues flooding). Results showed that highest attack intensity of leaf folder (25%) was occurred in 42nd days after planting in high plant density with AWD. Meanwhile, highest severity of narrow brown spot (58%) was found in 63rd days after planting in plant with low density and continues flooding. High leaf folder attack intensity was caused by high plant density, but not effected by water management. At the other side, high severity of narrow brown spot was affected by water management, but not effected by plant density
Pengaruh Frekuensi Pengairan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai
Get PDFIrrigation Frequency Effects on Growth and Yield of Soybean. Improvement of soil moisture in fields after rice planting should be applied to support the growth and yield of soybean. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of varieties and irrigation frequency on growth and yield of soybean. The trial was conducted a in ricefield of Sumberharjo village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region from July to October 2012 in dry season with “Marga Mulyo” farmer group as the cooperator in rice field of region. Split plot design with the three replication was used in this trial. The main plot were three soybean varieties and the sub plot were four irrigation frequencies. The plot size was 15 m x 10 m. The result showed that there were no significant interaction between variety and irrigation frequencies. The yield of Tanggamus (3.20 t/ha) was higher than Ijen (2.76 t/ha) as well as Anjasmoro (2.15 t/ha). Inspite of no signicant effect of irrigation frequency, improving soil moisture tent to support an optimal growth and production. However, this on farm trial produced 46.7 – 48.5% higher yield (2,737 – 2,899 kg/ha) than Yogyakarta average yield (1,336 and 1,489 kg/ha) in 2012 and 2013
Integrated Pest Management of Hybrid Rice to Support Rice Sovereignty Program in Yogyakarta
No full textABSTRACT
Annual rice consumption always increases as the increase of Indonesian
population. Rice is the main food for Indonesian. With rice sovereignty program,
Indonesia government is going to target 80.1 million tons of rice production in 2018
through special effort since 2015. Planting hybrid rice is one of some technologies to
increase rice production. However, hybrid rice is relatively a new technology that should
be scaled up years after and becomes new challenge. Although it has not been largely
adopted in Yogyakarta, the assessment of pest and disease on hybrid rice is important,
because pest and disease is one major constraint for Yogyakarta rice production,
particularly brown plant hoppers and bacterial leaf blight. One cause of brown plant
hoppers outbreaks in rice fields is unsynchronized planting of rice crops, susceptible
variety, and low management practices. An assessment on the influence of hybrid rice
varieties and integrated pest management (IPM) to the abundance of insects and
diseases intensity is important. Insect abundance, particularly the varies of natural
enemies affected pest control management decision. The research was conducted in
Sleman District, Yogyakarta in rainy season of 2017/2018. The objective was to
determine the dominant pests and diseases in hybrid rice and to determine the insect
abundance as an effect of IPM due to save rice production. Dominant pests found in
Yogyakarta hybrid rice are brown plant hopper, stem borer, and leaf folder, while the
natural enemies are Coccinelids, Tetragnatha, Micraspis, Cythorinus, Ophionea, and
spiders. Bacterial leaf blight and blast were found as the dominant diseases
The Diversity of Shallot Rhizomicrobiome and Twisted Disease Suppression with The Applicationof Bacillus spp. and Trichoderma asperellum
Get PDFTwisted disease (Fusarium spp.) is an endemic disease that reduces shallot production in the coastal land area of Samas, Bantul, Yogyakarta. The application of Bacillus spp. can suppress the twisted disease by secreting secondary metabolites and enhancing soil suppressiveness. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding spraying Bacillus spp. on the disease incidence, production of shallots, and their effect on the diversity of rhizomicrobiome by culture microbe approaches. Bacillus spp. with a density 108 cfu mL-1, Trichoderma asperellum 106 cfu mL-1 was applied by spraying to the shallot. Fungicide chlorothalonil, propiconazole, and prochloraz were used to control the disease. The diversity of rhizobacteria and fungi was analyzed using the ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) method. Based on the analysis result, the addition of spraying B. velezensis B-27, combination B. velezensis B-27 and B. cereus RC76, and T. asperellum was unable to enhance the suppression of twisted disease, but it was able to enhance the production of shallot bulbs reaching 7.10, 7.80, and 8.43 ton ha-1. Furthermore, the result revealed the diversity of the rhizomicrobiome, spraying Bacillus sp. showed 39% differences in bacterial diversity with control while T. asperellum caused 43% difference in the diversity. Spraying Bacillus spp. has not been able to suppress the incidence of twisted diseases compared to control. However, the similar disease incidence on a spraying Bacillus spp. and control showed a higher production until 70% compared to control. This result showed that the addition of spraying Bacillus spp. able to increase the tolerance of shallot plants toward twisted disease
Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) diseases in different composition of fertilizer
Get PDFCurcuma or Java Turmeric as traditional medicine has given significant contribution in industrial empowerment. The demand increased, following the increase of food and drink industry based on curcuma. Therefore, extensification and intensification in curcuma cultivation was developed, included variety and fertilizer composition. Combination of chemical and organic fertilizer was used to increase the yield. However, the effect of fertilizer to plant disease intensity should be determined. Based on the observation at month 6th, the dominant diseases were Fusarium wilt, leaf spots caused by Phyllosticta sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Gloeosporium sp. The greatest percentage of Fusarium wilt (11.11%) was found in variety Cursina 1 that received organic fertilizer 10 ton/ha, with disease intensity 60.52%; whilst the lowest percentage (0%) was found in Cursina 2 that received organic fertilizer. The greatest percentage of leaf spot was seen in Cursina 2 that was given organic fertilizer, with disease intensity 41.67%; whilst the lowest percentage was found in Cursina 1 that received the combination of organic fertilizer 10 ton/ha, 100 kg/ha urea, 100 kg/ha KCl, and 100 kg/ha SP-36, with disease intensity 18.06%.Keywords: curcuma, disease, fertilize
The effect of antagonistic microbial and seed bulb-size on fusarium wilt and yield of shallot
No full textThe effort to suppress the development of fusarium wilt disease is by a consortium of antagonistic microbes. This study aimed to determine the effect of microbial consortium and bulb size on the development of fusarium wilt disease and the effect on plant resistance of small bulbs to fusarium wilt. This research was conducted on coastal land, Sri Gading Village, Sanden District, Bantul Regency. The experiment used a split-plot with 2 factors : seed treatment and bulb size with 8 treatments. The factors include K1U1: Consortia microbial and small bulbs, K1U2: Consortia microbial and medium bulbs, K1U3: Consortia microbial and big bulbs, K1U4: Consortia microbial and mixed bulbs, K2U1: Without consortia microbial and small bulbs, K2U2: Without consortia microbial and medium bulbs, K2U3: Without consortia microbial and big bulbs, K2U4: Without consortia microbial and mixed bulbs. Data were analyzed statistically SAS (Statistical Analysis System) ANOVA 5% and further tested with DMRT (Duncan's Multiple Distance Test) at the 5% level of significance. The percentage data which is not normally distributed are transformed to transformation arcsin√x. The results showed there was no interaction between the use of microbial consortium and bulb size on the development of fusarium wilt disease and yield of shallot. The giving of consortium antagonists could not increase plant resistance to fusarium wilt and yield. The decline in production is generally related to climate change which has an impact on increasing plant diseases. There is a need for cultivation adaptation in dealing with the effects of climate change
Curcuma (Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Roxb) Diseases in Different Composition of Fertilizer
No full textCurcuma or Java Turmeric as traditional medicine has given significant contribution in industrial empowerment. The demand increased, following the increase of food and drink industry based on curcuma. Therefore, extensification and intensification in curcuma cultivation was developed, included variety and fertilizer composition. Combination of chemical and organic fertilizer was used to increase the yield. However, the effect of fertilizer to plant disease intensity should be determined. Based on the observation at month 6th, the dominant diseases were Fusarium wilt, leaf spots caused by Phyllosticta sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Gloeosporium sp. The greatest percentage of Fusarium wilt (11.11%) was found in variety Cursina 1 that received organic fertilizer 10 ton/ha, with disease intensity 60.52%; whilst the lowest percentage (0%) was found in Cursina 2 that received organic fertilizer. The greatest percentage of leaf spot was seen in Cursina 2 that was given organic fertilizer, with disease intensity 41.67%; whilst the lowest percentage was found in Cursina 1 that received the combination of organic fertilizer 10 ton/ha, 100 kg/ha urea, 100 kg/ha KCl, and 100 kg/ha SP-36, with disease intensity 18.06%
Rice yield estimation using vegetation indexes derived from Sentinel-2 imagery for sustainable agriculture
No full textAbstract Organic farming has emerged as a sustainable alternative in agricultural production, supported by a growing market demand for organic products. Leveraging advanced remote sensing technology, particularly Sentinel-2 optical imagery, this study aimed to estimate rice yield and monitor crop conditions in organic rice fields. Two vegetation indices—Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)—were evaluated across 30 agricultural parcels in Candipuro District, Lumajang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, using data from two harvest periods. Statistical analyses were performed using several methods such as Spearman’s rho, linear regression, coefficient of determination (R2) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). For estimation accuracy, the best model fit achieved using EVI; notably for the second harvest period with R2 = 0.70 and RMSE = 0.03 t ha− 1. However, NDVI performed as well as NDVI but it was slightly less accurate woth R2 = 0.61 and RMSE = 0.05 ton/hectare. Our findings indicate that Sentinel-2-derived EVI can be used to estimate yields in organic rice farming with reasonable accuracy. This approach may support farmers and policymakers in making more informed decisions toward sustainable agricultural practices
Evolving farmer requirements for rice varieties in Indonesia
No full textFor many years, Indonesia relied on high-input use to maintain yields with low-yielding varieties. Farmers’ demand for high-yielding varieties was met through participatory action research, which introduced new high-yielding varieties in combination with best agronomic practices in Yogyakarta, Java, one of the main rice-growing regions in Indonesia. The present brief evaluates the changing varietal requirements in Indonesia. The Closing Rice Yield Gap in Asia (CORIGAP) Project provides a case study of how new requirements for high-yielding varieties took hold. In addition, evolving farmer requirements were evaluated through the Market Intelligence Initiative. Data were obtained from three longitudinal surveys and also interviews with 20 farmers investigating current and future varietal needs. Results show farmers switching from low-yielding varieties (e.g., IR 64 and Ciherang) to high-yielding ones (e.g., Inpari 42 and 43). This turnover was accompanied by changing agronomic practices—in particular, nutrient and rodent management promoted during the project. The interviews show that farmers use direct seeding as crop establishment and production takes place in tidal-swamp areas in other parts of Indonesia. Neither direct-seeding nor tidals wamp areas are currently included in the market segmentation. Production in tidal swamps has the capacity to increase the size of the rice-growing area 45 times, to 9.9 million ha. While farmers currently grow high-yielding varieties, these varieties are not suitable for tidal swamp areas; farmers require varieties that are adapted to this ecological zone—a market segment not currently defined. Furthermore, climate change is causing extensive droughts. Drought resistance is new to Indonesia, which traditionally suffers more from floods, requiring that it be incorporated into the current TPPs to reduce yield loss due to extended drought periods during the dry season
Pengembangan Budi Daya Tanaman Garut dan Teknologi Pengolahannya untuk Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan
Get PDFKetahanan pangan merupakan salah satu tujuan pembangunan pertanian. Selain itu, ketahanan pangan adalah bagian dari ketahanan nasional. Garut merupakan sumber bahan pangan lokal yang memiliki potensi dan perlu dilestarikan guna mendukung ketahanan pangan. Tanaman garut adaptif terhadap kondisi lingkungan, mampu tumbuh pada lahan marginal atau di bawah tegakan tanaman hutan. Hasil umbi garut berkisar antara 9-12 t/ha dengan kandungan pati 1,92-2,56 t/ha. Umbi garut dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku industri pengolahanpangan, yaitu pati dan emping garut. Umbi garut bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, sebagai sumber serat pangan dan memiliki indeks glikemik yang lebih rendah dibandingkan umbi-umbian lainnya. Pati garut dapat mensubstitusi penggunaan terigu dalam berbagai produk pangan dengan tingkat substitusi 50-100%
