Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi
Not a member yet
184 research outputs found
Sort by
Mapping rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility through integrative bioinformatics and genomics
Full text linkRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that influences several organs and tissues, especially the synovial joints, and is associated with multiple genetic and environmental factors. Numerous databases provide information on the relationship between a specific gene and the disease pathogenesis. However, it is important to further prioritize biological risk genes for downstream development and validation. This study aims to map RA-association genetic variation using genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases and prioritize influential genes in RA pathogenesis based on functional annotations. These functional annotations include missense/nonsense mutations, cis-expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL), overlap knockout mouse phenotype (KMP), protein-protein interaction (PPI), molecular pathway analysis (MPA), and primary immunodeficiency (PID). 119 genetic variants mapped had a potential high risk for RA based on functional scoring. The top eight risk genes of RA are TYK2 and IFNGR2, followed by TNFRSF1A, IL12RB1 and CD40, C5, NCF2, and IL6R. These candidate genes are potential biomarkers for RA that can aid drug discovery and disease diagnosis
Online Learning Evaluation of Drug Information Service Lectures in The Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University
Full text linkThe COVID-19 pandemic impacted the need for new adaptations in the learning process, namely by implementing an online learning system. This method remains a trend in the future, so it is necessary to conduct research to evaluate the online lectures. The evaluation process evaluates at the microlevel, namely the process, learning outcomes, and student perceptions of the Drug Information Services course.This research is evaluative and descriptive, with a cross-sectional design and quantitative and qualitative approaches. Research was conducted at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University. The respondents were 124 USD Pharmacy S-1 students who took the Drug Information Services course in the odd semester of 2020–2021. Student learning outcomes and perceptions were obtained using validated assessment rubrics and reflection questionnaires.The results showed that the implementation of Drug Information Services lectures went according to the semester learning plan; there were minor revisions to improve the dynamics of student discussions. Students learning outcomes are in the "very good" category, except for the OSCE examination, which is relatively sufficient. Student have a positive perception of this online lecture. In conclusion, this online lecture can be maintained for the future with a slight modification to the oral exam, which uses the offline method by implementing strict health protocols
The influence of service flow changes and drug consultation on quality of life of HIV/AIDS-positive patients in Sunan Kalijaga regional public hospital, Demak regency
Full text linkHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV infection/AIDS) cannot be cured but can be controlled by antiretroviral medicines. Non-compliance with the treatment is influenced by internal and external factors. The internal factors (predisposing factors) include healthcare systems, socioeconomic conditions, and patients. Meanwhile, the external factors (enabling and reinforcing factors) include the condition of the disease and therapy. This study aims to determine the influence of service flow changes and drug consultation on the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in Sunan Kalijaga Regional Public Hospital, Demak Regency.This research employed a quasi-experimental method with one group and a pre-post design. The research subject was HIV/AIDS-positive patients in Sunan Kalijaga Regional Public Hospital, Demak Regency. These subjects had met the inclusion and exclusion research criteria. The data were collected using an in-depth interview, consisting of 14 questions to determine factors in non-compliance with treatment and patients' quality of life. Patient compliance with treatment and quality of life were measured before and after the intervention. The dependent t-test was employed to determine differences in the average score of the compliance and quality of life before and after the treatment. The majority of HIV/AIDS-positive patients in Sunan Kalijaga Regional Public Hospital are in the productive age (49 people or 96.22%), female (33 people or 62.24%), employed in private jobs (16 people or 30.19%), married (34 people or 64.2%), and graduated from primary school (20 people or 37.7%). The majority of the patients have undergone the treatment for > 1 year (32 respondents or 60.4%) and received the drug regimen of ZDV + 3TC + NVP (90.57%). There is no significant difference in the patient compliance with the treatment before and after the intervention with the sig < 0.05. Moreover, the patients have a high quality of life with a compliance value of 80-100% before and after the intervention. The pre-post-interventions have influenced the physical health domain and the social relation domain with the sig < 0.05. The provision of education affects the quality of life on physical health and social relationship factors (sig < 0.005). The implementation of drug consultation could improve the HIV-positive patients' quality of life in physical health and social relationship domains. In contrast, the intervention does not affect the patients' compliance with the therapy
Mothers levels of knowledge of self-medication of diarrhea for under-five children in Kaliwates, Jember
Full text linkDiarrhea is the fifth-highest cause of death in under-five children worldwide, and it is preventable. Mild diarrhea can be treated by self-medication. In this case, mothers have an important role in handling diarrhea in children. This study aims to determine the level of mothers knowledge self-medication in diarrhea to treat under-five children in Kaliwates District, Jember. This study used an observational study design with a cross-sectional approach. The data were collected in 11 integrated healthcare centers in 3 community health centers in Kaliwates District. The research respondents were 348 mothers. Before being distributed, the questionnaire was tested to explore its validity and reliability. This questionnaire was employed to assess the mothers' level of knowledge of self-medication for infants. The data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test and Fisher Exact. The results showed that the mothers have a sufficient of knowledge level self-treatment of diarrhea for infants. There is a significant relationship between age, recent education, employment, family income, number of children, number of adult family members, information sources, and educational experience (p < 0.05). This study suggests the importance of providing interventions to improve mothers knowledge of self-medication of diarrhea.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of metformin and metformin-glimepiride in patients with type 2 diabetes at nene mallomo sidrap general hospital
No full textMetformin and metformin-glimepiride are cost-effective therapy options and are most commonly prescribed to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aims to determine the cost-effectiveness of using metformin and metformin-glimepiride in patients with type 2 DM at Nene Mallomo Sidenreng Rappang General Hospital. This analytical descriptive observational research employed a retrospective cohort design. The data of type 2 DM patients, new and old patients, were obtained from the medical record unit. The target population was data of outpatients for the period January-December 2019. The parameter of the therapeutic effectiveness is the random blood sugar levels of the patients after receiving treatment. The data on cost from the hospital perspective were obtained from the administration and finance unit. Cost-effectiveness analysis employed calculations of the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Meanwhile, the risk ratio (RR) employed the analytical chi-squared method to determine the relationship between the two types of therapies and their effectiveness. This study has revealed that 30 patients met the inclusion criteria; 14 patients received metformin therapy and 16 patients received metformin-glimepiride therapy. Metformin therapy is more effective (64.29%) and more costly (IDR120,736). The metformin's ACER value is 1877.99, and its ICER value is -3107.26. The cost-effectiveness analysis has revealed that metformin therapy is more cost-effective than metformin-glimepiride therapy. Meanwhile, the chi-squared analysis has discovered no relationship between the two therapies and their effectiveness. The RR value of 1.080 concludes that metformin has 1.080 as much therapeutic effectiveness as the metformin-glimepiride
Formulation of self-nano emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) Red Ginger extract (Zingiber Officinale var. rubrum)
Full text linkRed ginger extract is one of the new medicinal discoveries made from natural substances that has pharmacological benefits in the treatment of diabetes. Many gingerol components in red ginger can aid in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, the administration of red ginger extract is not so effective, a delivery system such as SNEDDS (Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery System) must be developed. When compared to standard formulations, SNEDDS can boost the oral bioavailability of lipophilic medicines by up to 2.4 times. The oil phase of SNEDDS red ginger extract was virgin coconut oil, with tween 80 as a surfactant and PEG 400 as a co-surfactant. The fourth formula of the SNEDSS preparation of red ginger rhizome extract satisfied the requirements for a good nanoemulsion particle size in this study, with a percent T value of 99.7% and PSA test data showing that this formulation met the requirements for a good nanoemulsion particle siz
Formulation and anti-bacterial of liquid soap combination of Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle), Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanni Ness Ex Bi.), and Orange Lemon (Citrus lemon L.) Essential Oils on Staphylococcus epidermidis
Full text linkThe condition of our community in the midst of a pandemic makes us aware of the importance of cleanliness. One way to maintain cleanliness is to clean our self with soap. Cinnamon has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Lemongrass has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while lemons are able to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The aims of this study are to determine the formulation and physical stability of liquid soap with a combination of lemongrass, cinnamon, and lemon essential oils and to determine its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis. Physical evaluation of soap includes organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, and specific gravity which is compared with SNI, and hedonic test is performed. Antibacterial test was performed against Staphylococcus epidermidis.The results of the study obtained homogeneous liquid soap preparations, thick liquid form, a yellow-orange color, distinctive smell of citronella. Specific gravity (g/ml) test results meet the requirements of SNI, which is between 1.01 – 1.10 at room temperature. The results of the pH test meet the requirements of SNI, which are between 8 – 11. The results of the viscosity (cPas) test show that there is an increase in viscosity from week 1 to week 6. The increase in viscosity is related to particle size during storage. The foam height (cm) test results obtained F1: 11.76 ± 0.67, F2: 11.67 ± 1.25, F3: 11.33 ± 1.02, F4: 11.60 ± 0.79, F5: 11.18 ± 0.84. The results of the hedonic test obtained that the average respondent liked the foam produced, the shape, color, comfort when used, and the smell. The lowest value of the hedonic test is the smell of the liquid soap that is produced. From the results of antibacterial test against S. Epidermidis, it is known that liquid soap has antibacterial activity with strong inhibitory power
Integration of genomic databases and bioinformatic approach to identify genomic variants for sjogren’s syndrome on multiple continents
Full text linkAn autoimmune disorder is an abnormality that causes a disease. It is caused by a weakened immune system. One of the autoimmune diseases is Sjogren’s syndrome, which affects the salivary and lacrimal glands and causes dry mouth, dry eyes, and dry skin. Sjogren’s syndrome influences humans of every age, with the symptoms occurring at the age of 45–55 years and rarely in children. One of the factors causing Sjogren’s syndrome is genetic disorders. To identify genes that can influence Sjogren’s syndrome in this study, we used several databases, including GWAS Catalog, HaploReg Version 4.1, GTEX portal, and Ensembl, particularly to identify the gene expression profiles of TNIP1, TNFAIP3, and IRF5 and the quantitative properties of locus’ expression. This research showed that the missense variants and splice donor rs2233290, rs2230926, and rs2004640 influenced the susceptibility of autoimmune diseases, especially Sjogren’s syndrome, in the fibroblast tissue, sigmoid tissue, sigmoid colon, skin, esophagus, and adrenal glands. The allele frequency of each variant was then assessed in African, American, European, and Asian populations. Our data showed that TNIP1, TNFAIP3, and IRF5 genes in African and American populations had higher frequencies than in the Asian population. This implies that the last of the aforementioned populations might be relatively susceptible to the autoimmune disease Sjogren’s syndrome
Evaluation of service quality and complaint handling on outpatient satisfaction at the pharmaceutical installation of mokoyurli buol regional public hospital
Full text linkPharmaceutical installations have an important role in improving and providing effective services to achieve patient satisfaction. Patients' complaints occur if they receive a service that does not meet expectations. The hospital management must investigate the causes of patients' complaints. Solving the patients' complaints indicates that the hospital can fulfill their expectations. The purpose of this study is to examine the results of servqual on service quality, customer satisfaction index, and importance-performance analysis on service quality and complaint handling. This research employed a descriptive design with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study was conducted by distributing questionnaires to 100 outpatients. The respondents' answers were then analyzed using the Cartesian diagram to obtain quadrants A, B, C, and D. Interviews were directly conducted with the complaint management and pharmaceutical installation staff to explore the attributes included in quadrant A (top priority). The patients were selected using the purposive sampling method. Finally, the data were analyzed using the servqual analysis, importance-performance analysis, and customer satisfaction index. The result shows that the service quality dimension has a negative gap value. The reliability dimension has the smallest gap while the responsiveness dimension has the largest gap. The result of the customer satisfaction index shows that outpatient satisfaction with the service quality and complaint handling has a value of 56.53%. Thus, this dimension is categorized as quite satisfying. The result of the importance-performance analysis shows that the dimensions included in quadrant A are the tangible evidence dimension, including poor physical facilities, and the responsiveness dimension, including patients' long waiting time to manage prescriptions and complaint handling
Antioxidant activities of extracts, methanol, and n-hexane partitions of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Full text linkAntioxidants are substances that can neutralize and/or stabilize free radicals. Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is a natural source of antioxidants because it contains carotenoids, flavonoids, and vitamin C. This study aims to examine antioxidant activities of n-hexane, methanol, and extract of cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) method. The extraction method was done by maceration, and the fractionation method was done by partitioning using unmixed solvents: methanol and n-hexane. The phytochemical screening test on extracts and partitions has discovered positive content of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids. Meanwhile, the TLC test used F254 silica gel as a stationary phase with chloroform: ethyl acetate as a mobile phase (6:4). The test discovered positive results containing flavonoids and phenols. Furthermore, the antioxidant activities were tested using the FRAP method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument at a maximum value of 598.05 nm and positive control of vitamin C. The results of measurement show that antioxidant activities are found in 505.67 ± 0.56 mol Fe2+/g of partition extract, 447.67 ± 16.2 mol Fe2+/g of methanol fraction, and 353± 5.29 mol Fe2+/g of n-hexane fraction