673 research outputs found
Innovations Healthy Drinks in Source of Soybean in Community Empowerment through Entrepreneurship in Sukoharjo District
No full textCommunity service activities with IbM scheme have been done in home industry of soybean milk processing in Sraten and Kartasura Village, Sukoharjo District. The aim of activities are all partners able process soybean juice into health drink product in ready to drink packaging, adn next can be as new economic commodity to the community. In addition, partners are expected to have a clear administrative and governance system in finance, production and, marketing as an effort to empower communities in Sukoharjo District. Considering the benefits of this soy essence is so great then product diversification is needed so that the product is more acceptable to the market. This program is done through several stages namely 1) Making soybeans into ready-to-drink; 2) Transfer of packing technology; 3) Product marketing and management aspects of soybean processing into beverages in ready-to-drink packaging as well as; and 4) Feasibility analysis of beverage production business made from soybean. Through IbM, training and development of soya bean processing technology is made into an economic commodity product in the form of beverages in ready-to-drink packaging, which can provide new economic alternatives in the community. After this program, the community service activity was conducted with the training and mentoring approach to the two partners, it was able to increase the quantity and quality of soybean beverage production where the yield of production increased almost twice from the original
Cytotoxicity Effect of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System from Chloroform Extract of Bay Leaf (Syzygium Polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) with Oleic Acid as a Carrier
No full textBay leaves are used as food flavoring and also have medicinal properties. They may have cytotoxic effects derived from natural ingredients. The low efficacy of the therapy with an adequate dose preparation of the plant extract is due to its low solubility and oral bioavailability that is less than the maximum. Hence, this study aimed to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of the extract mainly for the chloroform extract of leaves that are not soluble in water by preparing a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS). Then, the potential cytotoxic effects of the SNEDDS of bay leaves were determined by calculating the value of IC50 on the T47D cell line. The cytotoxic effect of the SNEDDS of bay leaves was determined using an MTT assay, and the findings were read using an ELISA reader. Data analysis is calculated via linear regression methods by using Microsoft Excel software. The results showed that the SNEDDS of bay leaves performed cytotoxic effects on the T47D cell line with IC50 138 μg/mL. The results showed that the optimal composition formula SNEDDS, namely, Tween 20:PG:oleic acid = 2.25:2.25:0.5 in 5 mL SNEDDS preparation, which had a value of transmittance of 83.81% with emulsification time was less than 5 min; the average droplet size was 165.5 nm, and the zeta potential was −0.4 mV. The data analysis showed that the cytotoxicity effect of the SNEDDS of bay leaves is included in the moderate cytotoxic category.Keywords: Bay leaf, optimization, nanoemulsi, cytotoxicity
Inovasi dan Diversifikasi Produk Usaha Berbahan Spirulina di Kecamatan Tawangsari Kabupaten Sukoharjo
No full textSerbuk kering spirulina yang berasal dari Spirulina platensis memiliki banyak kandungan bahan aktif yang memiliki kemampuan untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh melalui mekanisme antioksidan, antiinflamasi dan neuro protective. Selama ini untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sebagai bahan obat tradisional dan kosmetik, spirulina merupakan salah satu bahan baku obat impor, karena produksinya masih jarang ada di Indonesia. Berada di Kecamatan Tawangsari, Kabupaten Sukoharjo terdapat usaha produksi spirulina dibawah pengelolaan UKM Neoalgae. Namun pengolahan hasil produksi masih berupa serbuk spirulina. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini akan dilakukan pengembangan usaha spirulina menjadi produk healing oil yang bermanfaat sebagai cairan obat luar untuk mengatasi jerawat, bisul dan penyakit kulit lainnya. Metode kegiatan berawal dari sosialisasi program, pelatihan produksi dan pembukuan keuangan kepada karyawan di kedua UKM serta pendaftaran produk untuk memperoleh ijin edar. Bekerjasama dengan UKM Andromeda, formulasi dan produksi healing oil ini dilakukan dengan memberdayakan masyarakat sekitar. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa produk healing oil berbahan spirulina yang sedang dalam proses pengurusan ijin edar di BPOM. Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan untuk membuat sediaan healing oil dengan menggunakan bahan spirulina telah dijalankan dengan baik. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan alternatif usaha perekonomian baru di masyarakat
Cytotoxic effects of parijoto (Medinilla speciosa Reinw. Ex. Bl.) methanol extract combined with cisplatin on WiDr colon cancer cells through apoptosis induction
No full textParijoto (Medinilla speciosa Reinw. Ex. Bl.) is a medicinal plant with cytotoxic effects on cancer cells in vitro. As only a limited number of studies have reported the effect of parijoto on colon cancer cells, this study initially aimed to measure the total flavonoid levels and potential cytotoxic effects of parijoto methanol extract (PME) through cell viability assays and expression of the apoptotic protein on WiDr colon cancer cells as a model. PME cytotoxic activity was determined by conducting a cytotoxicity test on WiDr colon cancer cells using the MTT assay. The synergistic cytotoxic effects of the PME and cisplatin were tested to obtain the combination index (CI) value. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and the apoptotic protein expression was observed by immunocytochemical tests. Furthermore, quercetin as a major flavonoid in PME was measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that PME had a moderate cytotoxic activity with an IC50 of 198.64±1.6 µg/mL, whereas the IC50 of cisplatin was 2.34±0.7 µg/mL. The PME with cisplatin combination test showed a strong synergistic effect with a CI value of <1 (0.1‐0.4). The combination showed increased apoptosis properties compared to PME treatment alone. In addition, immunocytochemistry showed that PME alone or in combination with cisplatin increased the pro‐apoptosis proteins (p53 and caspase‐9) and suppressed Bcl‐2 expression. Moreover, the cell viability value increased as the PME concentration decreased. The administration of PME led to changes in cell morphology, lower cell density, and a decreasing number of living cells. Therefore, the combination of PME and cisplatin had a strong synergistic effect in inducing apoptosis
The Influence of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) on Piroxicam Absorption with Everted Intestinal SAC Method
No full textOral drug absorption was highly influenced by dissolution rate, especially for poorly and insoluble drugs. Piroxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that is practically insoluble in water. The oral absorption rate of piroxicam is dependent on its dissolution rate in the GI tract. Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) as surfactant can increase drug solubility by means of a micelle forming mechanism. The aim of the study was to know the influence of addition and variation of Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) on Piroxicam absorption with everted intestinal sac method. The concentration of piroxicam solution was prepared by PVP in 1.0,2.0 and 3.0 % respectively. Crane and Wilson tube containing 75 ml of themucosal fluid was taken at 37 0 C in waterbath. Than, serosal solution of 1.5 mlwas added to intestinal sac by turned upside down and tied to a cannula, then put into the tube containing the mucosal fluid and constantly flowing oxygen gas.Serosal solution of 1 ml were taken every 15 minutes and then diluted with 2 ml of Ba (OH) 2 and 2 ml of ZnSO4 then centrifuge until 25 minute. The absorbant of supernatant was measured by UV spectrophotometer and data analyse wascalculated by one-way ANAVA. PVP at 1%,2% and 3% increased piroxicamabsorption from the phosphate buffer pH 7.5 compared with negative control.According to P app , the values were 2.52 ± 0.43 cm/minute (negative control), 3.41 ± 2.17 cm/minute (1% PVP), 2.75± 1.14 cm/minute (2% PVP) and 4.77 ± 4.93 cm/minute (3% PVP) respectively. In conclusion. Lower doses of the surfactant (1%, 2%, and 3% PVP) significantly increased absorption of the drug by altering the membrane permeability.
Fatigue assessment in finite element analysis: A post-processor to FEA output for hot spot stress calculation
No full textFor the fatigue assessment of welded structures, several design methods are described by the design codes of IIW, Eurocode3 and DNV. The relation between the stress range and cycles to failures were derived from experiments: the SN curves. With the increased accessibility of finite element software to engineers, a more flexible approach emerged: the so-called hot spot stress method. Particularly suitable for welded structures, it assesses the influence of the geometric discontinuity on the stress distribution. A stress extrapolation procedure is required to overcome the high stresses computed by FEA at the notch. Normal stresses at the surface, perpendicular to the weld, are to be used. For curved welds and surfaces, e.g. in case of tubular joints, these stresses are complex to determine from FEA output. A method that automates the hot spot stress calculation as a post processor to FEA output would facilitate the process. Such an automated subroutine would further enable a study on the finite element modelling aspects, including the use of shell and solid elements and the inclusion of the weld profile, in relation to conducted fatigue experiments. This report describes the development of a subroutine as post-processor for FEA output to calculate the hot spot stresses. Read out points for stress extrapolation are located independently of the finite element mesh. In addition, for each weld node the local coordinate system is to be determined and subsequently the corresponding stress transformation is to be performed. Equivalent stresses at the read out points are determined by means of interpolation from a triangle-shaped plane formed by three element nodes. Cut-out specimens of an orthotropic bridge deck were tested against fatigue and strain gauges were used to measure the strains. This report shows that FEA stresses corresponded well with the measurements. Inclusion of the weld profile is important; ignoring the weld underestimates the stress levels by 10%. Use of shell elements resulted in 4% lower nominal stresses than solid elements, however in the weld region only the solid element model accurately reproduced the stress distribution. An alternative method for the fatigue classification described in EC3 is proposed, which represents better the observed stress levels for the crack initiation point at the weld root. Finally, this report considers stress concentration factors of tubular joints as recommended by CIDECT design guide. The FEA results are compared to the SCFs from parametric formulae. Good correspondence was found between the FEA and CIDECT results. A validation analysis of the boundary and loading conditions was performed, from comparing the joint model with the entire truss structure for shell elements. A correction function is derived to cover the small observed differences. Additionally, strain gauge measurements from experiments on large scale tubular joints in a marine environment are compared to the FEA results. Good correspondence was found between the measured and numerically computed strains. For solid element models, the weld leg size is found to be important for the hot spot stresses; each millimetre shift of the weld toe affected the stress levels by 3%. A characteristic SN curve was derived from the experiments. Fatigue assessment by means of the FEA hot spot stress in combination with the corresponding DNV SN-curve was found to be more conservative.Civil Engineering and GeosciencesStructural Engineerin
A comparative study of Quasi-FEA technique on iron losses prediction for permanent magnet synchronous machines
No full textThe paper presents an advanced quasi-FEA technique on the iron losses prediction using
Bertotti’s iron loss separation models, in which a curve fitting is taken into account for coefficients calculation of each model. Moreover, the skin effect and saturation consideration are applied in order to check the accuracy through the relative error distribution in the frequency domain of each model from low up to high frequencies 50 to 700 (Hz). Additionally, this comparative study presents a torquespeed-flux density computation that is discussed and presented. The iron loss characteristics of a radial
flux permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) with closed-slots and outer rotor topology are also discussed. The quasi-finite-element (FE) analysis was performed using a 2-D and 3-D FEA, where the employed quasi-2-D FEA is proposed and compared with 3-D FEA, and along with experimental verifications. Finally, all the iron-loss models under realistic and non-ideal magnetization conditions are verified experimentally on a surface-mounted PMSG for wind generation application.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Program for stator winding leakage inductance determination by FEA
No full textThis paper presents a program designed by the author in order to determine the stator winding parameters. The program is realized in Visual Basic and, in fact, it is for computer aided design of AC machines. Starting from the design data, based on the classical analytical formulas, geometrical parameters of the stator and the parameters of the stator winding are computed. This program works with a finite elements analysis (FEA) software (the one used by the author is MagNet, a product of Infolytica company) and according to data obtained after the design calculation, or according to data specified by user (in case of an existing machine), the stator and stator winding are built 3D (three-dimensional). For the same stator, different types of winding can be chosen. After realizing numerical model, by 3D FEA, leakage inductance is determined
A semi-analytical approach to simulate strains in load sensing bearings using FEA
No full textThe advancements in driver assistance systems in cars and the development of autonomous vehicles require more states of the car to be known than the conventional sensors can accurately determine. Load sensing bearings (LSBs) are under development that measure the wheel forces under dynamic load. Through sensor fusion, the addition of this sensor can increase the robustness and accuracy of the state estimators used in cars. An algorithm uses the strain measured on the surface of an instrumented LSB to calculate the forces on the bearing. The development of LSBs requires a tool that simulates the strain signals in a fast and accurate manner to gain insight into the bearing behavior. Due to the complex nonlinear behavior of the bearing, there is not a fast, straightforward tool available that estimates its strains. This thesis presents a methodology that uses finite element analyses (FEA) to construct a model that calculates the strain in the outer ring of a wheel bearing for any given load. The FEA consists of a linear elastic model of the outer ring and a single loaded ball that is modeled by a Hertzian contact. Multiple simulations are done for different positions of the ball, such that a rotating bearing can be approximated. A nonlinear analytical bearing model in conjunction with a, from FEA constructed, outer ring flexibility model calculates the load on each bearing ball. A strain model, also built from the FEA, uses these loads to calculate the strain on the outer ring. The simulated strains are validated with experiments performed on a bearing test rig of SKF. Measurements from a with strain gauges instrumented bearing show that the model predicts the observed behavior in the signals. Analyses of the simulated and measured signals in the frequency domain show a difference in gain and offset, which can be calibrated. Unexpected discrepancies are observed within the measured signals of symmetrically placed sensors on the LSB, which should give identical signals, that are likely caused by a distortion of the shape of the outer ring introduced by the manufacturing process or installation of the bearing. The scope for future work should focus on further validation of the model and developing a calibration method to increase the accuracy. It is believed that the uncertainties in the model can be summarized into a small set of parameters that can be calibrated for a specific instrumented LSB with only a few measurements. Once accurate strains can be simulated, the model could be utilized in a state observer to convert actual strain measurements into loads, and it is possible to use it to optimize the design of the LSB and the location of the strain gauges
Combined DIC and FEA method for analysing debonding crack propagation in fatigue experiments on wrapped composite joints
No full textWrapped composite joint is a novel joining technology which connects steel hollow sections through bonding, completely avoiding the welding in the load transferring mechanism. Fatigue performance of wrapped joints has been experimentally shown to be superior over their welded counterparts. Aiming to enable development of prediction methods for fatigue life of wrapped composite joints, this paper proposes a combination of 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique and FE analysis as a method for monitoring debonding crack propagation at a complex composite-to-steel interface covered by a non-uniform thickness laminate. Fatigue tests on wrapped composite X-joints under tensile load are used for the method application and to analyse crack propagation in the brace and chord, including their interaction. Variation of strain distribution on surface of composite wrap obtained in DIC is corelated to length of the debonding crack at the composite-to-steel interface by the means of 3D finite element model of such joint. Crack development obtained from the combined DIC and FEA method is correlated to strain energy release rates calculated from FEA. With the help of FEA, the failure mode is characterised by debonding on the chord at the early stage of cyclic loading, followed by debonding on the brace.Steel & Composite Structure
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