130,514 research outputs found
Analysis of the freeze-out parameters for RHIC, SPS and AGS based on ratio measurement
No full textIn the presented paper ratio is analyzed in the framework of a single-freeze-out thermal hadron gas model. Decays of hadron resonances are taken into account in evaluations of the ratio. The predictions of the model at the freeze-out parameters previously established from observed particle yields agree very well with the ratio measured at RHIC, SPS and AGS
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Scholarly Communication and Publishing Lunch and Learn Talk #11: The ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund
No full textAt the May 2014 talk, you will learn about the ULS Open Access Author Fee Fund--what it is, why we do it, how it works, and how the program is going so far
The R&D Tax Incentives
No full textThis article sets out some background information and reflections of the author on the R&D tax incentive schemes included in the Common Corporate Tax Base (CCTB) Proposal. In particular the author analyzes the stimulus to private R&D through ad hoc tax incentives included in the CCTB Proposal and dives into the actual provisions included in the Proposal highlighting the most relevant issues connected with their design and interpretation. Moreover, the author explores the interaction between the CCTB Proposal and the granting by Member States of domestic R&D tax incentives
Fabrication of 3-D Nanoscale Structures of Arbitrary Shape by a Single-step E-beam Grayscale Lithographic Process
No full textThree dimensional (3-D) structures are widely utilized and critical to device functionality in many applications, such as PBG (photonic band gap) crystals, DOE's (diffractive optical elements), blazed gratings, MEMS, NEMS etc. The performance characteristics of such structures are highly sensitive to their dimensional fidelity, which is strongly influenced by the fabrication process. In most cases, the fabricated structures were of microscale and regular shapes and their applications were therefore prohibited accordingly. In this study, grayscale electron beam lithography and reactive ion etching were employed to fabricate complex 3-D structures. With the aid of a unique algorithm, PYRAMID which aims at correcting proximity effect of EBL, three arbitrary shape 3-D structures were successfully fabricated on photoresist and Si substrate respectively. A series of major factors involved in fabrication process, dose coefficient, base dose, spot size, line spacing, developing time, developer concentration and ultrasonic agitation were studied one by one along with fabrication results. Design of Experiment was used to statistically determine the significance of individual factor and the cross effect of multiple factors and perform an optimization and prediction based upon existed experimental results. It is revealed that base dose, developing time, developer concentration and their interactions are significant factors in terms of as-fabricated structure geometry and resolution. A response optimization based upon experimental results were performed and 20 solutions were found consequently. Compare these solutions with the experimental factors used to achieve optimum response, it is concluded that the optimized solutions agree with experimental data
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