Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi
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Optimization of Liquid Shampoo Formula from Chia Seed Oil (Salvia hispanica L) Using the Simplex Lattice Design Method
Full text linkHair is one of the most essential parts of the human body, both men and women; one of the problems with hair that often occurs is hair loss. Chia plants contain sebum gland-stimulating agents with a keratin protein concentration of 23%. The sebaceous glands play a role in facilitating the growth of hair follicles so that hair can thrive and prevent hair loss. This research aims to determine the optimum composition of the prediction formula using Design Expert software and the physical characteristics and stability of liquid shampoo preparations. Optimization was carried out using Design Expert 13 software with two material components, namely HPMC and SLS, and two responses, namely viscosity and foam height. The optimum formula obtained was subjected to characteristic tests and stability tests. The stability test was carried out using the cycling test method by storing the preparation at temperatures of 4◦C and 40◦C for 48 hours. The results of the prediction formula show that component X1 is 0.589307% and X2 is 9.41069%. The one-sample t-test showed that the results were not significantly different at p>0.05 in the two responses. Testing of the optimum formula's physical characteristics and physical stability meets the reasonable requirements for organoleptic tests, homogeneity tests, viscosity tests 414,80±9,94 cPs, foam height tests 7,060±0,11 cm, and pH tests 7,39±0. The 8th run is the optimum formula with a composition of X1 0.589307% and X2 9.41069 % meets the requirements for good physical characteristics tests and physical stability tests
The relationship level of community's knowledge and attitude toward the use of antibiotics in Gandaria, South Jakarta
Full text linkAntibiotics will be beneficial and have the anticipated therapeutic effect if prescribed and administered as instructed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate community attitudes and knowledge levels regarding the use of antibiotics, as well as the relationship between these two variables. The sample size for this descriptive-analytic study was 95 respondents, and a cross-sectional design was used. The sampling technique utilized was purposeful sampling. Women made up the bulk of responses (65.3%), and their age range was 36 to 45 (44.2%). The latest educational levels indicated were high school (61.1%), antibiotic use in the past or present (100%), and housewife (38.1%). The respondent received scores of 62.1% for "excellent" knowledge, 3.5% for "adequate" learning, and 7.4% for "poor" expertise. In contrast, there were 0.0% of participants in a horrible disposition, 52.6% with an acceptable attitude, and 47.4% with an excellent attitude. The Chi-Square test findings showed a significant value of 0.097, or more significant than 0.05, between the variable amount of knowledge and attitudes against antibiotics. The p-value (> 0.05) indicates no correlation between the level of competence and perspectives regarding the use of antibiotics. Education, knowledge, and attitudes toward antibiotics were found to be correlated, with a p-value of (0.05). It was determined that the local population had a good and insightful understanding of antibiotics.
Relationship between knowledge and behavior levels of antibiotic usage among pharmacy patients in sub-districts puguh and tegorejo Kendal
Full text linkAntibiotic resistance is a very serious condition for public health care around the world. This situation is due to improper use of antibiotics that can be affected by self-medication or improper consumption of antibiotics due to lack of knowledge and lack of public awareness of antibiotic use. This study is aimed to determine the relationship of the level of knowledge of the behavior of the use of antibiotics in Pharmacy patients in sub-districts of Puguh and Tegorejo Kendal. This study was an observational study with a cross sectional approach in the research period of May-June 2022. The data collection was carried out by purposive sampling with a total of 130 respondents. The instruments used in the study are structured. Spearman test results showed that there is a relationship with the level of knowledge of antibiotic use behavior (p = <0.05) ; r = 0.549. The conclusion of the study is that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge of antibiotic use behavior in pharmacy patients in sub-districts of Puguh and Tegorejo Kendal.
The level of community knowledge about the use of antibiotics
Full text linkKnowledge and use of antibiotics play a large and important role in the success of treatment, so that they do not cause negative effects, such as the cause of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the profile and level of knowledge of the community regarding the use of antibiotics in Banyior Village, Sepulu District, Bangkalan Regency, East Java, Indonesia. This research is a cross-sectional descriptive study. The measurement is a closed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18. The survey was conducted from October 2021 to December 2022 on 325 residents of Banyior Village. The result is that the antibiotic most often used by respondents is amoxicillin with a percentage of 47%. The majority of respondents, 45 percent, get antibiotics from drugstores or stalls. The knowledge level of the general public shows a good level of knowledge of 6.82%, an average level of knowledge of 19.60% and a low level of knowledge of 73.57%. The most widely used antibiotic by respondents in this study was amoxicillin, where the most common way to obtain it was through drug stores/stalls and public knowledge of the use of antibiotics was still low
Effect of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) Leaf Ethanol Extract On Increased Creatinine and Ureum Levels In White Rat Wistar Strain Induced Streptozotosin-Nikotinamid
No full textRed betel (Piper crocatum) is a herbal plant that has various bioactivities including antioxidant activity. Red betel leaf can be used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and has properties as an antioxidant. This study aims to find the activity of normal levels of creatinine and urea induced by Streptozotosin-Nicotinamide in diabetic rats. Red betel leaves are extracted by soaking in 96% ethanol solvent. Phytochemical screening is used to test the class of compounds in red betel leaf extract using the test tube method. Experimental animals in the study were placed in 6 treatment groups, namely no treatment (CMC 1%), negative control (STZ-NA), positive control (Glibenclamide), dose 1 (125 mg/kg BW), dose 2 (250 mg/kg BW), and dose 3 (500 mg/kg BW). A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure creatinine and urea on days 24, 31, and 39. One Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Test Multiple Comparisons-Tukey HSD were the data analyzers used. Flavonoids, tannins, saponins and alkaloids were shown from the phytochemical screening. Data analysis showed that the 500 mg/kg BW ethanol extract of red betel leaves was able to produce creatinine and urea better than the 125 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/kg BW ethanol extracts of red betel leaves. This situation is due to red betel leaf extract 500 mg/kg BW Data analysis showed that the 500 mg/kg BW ethanol extract of red betel leaves was able to produce creatinine and urea better than the 125 mg/kg BW and 250 mg/kg BW ethanol extracts of red betel leaves
Relationship between Appropriate Antibiotics Used based on 2019 ATS/IDSA Guideline and Clinical Improvement in Inpatient Community Pneumonia Patients
No full textCommunity pneumonia is a serious infection obtained from the community environment, and one of the causes is bacteria. This infection causes lung inflammation and leads to death if not treated properly. The appropriate of empirical antibiotics can increase the success of therapy and prevent the emergence of bacterial resistance to various kinds of antibiotics. This study aims to assess the appropriateness of empiric antibiotic selection in community pneumonia using the 2019 ATS/IDSA antibiotic guideline and analyze its relationship with the patient's clinical response. This study is a retrospective cohort design type. Medical record data obtained, namely antibiotics and clinical response, were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney statistical test. There were differences in the average clinical improvement, including body temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, in the group of community pneumonia patients who used empiric antibiotics according to the guideline and those who did not follow the guidelines 2019 (P<0.05). According to the result, empiric antibiotics based on the 2019 ATS/IDSA guideline can increase therapy outcomes in inpatient community pneumonia patients
The potential of Sumbawa Honey (Apis dorsata) As a Natural Antioxidant
Full text linkHoney is a natural ingredient that Indonesian people widely use to maintain a healthy body. One of the benefits of honey is as an antioxidant. This antioxidant activity is influenced by the producing bee, the source plant, and the producing area. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity of Sumbawa honey originating from NTT. Honey samples were collected and dried using the freeze-drying method and then macerated with 70% ethanol. The viscous extract obtained was then fractionated using a liquid-liquid extraction method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol-water as solvents so that the n-hexane (NF), ethyl acetate (EF) and water (WF) fractions were obtained. Each sample was tested for its antioxidant activity using the ABTS method with Trolox as a comparison. The results obtained were ethanol extract, NF, EF and AF had IC50 values respectively 96.054; 106,953; 70,206; and 101,649 g/ml. That indicates that the ethyl acetate fraction has a higher antioxidant activity than other solvents.
Antibacterial Activities Of Papaya Seed (Carica papaya L.) Ethanol Extract With MAE And UAE Extraction Methods Towards Staphylococcus aureus
Full text linkEthanol extract of papaya seeds produced by the maceration method has been shown to have antibacterial activity against S. aureus, P. aeruginous, S. thypi, and E. coli. This study aims to compare the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of papaya seeds obtained using the Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) extraction methods on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.Papaya seed powder was extracted using MAE and UAE extraction methods using 70% ethanol as a solvent in concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. DMSO was used as negative control and chloramphenicol 30 g/disk as a positive control. The antibacterial activity test method used the disk diffusion method. The parameter observed was DDH (Diameter of Inhibitory Area) which was statistically analyzed using Two Way Anova at a 95% confidence level.The results showed that the ethanol extract of papaya seeds produced from the MAE and UAE extraction methods had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in all concentration series. The statistical test showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus extracts obtained from two extraction methods: MAE and UAE. UAE method is recommended use.
Antibacterial activity of Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) wood methanol extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis
Full text linkThe entry and proliferation of microorganisms, such as bacteria, cause skin infections. One of the bacteria that causes skin infections is Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sappan (Caesalpinia sappan L.) wood has been known to have various pharmacology activities, one of which is antibacterial, so its activities need to be developed and improved. This study aimed to determine the activity of the methanol extract of Sappan (C. sappan L.) wood as an antibacterial against S. epidermidis. This research was conducted by extracting Sappan wood powder with 96% methanol as solvent using the Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) method and testing for antibacterial activity with concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% using the disc method. Results showed that the methanol extract of Sappan wood had an antibacterial activity; the highest inhibition zone at a concentration of 75% was 29.25 mm. Sappan wood was expected to be a promising alternative therapy for overcoming acne problems and can increase economic value for the wider community.
Evaluation of the use of Antibiotics Quantitatively and Qualitatively in Pharyngitis Patients at Banda Sakti Public Health Center Lhokseumawe
Full text linkPharyngitis is inflammation that occurs in the pharynx and often spreads to surrounding tissues which is one of the causes is a bacterial infection. Antibiotics are the main drug of choice for bacterial infection. Evaluation of the use of antibiotics can be done quantitatively and qualitatively. The importance of evaluating the use of antibiotics in pharyngitis patients can reduce drug side effects and prevent resistance. This study's objective was to evaluate if giving antibiotics to pharyngitis patients at Banda Sakti Public Health Lhokseumawe was appropriate, quantitatively using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) method and qualitatively using the Gyssens method. This research is descriptive. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with a time-limited sampling method. The result showed that the use of antibiotics quantitatively using the DDD method found the highest total DDD was amoxicillin of 10,35 DDD/1000 patients, while the qualitative evaluation using the gyssens method for amoxicillin was classified as category IIIB because the gift was too short, cefadroxil was classified as category IVB because other antibiotics were safer, ciprofloxacin was classified as category V because it is not indicated. This study concludes that the use of antibiotics quantitatively using the DDD method found the highest total DDD was amoxicillin, while the evaluation of the use of antibiotics qualitatively classified inappropriate