169 research outputs found
Cross-Border Mobility in Italy: Some Considerations in Response to the Recent Commentaries
No full textThe paper “Regional incentives and patient cross-border mobility” received three commentaries, each adopting a different perspective on patients’ mobility issue. Starting with Neri,1 the author deeply examines the paper, by considering and commenting each step of the analysis
Five Solutions to the REMS Patent Problem
No full textTwo principles collide in the pharmaceutical industry. On the one hand, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approves potentially dangerous drugs under Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (“REMS”) programs when a drug’s benefits outweigh its risks. But on the other hand, brand firms can prevent generic competition by patenting these programs. REMS patents, which claim compliance with FDA-imposed REMS programs, pose two problems—one procedural, the other substantive. First, current practice is to list REMS patents in the Orange Book even though such listings may be invalid, with this conduct allowing the brand to obtain an automatic 30- month stay of generic approval. Second, because a REMS program appears on a product’s label and generics must copy that label, REMS patents threaten generics with claims of induced infringement. We offer five solutions to these problems. First, we target brands’ listings of REMS patents in the Orange Book, proposing that generic firms sued for infringement file counterclaims to delist REMS patents and that the FDA issue guidance making clear that REMS patents cannot be listed. Second, we suggest more rigorous scrutiny of REMS patents in the courts and at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Third, we apply the Supreme Court’s four-factor eBay test to conclude that courts should award damages rather than injunctions in cases of infringement. Fourth, we suggest that Congress amend the Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 to mitigate the effects of REMS patents. And fifth, we recommend that, similar to the treatment of tax-strategy patents in the America Invents Act, Congress deem REMS patents to fall within the prior art
An innocent at home: Scott Pilgrim and his Canadian multicultural contexts
No full textbook chapterThe chapter, "An innocent at home: Scott Pilgrim and his Canadian multicultural contexts" was written by the listed authors Brenna Clarke Gray and Peter Wilkins (Douglas College Faculty). Part of the Routledge research in cultural and media studies series.Published
The effectiveness of creative writing on lowering mathematics anxiety and increasing standardized test scores in middle school
No full textThis study was designed to determine whether or not creative writing prior to “high-stakes” mathematics examinations was affective in reducing mathematics stress, anxiety, and/or worry. The participants chosen for the study were 26 sixth grade students in a middle school mathematics class. All participants were assigned to either a High Anxiety or Low Anxiety distinction based on an anxiety survey requiring students to rank the level of math anxiety they felt in various mathematics scenarios. Participants were then screened for mathematics ability by scores on standardized and district mathematics exams, and assigned to experimental and control conditions. Results were comprised of individual test scores on two high stakes exams, and analyzed specifically for growth across two installments of each exam. Analysis of growth scores showed that exposure to the experimental creative writing condition was successful for some groups
CD4+ T Follicular Helper Cells in Human Tonsils and Blood Are Clonally Convergent but Divergent from Non-Tfh CD4+ Cells
No full textT follicular helper (Tfh) cells are fundamental for B cell selection and antibody maturation in germinal centers. Circulating Tfh (cTfh) cells constitute a minor proportion of the CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood, but their clonotypic relationship to Tfh populations resident in lymph nodes and the extent to which they differ from non-Tfh CD4+ cells have been unclear. Using donor-matched blood and tonsil samples, we investigate T cell receptor (TCR) sharing between tonsillar Tfh cells and peripheral Tfh and non-Tfh cell populations. TCR transcript sequencing reveals considerable clonal overlap between peripheral and tonsillar Tfh cell subsets as well as a clear distinction between Tfh and non-Tfh cells. Furthermore, influenza-specific cTfh cell clones derived from blood can be found in the repertoire of tonsillar Tfh cells. Therefore, human blood samples can be used to gain insight into the specificity of Tfh responses occurring in lymphoid tissues, provided that cTfh subsets are studied. © 2019 The AuthorsCD4+ T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are fundamental for antibody production. Brenna et al. demonstrate extensive repertoire overlap between Tfh populations in human blood and tonsils, whereas non-Tfh repertoires differ profoundly. Therefore, analysis of Tfh but not of total circulating CD4+ T cells can reflect the specificity of lymphoid tissue Tfh cells. © 2019 The Author
A Study of the Accuracy and Reliability of Sex Estimation Methods of the Human Pelvis
No full textABSTRACT\ud
A STUDY OF THE ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF SEX\ud
ESTIMATION METHODS OF THE HUMAN PELVIS\ud
by\ud
Brenna Kay Blanchard\ud
Master of Arts in Anthropology\ud
California State University, Chico\ud
Spring 2010\ud
Sex determination is an important first step in the development of a biological\ud
profile in human osteology, as methods to estimate other components of the profile\ud
depend on sex. The pelvis is the most sexually dimorphic anatomical region due to obstetrical\ud
requirements. This thesis tests sex estimation methods for the pelvis from three\ud
sources to determine rates of reliability and accuracy. The sex estimation methods recommended\ud
in Buikstra and Ubelaker, the Bruzek method, and the Murphy method were\ud
evaluated using remains curated at the California State University ??? Chico Human Identification\ud
Laboratory and the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection at the University\ud
of Tennessee, Knoxville.\ud
Intra- and interobserver error studies were performed to test reliability between\ud
two observations by the author and between the author and a second observer.\ud
xiii\ud
Intra-rater reliability was high for most traits and combinations of traits. The opposite\ud
was the case for inter-rater reliability. Concordance was assessed using Cohen???s kappa\ud
and paired t-tests.\ud
All traits, combinations of traits, and sex determinations for the Buikstra and\ud
Ubelaker and Bruzek methods were statistically significant when compared with biological\ud
sex. The Murphy method was statistically significant between the sexes. The\ud
morphological methods were evaluated using Pearson???s Chi-square and the Murphy\ud
method was assessed using independent samples t-tests. The Bruzek method categorized\ud
a high percentage of individuals as indeterminate. A revised version of the Bruzek\ud
method was proposed, tested, and resulted in a high correct classification rate and low\ud
error rate.\ud
A movement toward standardization is occurring in the forensic sciences,\ud
which includes finding error rates for identification methods. Validation studies are important\ud
for the future of the forensic sciences and the process of standardization because\ud
they establish the accuracy, reliability and error rates of previously published methods.CSU, Chic
Troubling Canadian community in Brian K. Vaughn’s 'We Stand on Guard'
No full textConference paper presented at the CACLALS (Canadian Association for Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies), 2016.
Last year, I presented some preliminary thoughts on how Canadianness is coded on the page in mainstream — meaning not indie; think Marvel, not D&Q — comics designed primarily for the American market, and in particular how Indigenous bodies are used as a short-hand for Canadianness, tracing this heritage from Nelvana of the North from the WWII-era Canadian Whites comics all the way to 2014’s Justice League Unlimited run by Canadian indie-artist-turned-big-2-superstar Jeff Lemire. Today’s paper builds on that work as I continue to interrogate how Canadian identity is constructed and exploited in mainstream American media for thematic ends, and what identities are appropriated and issues elided in the process.Not peer reviewedConference Pape
Industrial sustainability performance measurement systems: A novel framework.
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. the final version is available via the DOI in this record.Improved sustainability of industrial activities and measurement of its performance are becoming prime
topics of discussion among policy-makers and industrial decision-makers. The current literature proposes a number of performance measurement systems and related indicators, but mainly lacks a real
capability to address all sustainability pillars and their intersections, as well as scalability to firms of
different sizes, availability of internal resources, and maturity over sustainability issues, suggesting that
further research is needed in this area. Building on the literature, our work develops a new framework for
the evaluation of industrial sustainability performance, proposing three different Industrial Sustainability
Performance Measurement Systems (ISPMSs), with a decreasing number of indicators suitable in
different contexts of application. In the framework, selection mechanisms have been conceived and used
to reduce the number of indicators considered, while still guaranteeing complete and adequate coverage
of all sustainability pillars, as well as their intersections. The framework has been tested through semistructured case studies in heterogeneous Northern Italian manufacturing firms. The preliminary results
are sound as the different ISPMSs proved to be complete, useful, and easy to use. The proposed ISPMSs
provide industrial decision-makers with a scalable framework applicable in different contexts, allowing
benchmarking and development of specific implementation strategies for increased sustainability, and
provide policy-makers with a framework to develop a more effective regulatory policy, better understandin
Effects of burn season on bee and floral community in tallgrass prairies, and the use of museum collections data
No full textPrescribed fires (controlled burns) in tallgrass prairie systems are a common land management technique used across the United States to maintain species diversity. Burns are conducted either in the winter or early spring (dormant season) or in late summer and early fall (growing season). Prairies are rich in diverse bee taxa, including many solitary and social species. It is unknown if dormant season or growing season burns differentially affects the following year’s bee community and their resources. Chapter 1 addresses the question of how fires affect bees in prairie fragments in Illinois. Understanding the effects of the different burn seasons will aid future pollinator- and bee-friendly land management and restoration projects. In 2016 and 2017, bees were collected from seven prairie sites in south-central Illinois using active netting, pan traps, and vane traps. Overall, both burn seasons increased the amount of bare ground compared to unburned areas, but growing season burns contained greater total area of bare ground than dormant season burns. This resulted in an increase in abundance of below-ground nesting bee species after growing season burns. The decrease in nesting material for above-ground nesting bees in the burned treatments resulted in a lower proportional abundance of those species compared to areas that were not burned. However, comparing the dormant and growing seasons of burn, there was no effect on the overall bee community. Amount of semi-natural area in the landscape and the matrix surrounding each prairie fragment may play a larger role in maintaining stable bee communities in highly fragmented habitats. Land managers can burn during both seasons knowing that bee communities will not be adversely affected.
Chapter 2 utilizes the museum specimens housed at the Illinois Natural History Survey (INHS), University of Illinois, to address several issues concerning the use of museum collections to detect species distribution shifts and declines. Many changes to species distributions often occur over long time scales, where museum records are the only source of information regarding the historical occurrences of species. Efforts to digitize museum collections aids in identifying areas and species for conservation, but sampling biases and differences in specimen deposition into museum collections by various collectors over time, data entry errors, and misidentification of specimens can limit the accuracy of date collected from museums. This chapter describes the activities of compiling an updated Illinois bee species checklist of 455 species, correcting errors found in the INHS online database, and identifying potential new county and one state records (Diadasia enavata Cresson, 1872) for Illinois from the collections conducted in Chapter 1. Continued support for natural history museums across the country will allow future research on the impacts to ecosystems caused by human and natural influences.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2019-12-01The student, Brenna Decker, accepted the attached license on 2017-12-07 at 12:58.The student, Brenna Decker, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2017-12-07 at 13:05.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2017-12-08 at 12:02.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #11904 on 2018-03-13 at 09:57:38Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-13T15:28:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2017-12-08Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 105214
Lift date: 2020-03-13T15:28:52Z
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Enduring Recognition: the power of plasticity
No full textIn this article the author traces the limits of the philosophy and politics of recognition as manifest in colonial settler contexts. Forms of property ownership and ways of being, sutured by the racial body, are contained by a restricted economy of owning, knowing and being. Bringing the concept of plasticity to bear on the relationship between the body, property and the colonial, the author illuminates the ways in which practices of ownership that exceed the restricted economy of recognition exhibit a temporal and spatial plasticity in the context of the Palestinian struggles over land in the West Bank
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