Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi
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Association between Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Hypertension Risk among Reproductive-Age Women: A Cross-sectional Study at Cileungsi Public Health Center, Indonesia
Full text linkHypertension remains a major public health problem that may be influenced by hormonal contraceptive use, particularly oral and injectable methods commonly used by women of reproductive age. These contraceptives have raised concerns about their potential impact on blood pressure regulation. This study aimed to investigate the association between hormonal contraceptive use and the occurrence of hypertension among women of reproductive age at the Cileungsi Public Health Centre, Bogor Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 using retrospectively collected medical record data of all hormonal contraceptive users at the facility. Total sampling was applied, and data on contraceptive type, duration of use, age, parity, and the most recent blood pressure readings were analyzed. The chi-square test was employed to examine associations between hormonal contraceptive characteristics and hypertension, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. The results revealed a significant association between contraceptive type and hypertension (p = 0.01, OR = 0.27), showing that users of oral contraceptive pills were more likely to develop hypertension than injectable users. Duration of use (p = 0.03, OR = 3.06), age (p = 0.04, OR = 0.12), and parity (p = 0.01, OR = 0.21) were also significantly associated with hypertension. Women aged ≥45 years, those with longer contraceptive use, and multiparous users exhibited a higher risk of elevated blood pressure. These findings highlight that both contraceptive-related and demographic factors contribute to hypertension risk among hormonal contraceptive users. Regular blood pressure monitoring and individualized counseling are essential, especially for oral and long-term users. This study contributes local evidence supporting safer contraceptive practices and cardiovascular risk management within primary healthcare settings
Estimating the Economic Value and Determining Factors of Unused Medicines Among Households in Cibarusah District, Bekasi Regency
Full text linkThe accumulation of unused and expired medicines in households poses significant economic, health, and environmental challenges. This study aimed to estimate the economic value of unused medicines and identify factors contributing to their accumulation among households in the Cibarusah District, Bekasi Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from May to June 2025 involving 354 households selected using a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected through structured, face-to-face interviews with validated questionnaires and analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel 2021 and SPSS version 29. Results showed that 71.5% of households stored unused medicines, representing an estimated total economic value of IDR 25,271,179, or an average loss of IDR 99,886 per household. Expired medicines accounted for 28.5% of all stored items, with a mean value of IDR 114,897 per household. Analgesics, antipyretics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and antigout agents were the most frequently stored drug classes (20.1%), followed by gastrointestinal medicines (15.2%). The primary reasons for medicine accumulation were recovery from illness (70.9%), drug ineffectiveness (15.8%), and expiration (28.5%). Most respondents were female (67.2%), aged 36–55 years, and had completed secondary education. When extrapolated to all 32,515 households in Cibarusah District, the potential economic loss due to unused medicines reached approximately IDR 1.18 billion. This study highlights the substantial economic burden associated with household medicine storage and the need for improved public awareness of rational medicine use. Strengthening educational programs, involving community pharmacists in household medicine management, and establishing structured medicine take-back systems are essential to reduce pharmaceutical waste and its economic impact. These findings contribute valuable local evidence to support national strategies for promoting sustainable and responsible medicine use in Indonesia
Assessing Direct Medical Costs and Quality of Life In Elderly Patients Using High-Alert Medications at Wongsonegoro Hospital
Full text linkHigh Alert Medications (HAM) are drugs that pose a significant risk of causing harm to patients if used incorrectly. This study aimed to evaluate the direct medical costs and quality of life of elderly patients aged 60 years and above using HAM at Wongsonegoro Hospital. An observational prospective cohort study design was employed, utilizing both secondary and primary data collection methods. Secondary data included patient demographics, medication usage, and direct medical costs obtained from hospital records and the finance department. Primary data on quality of life were gathered using the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. A total of 25 elderly patients were identified as users of HAM, with a gender distribution of 48% male and 52% female; 64% of these patients were aged between 60 and 70 years. The most prevalent medical condition among participants was diabetes mellitus, affecting 44% of one group and 32% of another. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 500 mL infusion at a concentration of 3% was the most frequently administered medication (27.5%). The average direct medical cost for elderly patients using HAM was IDR 4,255,050. Additionally, the quality of life assessment revealed that 20% of patients experienced significant challenges in self-care activities. These findings highlight the impact of HAM on healthcare costs and quality of life among elderly patients, emphasizing the need for careful monitoring and management strategies to mitigate risks associated with high-alert medications
Identification of Biomarker for Stunting Through Prioritization of Gene-Assosiated Variants
No full textStunting is a condition of impaired growth and development in children due to chronic nutritional disorders or infections. The risk factor for stunting is dominated by disease during 1000 days of life. The incidence of stunting in Indonesia is 21.6%, according to the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey (SSGI) results. This study aimed to identify stunting biomarkers based on the priority scoring of gene variants. Identification of stunting risk genes used the Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) approach and Haploreg v4.1. We found 33 genes that identifies as stunting risk gene. And then, we prioritize based on two functional annotation categories: missense-nonsense and cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTL). Our analysis found 4 genes as biological stunting risk genes: MTRR, TTF1, CASP1, and CARD17. This research demonstrates the integration of genomic variants and bioinformatics approaches to reveal biological insights for stunting
In Silico Study of the Potency of Purple Yam Anthocyanin Compounds (Dioscorea alata L.) As MAO-B and COMT Inhibitors in Parkinson's Disease
No full textThe purple yam plant (Dioscorea alata L.) is an economically important staple food for millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. Dioscorea spp. anthocyanin chemicals have been demonstrated to have antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to explore the potency of anthocyanin compounds in purple yam as antiparkinsonian agents via the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) receptor (pdb: 2V5Z) and the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) receptor (pdb: 6I3C) using a molecular docking technique. The study was divided into four stages: (1) pharmacokinetic and Lipinski Rule evaluation, (2) protein (receptor) and ligand preparation, (3) docking method validation, and (4) molecular docking for MAO-B and COMT proteins. Pharmacokinetic prediction and Lipinski rule evaluation revealed that cyanidin, delphinidin, and delphinidin-3-glucoside had an ADMED profile and met Lipinski’s rule. The docking results showed that the binding energy (G) of the compounds cyanidin, delphinidin, and delphinidin-3-glucoside to the MAO-B receptor was lower (-9.50 kcal/mol) than that of the natural ligands ((-4.79 kcal/mol). The Cys172, Leu 171, Ile198, Phe168, Pro104, Trp119 and the 'gatekeeper' residue Ile199 are the amino acids that are majoring involved in MAO-B inhibitors. At the COMT receptor, all the tested compounds had a higher binding energy than native ligands (> -4.79 kcal/mol) except for Cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside (-4.64 kcal/mol). The amino acids Trp143 and Pro174, ensure correct substrate orientation, Mg2+ ions, and cofactor SAM, as well as residues Lys144 and Glu199. In conclusion, this study showed that based on the molecular docking approach, the active compounds of purple yam namely cyanidin, delphinidin, and delphinidin-3-glucoside have the potential to be developed as anti-parkinsonian agents through MAO-B and COMT
Standardization of Snakehead Fish (Channa striata) Concentrates Obtained from Sungai Itik Village, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan
Full text linkStandardization is the method of identifying properties based totally on superb parameters to advantage the identical diploma of satisfaction. it has been proven that vitamins decided in snakehead fish (Channa striata) from herbal assets can be implemented as a possibility to hasten the recuperation of wounds. With the assistance of the techniques of freeze drying, this examination sought to set up the standardization of snakehead fish pay attention from Sungai Itik Village in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan as an uncooked material for prescribed drugs that treat wounds. Standardization carried out on concentrate samples consisted of specific and non-specific parameters. Specific parameters consist of organoleptic, water-soluble essence content, protein, and albumin. While the non-specific parameters tested were moisture content, ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, and drying shrinkage. The test results showed that the water content contained in snakehead fish was 7.21% ± 0.165, ash content was 10.47% ± 1.06, acid insoluble ash content was 1.40% ± 0.115, water-soluble essence content was 77.10% ± 0.54, dry shrinkage rate was 13.973% ± 0.193, the protein was 99.49% and albumin was 7.03 g/dl. The standardization parameters have not met all the tests so it can be said that snakehead fish concentrate has not met the standard and has not been standardized for natural wound healing medicinal ingredients
Formulation And Evaluation of Preparations Edible Film Combination Gingerol And Curcumin As An Antibacterial Streptococcus pyogenes Causes Of Inflammation Of The Throat
No full textJahe (Zingiber officinale) dan kunyit (Curcuma longa L) merupakan tanaman herbal yang terkenal karena manfaat terapeutiknya. Tumbuhan ini mengandung unsur bioaktif yang masing-masing disebut sebagai gingerol dan kurkumin, yang menunjukkan kualitas potensi antibakteri. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji atribut dan sifat antibakteri dari zat-zat tersebut. potensi Edible Film yang terdiri dari 5% ekstrak jahe gingerol dan kombinasi kurkumin terhadap bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengecoran pelarut, evaluasi film yang dapat dimakan melalui analisis sensori, pengukuran ketebalan, penilaian keseragaman berat, penentuan pH, pengujian kerapuhan, pengukuran ketahanan lipat, analisis waktu hancur dan disolusi, penentuan kadar air, penilaian elongasi dan kekuatan tarik, stabilitas pemeriksaan, uji hedonik, evaluasi aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes, dan analisis gugus fungsi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Edible Film mempunyai karakteristik berbentuk persegi panjang berukuran 2x3 cm dengan warna berbeda tiap formula, bau yang khas, rasa manis dan pedas, ketebalan 0,11 mm - 0,12 mm, keseragaman berat 60,3 mg-68,87 mg, kerapuhan. 1,14%-2,95%, ketahanan lipat >500x, waktu hancur <30 detik, waktu larut <60 detik, kadar udara 8,58%-12,05%, kuat tarik 2,42 MPa – 16,18 MPa yang sesuai dengan Standar Industri Jepang (JIS) dan teori yang ada, tetapi penambahan persen memberikan hasil yang buruk. Sediaan Edible film baik formula tunggal maupun kombinasi mampu menghambat bakteri dengan diameter zona hambat F2, F3, dan F4 masing-masing 6,56 mm, 6,36 mm, dan 6,92 mm terhadap bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes dengan masing-masing kategori sedang
Optimization of Glycerin and Sorbitol in Hand Sanitizer Cream with Centella asiatica (L.) Extract
Full text linkThe use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers can cause dry skin. Centella asiatica (L.) extract can be used as an alternative to alcohol because it contains triterpenoids, especially asiatic acid, potentially an antibacterial and inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Cream is a preparation that can moisturize and protect the skin. Glycerin and sorbitol are humectants often used in cream preparations and have a large percentage in the cream preparation's formula so that they can affect the physical properties of the cream. This study aims to obtain the optimum composition range of glycerin and sorbitol and determine the effect of glycerin and sorbitol as humectants on the physical properties and stability of the hand sanitizer cream with Centella asiatica (L.) extract. The composition optimization was done using a factorial design method on two factors and two levels using the Design Expert 13 (free trial) application. The data on the physical properties and stability of the cream were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test at a 95% confidence level. The results of qualitative phytochemistry screening showed that the extract contained triterpenoid. The average test of physical properties and stability of physical properties meet the desired criteria: cream type O/W, viscosity 120–170 dPa.s., spreadability of 5-7 cm, shift of spreadability, and shift of viscosity below 10%. The optimum area shows that the formulas F1, FB, and FAB meet the desired criteria
The Potential of Sugarcane Bagasse (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) as a Basic Ingredient for Making Cosmetics and Its Effectiveness as an Exfoliator and Skin Moisturizer
Full text linkSugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) contains most of the phenolic compounds including gallic acid, ferulic acid, epicatechin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Various phenolic compounds contained in sugarcane bagasse, especially phenolic acids, have important bioactivity for the cosmetics industry. The aim of this research is to determine the potential of sugarcane bagasse as an active ingredient in cosmetics and its effectiveness as an exfoliator and skin moisturizer. This research method is experimental, using sugarcane bagasse samples with concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5%. The results of phytochemical screening showed that sugarcane bagasse contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids and phytosterols. Based on the research results, sugarcane bagasse exfoliating gel at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% increased skin tone respectively, namely 1.00 ± 0.67; 0.40±0.49; and 0.30 ± 0.39. Sugarcane bagasse moisturizing gel at concentrations of 1%, 3%, and 5% had a percent increase in skin water content, respectively, namely 6.92 ± 11.094; 2.72±10.21; and 3.36 ± 6.49. Based on SPSS analysis, it is known that variations in the concentration of bagasse extract and the time of use have a significant effect on increasing skin tone. Meanwhile, variations in the concentration of bagasse extract did not have a significant effect on increasing skin water content. However, the time of use has a significant effect on the increase in skin water content. So, it can be concluded that sugarcane bagasse extract has the potential to be an active ingredient in making cosmetics and is effective as an exfoliator and skin moisturizer
Standardization of Paku Lindung extract (Pneumatopteris callosa (Blume))
Full text linkThe standardization of the paku lindung extract was carried out to obtain new data regarding the standardization of the hedgehog extract which had not previously been established. In addition, this determination is carried out to obtain quality preparations in the form of a guarantee process, that the extract obtained has certain parameter values that are constant after the data has been determined. Extract standardization test includes specific parameters including organoleptic, soluble compounds in certain solvents. Non-specific parameter tests include drying shrinkage, moisture content, ash content, heavy metal contamination, microbial contamination. Chemical content test includes chromatogram pattern, determination of total flavonoid content. The yield of the resulting extract was 13.88±3.19% g. The test results of non-specific parameters include drying shrinkage 0.47±0.01%, moisture content 8.28±0.16%, total ash content 18.97±3.53%, acid insoluble ash content 1.69± 0.02%, total plate number 7.8x104±12.91 colonies/gram, yeast mold number 1x102±0.24 colonies/gram, heavy metal contamination of Cd, Cr and Pb negative and Fe of 73.88 ppm. The results of the specific parameter test include 85.55±4.29% water soluble compounds, 31.27±5.06% ethanol soluble compounds. The results of the chemical content test included the total flavonoid content of 16.6±17.60 mgEQ/g, the Rf value of the extract was the same as the Rf of quercetin with 5 variations of the mobile phase. The test results were carried out to meet the predetermined determination and provide new data on the standardization of the paku lindung extract