Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi
Not a member yet
184 research outputs found
Sort by
Bioinformatics Analysis to Identify Therapeutic Targets of Artocarpus altilis Compounds in Breast Cancer Therapy
Full text linkBreast cancer remains the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide, with approximately 2.3 million new cases and 685,000 deaths reported in 2020. Despite advances in surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine, and targeted therapies, these treatments are often limited by severe side effects and resistance mechanisms. Artocarpus altilis a medicinal plant rich in flavonoids and other bioactive compounds, has been traditionally utilized in various therapeutic contexts and is increasingly recognized for its anticancer potential. This study aimed to systematically identify the molecular targets and signaling pathways associated with A. Artocarpus altilis in breast cancer using a network pharmacology approach, thereby providing novel insights into its therapeutic relevance. The in-silico analysis integrated compound screening, drug-likeness evaluation, target protein prediction, protein–protein interaction mapping, Gene Ontology enrichment, and KEGG pathway analysis. Among 14 candidate compounds, three exhibited poor pharmacokinetic properties based on Lipinski’s Rule of Five. A total of 16 breast cancer-related protein targets were identified, with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor (IGF1R) emerging as the most significant hubs. Functional enrichment revealed that these targets participate in critical oncogenic pathways, including PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and JAK/STAT signaling, which are strongly associated with cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. The findings highlight the central role of EGFR and IGF1R in mediating the pharmacological effects of A. Artocarpus altilis suggesting its potential as a complementary therapeutic candidate in breast cancer management. While this study provides a systematic bioinformatics-based framework for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of A. Artocarpus altilis, further experimental validation in vitro and in vivo is essential to confirm its efficacy and safety
Physical Stability and Antioxidant Peel-Off Kefir Mask Arachi (Arachis Hypogaea L)
Full text linkThe fermented product sector can produce kefir for use in cosmetic preparations. Kefir has weak storage stability and strong antioxidant properties, making it a suitable raw material for cosmetic formulations. The purpose of this study is to determine the best concentration of peanut kefir in Peel-off mask Arachi through antioxidant activity and physical stability during seven cycles of room temperature storage and freeze-thaw (4±2ºC and 40±2ºC). Using the DPPH method based on the IC50 value, the antioxidant activity test was conducted. It was retested after 7 cycles or 28 days. At ambient temperature and freeze-thaw temperature, organoleptic tests, pH, adhesion, and spreadability were conducted in cycles ranging from 0 to 7. The peel-off kefir mask preparations with F1 (0.5%), F2 (1%), and F3 (2%), concentrations created a homogeneous, viscous preparation that was stable at room temperature and freeze-thaw stable for seven cycles, according to the results. In terms of the pH test, the sample showed a drop in pH following storage, stable adhesion for up to seven cycles. However, for F1, the adhesion was not stable in either scenario. With a significant activity category, the formula's antioxidant activity also declines in IC50 values. Therefore, it can be said that even though the peel-off mask preparation changed after storage in a few different ways, it still falls short of the threshold in terms of the physical characteristics of the cosmetic preparation
A Design and Evaluation of a SNEDDS-Based System for Temu Ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) Extract: Enhancing Antioxidant Efficacy Using the SLD Technique
No full textTemu Ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.) is known for its strong antioxidant properties, primarily due to its bioactive compounds such as curcumin. However, these chemicals' lipophilia and instability in traditional formulations frequently limit their bioavailability. To address these challenges, a Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) was developed using the Simple Lattice Design (SLD) method to improve the chemical and physical properties of Temu Ireng extract by forming a stable nanoemulsion that is uniformly distributed in the digestive system. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a SNEDDS of Temu Ireng extract using the SLD approach, with a focus on enhancing its antioxidant activity. The formulation involved selecting suitable oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants, followed by optimization based on solubility studies, phase diagrams, and thermodynamic stability tests. The SNEDDS was characterized for physical properties such as emulsification time, transmittance, particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index. The optimized SNEDDS formulation exhibited excellent characteristics, including an emulsification time of less than 1 minute, near 100% transmittance, a particle size of 9.77 ± 1.33 nm, zeta potential of 0.9 ± 0.1 mV, and a polydispersity index of 0.302 ± 0.033. Antioxidant testing using the DPPH method showed that the 0.1% SNEDDS formulation of Temu Ireng extract had an inhibition concentration (IC50) value of 58.482 mg/L, indicating strong antioxidant activity. The results suggest that the SNEDDS formulation using the SLD method could be an effective strategy to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of Temu Ireng extract as an antioxidant agent
Prescription Patterns in the Outpatient Unit of XYZ Hospital, Pekanbaru: A Study from 2022
Full text linkThis study aims to assess the rationality of drug prescribing practices in the Outpatient Department of XYZ Hospital Pekanbaru using the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. The research is an observational study with a descriptive nature, employing systematic random sampling to analyze data extracted from prescription records in the pharmacy department of XYZ Hospital Pekanbaru. A total of 660 prescription samples were evaluated, revealing an average of 2.91 drugs prescribed per prescription sheet, indicating a lack of adherence to diagnostic considerations. The findings show that the percentage of generic drug prescriptions was 64.04%, while antibiotic prescriptions accounted for 32.57%. Additionally, prescriptions for injectable forms constituted 1.36%, and adherence to the national formulary was at 72.27%. Out of the five prescribing indicators assessed, only the prescribing of injectable forms met the WHO’s prescribing indicators standard. These results highlight the necessity for improved adherence to rational prescribing practices to enhance treatment efficacy, minimize adverse drug reactions, and ensure cost-effectiveness in patient care. Regular monitoring and education of healthcare providers regarding rational drug use principles are essential for improving healthcare service quality
Evaluation of Antibiotic Use in the Inpatient Internal Medicine Ward at RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin
Full text linkThe misuse of antibiotics is a significant concern due to the potential for developing resistance, which poses a growing global health threat. In the United States, antibiotic-resistant infections impact two million individuals annually, leading to 23,000 deaths. In Indonesian hospitals, antibiotic prescription rates are high, ranging from 44-97%, with 30-80% of these prescriptions being inappropriate. This study aims to evaluate the use of antibiotics in the internal medicine inpatient ward at Ulin Hospital, Banjarmasin, both quantitatively and qualitatively, using the ATC/DDD and Gyssens methods. A descriptive observational study was conducted using retrospective data collected from January to December 2023. The analysis included prescription data from inpatients in the internal medicine ward. Several antibiotics were identified, including Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Cefixime, and Cefotaxime. The total DDD value was found to be 118.69 DDD/100 inpatient days. The DU 90% analysis showed the following usage rates: Ceftriaxone (oral) 52.51%, Azithromycin (parenteral) 60.55%, Levofloxacin (oral) 68.10%, Moxifloxacin (parenteral) 75.21%, Cefixime (parenteral) 81.02%, and Cefotaxime (oral) 86.09%. Ceftriaxone was the most frequently used antibiotic, with 39 patients receiving appropriate prescriptions (category 0) according to the Gyssens method. In conclusion, Ceftriaxone was the most commonly used antibiotic, representing 36.90% of prescriptions. The evaluation using the ATC/DDD method yielded a total DDD/100 inpatient days value of 118.69, while the Gyssens method indicated that 33.33% of prescriptions were appropriate
Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) of Antihypertensives Use in Inpatient Hemodialysis Patients at Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda
Full text linkHypertension is the first comorbid disease that can occur in patients with damaged kidney function. Apart from that, hypertension is a complicating disease that often occurs during the hemodialysis process. The large variations in the use of antihypertensives in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis therapy can affect the cost incurred by these patients. The purpose of this study was to optimize the use of the most cost-effective and pharmacological antihypertensive drugs in patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. This research is a descriptive study with a pharmacoeconomic approach using the Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) method. The measurement indices used to analyze the data are ACER and ICER. Data collection was conducted retrospectively, taken from the medical records of inpatient hemodialysis patients by reviewing the inclusion data of patients who were eligible to be research objects. Direct medical costs were taken from the average cost of hemodialysis, other procedures, room costs and drug costs. The effectiveness of drug therapy was determined based on the Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) value that met the normal value. Research data is grouped based on therapy patterns and then analyzed to obtain cost – effective therapy. The results of the study showed that the percentage effectiveness of antihypertensive therapy with Furosemide was 46%, the combination of Amlodipine and Candesartan was 69% and the combination of Furosemide, Amlodipine, and Candesartan was 56%. Based on the ACER value of Rp. 1,726,133.4, the combination of antihypertensive Amlodipine and Candesartan is the most cost-effective therapy option and based on the ICER value of Rp. -6,697,330.3, the combination of antihypertensive Amlodipine and Candesartan is also the most cost-effective therapy option
Gastroprotective Effect of Chitosan- Based Formulation with Chromolaena odorata L. and Peperomia pellucida L. Extracts in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats
Full text linkGastroprotection refers to the effect of compounds that protect the gastric mucosa. Peperomia pellucida L. and Chromolaena odorata L. have demonstrated gastroprotective activities. Chromolaena odorata L., in particular, shows inhibition of gastric mucosal damage due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. Chitosan is a drug carrier that enhances drug bioavailability and allows pharmacological effects to be achieved at lower doses. This study aims to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of chitosan-based formulations containing Peperomia pellucida L. and Chromolaena odorata L. leaf extracts in rats. The contribution of this research lies in demonstrating the synergistic potential of medicinal plant extracts with chitosan as a delivery system, thereby providing a safer, more effective, and innovative therapeutic strategy for gastric ulcer management. Chitosan formulations containing Peperomia pellucida L. and Chromolaena odorata L. extracts were prepared and tested on male rats. The rats were divided into seven groups: Group I (normal control), Group II (negative control), Group III (positive control, treated with sucralfate), Groups IV and V (treated with chitosan-Chromolaena odorata formulations at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW), and Groups VI and VII (treated with chitosan-Peperomia pellucida formulations at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg BW). Treatments were administered orally for 14 days. On day 14, one hour after the final treatment, all groups except the normal group received oral absolute ethanol at a dose of 5 mL/kg BW to induce gastric injury. Gastric ulcer index, protection ratio, and histopathological changes were evaluated. The ulcer index values for the negative control, positive control, and treatment groups with doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW were 4.89, 0.89, 0.33, 0.11, 1.00, and 0.78, respectively. The chitosan-based formulations containing Chromolaena odorata L. and Peperomia pellucida L. extracts demonstrated significant gastroprotective effects in ethanol-induced gastric injury in rats
Identification of Volatile Compounds in Lemon, Local Lemon and Lime Peel Extract Using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometer
Full text linkOrange peel is one of the main sources of essential oil. Lemon orange can also be found in an area of Jambi City, commonly referred to as local lemon, but the shape and characteristics differ slightly from common lemons. The identification results of local lemon peels indicate that these oranges are a cross between lemons and limes (Citrus medica × Citrus aurantifolia). This study aims to analyze and determine the differences in the components of the peels of lemon, local lemon, and lime using gas chromatography–mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The contribution of this research lies in providing scientific data on the chemical composition of local lemon peels, which have not been widely studied, thereby offering potential applications for the development of natural products, essential oil industries, and local biodiversity utilization. This research was conducted by extracting the peels from lemons, local lemons, and limes using acetone as a solvent. The extracts were then analyzed for their components using GC-MS. The GC-MS analysis of acetone extracts from lemon, local lemon, and lime peels revealed 19 compounds in each sample. Four compounds were found to be common across all three samples, namely 2-pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl; β-bisabolene; bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; and 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one, 5,7-dimethoxy. Meanwhile, 15 other compounds showed different contents, indicating that the hybrid nature of local lemons influenced their chemical composition. These findings highlight the unique characteristics of local lemon peels and their potential as a valuable source of bioactive compounds
Optimization of Halal Capsule Shell Combination of Amylopectin of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) Pell and Caragenan of Euchema cottoni
Full text linkGelatin, a primary material for capsule shells, is predominantly sourced from pigs, raising significant concerns regarding its halal status for Muslim consumers. Therefore, identifying halal and sustainable alternatives to gelatin is crucial for the pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate halal capsule shell preparations combining amylopectin from cassava (Manihot esculenta) peel starch and carrageenan from Euchema cottoni. The research utilized an experimental quantitative design with five formulations (F1–F5) based on varying amylopectin: carrageenan concentrations, namely 0.5%:3% (F1), 1%:3% (F2), 1.5%:3% (F3), 0%:3% (F4), and 3%:0% (F5). The capsule shells were assessed through specification tests, water content, ash content, and disintegration time. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in SPSS version 26.0 at a 95% confidence level. The results showed that all formulations met the standards for water content (20–60%), ash content (<5%), and disintegration time (<30 minutes) based on PT. Kapsulindo Indonesia and the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia. However, none of the formulations fully met the specifications for capsule body diameter, cap diameter, and total length, primarily due to manual molding limitations. Among the five formulations, F3 demonstrated the closest conformity to standard physical parameters. Statistical analysis indicated that variations in the concentration of cassava peel starch and Euchema cottoni carrageenan significantly influenced capsule shell specifications, moisture content, and disintegration time (p<0.05), while having no significant effect on ash content (p>0.05). In conclusion, the combination of cassava peel amylopectin and Euchema cottoni carrageenan shows promising potential as a halal and eco-friendly alternative to gelatin-based capsule shells. Further optimization using automated molding systems is recommended to achieve standardized dimensions for commercial application
Formulation of Body Lotion Ethanol Extract of Kepundung Bark (Baccaurea Macrocarpa (Miq.) Mull Arg.) and Antioxidant Activity Test
Full text linkThe bark of kepundung (Baccaurea macrocarpa (Miq.) Mull Arg.) contains secondary metabolite compounds from polyphenols such as flavonoids, phenolic, terpenoids, and alkaloids, which have the potential for natural antioxidants. This research aims to evaluate of ethanol extract from kepundung bark and formulate the body lotion to test its antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. Body lotion formulas were made with variations in the concentration 0.4, 1.0, and 1.6% of ethanol extract of kepundung bark as active ingredients. The evaluation of body lotion included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, type of body lotion, stability, viscosity, irritation, and antioxidant activity tests. The results of the physical evaluation of the body lotion meet the requirements. Namely, all formulas are homogeneous, according to skin pH, the viscosity of the preparation ranges from 2500 cP, stable, and does not irritate. The value IC50 antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of kepundung bark was 4.04 ppm. The value IC50 antioxidant activity body lotion at F1, F2, and F3 respect 41.91, 36.98, and 33.13 ppm. The result showed the best formula is F3 with a value IC50 33.13 ppm. Based on the study, the ethanol extract of depending bark and the body lotion has very strong antioxidant activity