Media Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi
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Toxicity test of Kedayan root infusion (Aristolochia sp.) using brine shrimp lethality test method
Full text linkKedayan roots are still used by the Lundayeh Dayak people as traditional medicine. This plant is one of the Aristolochia sp. species whose production and distribution as traditional medicine or food supplements are prohibited by the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency of the Republic of Indonesia because it has side effects that are harmful to the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of kedayan root infusion using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method based on the LC50 value. Toxicity test was carried out by varying the concentration of Kedayan root infusion, namely 100, 500, and 1000 ppm, as an intervention against Artemia salina Leach with a negative control in the form of 2.8% saline solution for 24 hours with 3 replications, then observing the presence or absence of movement of Artemia salina L. Larvae. Test results data in the form of % mortality obtained, then analyzed using the probit regression analysis method to determine the LC50 value. The results of this study indicate that the kedayan root infusion has very high toxicity, the LC50 value is 101.9278 ppm
Direct medical cost of metformin and metformin-glimepiride in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus (DM) requires long-term therapy. Selection of the right therapy was very important to provide optimal results at an affordable cost. One of the main standards of oral antidiabetic therapy prescribed for type 2 DM (T2DM) is metformin, either alone or in combination therapy. The purpose of this study was to describe the direct medical costs in type 2 DM patients between metformin and metformin-glimepiride therapy. This research was an observational and descriptive. Demographic and clinical data were taken prospectively from the complete medical records of data patients with the main diagnosis of DM who fulfilled the inclusion criteria in the period January 2019–November 2020 at RSU Nene Mallomo Sidenreng Rappang, South Sulawesi and the two Public Health Centers namely Puskesmas Galur. II and Panjatan II Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. Cost data includes total medical costs from the hospital/ healthcare perspective (cost of drugs, doctor's services and checkups, fees for checking Fasting Blood Glucose/ Gula darah Puasa (GDP) and Blood Glucose Level While/ Gula Darah Sewaktu (GDS)) and total costs from the Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS)/ payer perspective (INA-CBG's rates) were covered by insurance. The results showed that the average direct medical costs at the hospital and the two Public Health Centers respectively were metformin therapy in IDR (Indonesian Rupiah) namely IDR 120.736 and IDR 9.072,- and metformin-glimepiride therapy of IDR 126.298,- and IDR 18.634,-. It can be concluded that the average direct medical cost of metformin therapy is lower than metformin-glimepiride therapy
A study of hemodynamic medicine use in intensive cardiac care unit of dr. Soedarso regional public hospital, Pontianak
Full text linkHemodynamic medicines are important to recover patients with a critical period in the ICCU. Hemodynamic medicines have a small range of dose so that it has a large effect on the therapy. Therefore, a study on the use of hemodynamic medicines and doses is necessarily conducted. This study aims to investigate the use and doses of hemodynamic medicines administered to patients in the ICCU of dr. Soedarso Hospital Pontianak. This study is observational research with a descriptive cross-sectional design. The research sample was 49 patients who had met the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed descriptively to describe the frequency and percentage. The results show that a single hemodynamic medicine is administered to 65% of the patients and a combination of hemodynamic medicines is administered to 35% of the patients. The single medicine refers to dobutamine administered to 84.4% of the patients. Meanwhile, the combination of hemodynamic medicines consists of dobutamine and norepinephrine that are administered to 52.9% of the patients. The doses of hemodynamic medicines frequently administered to patients are 3-5 μg/kg/min dobutamine, 3-10 μg/kg/min dopamine, 0.01-2-2 μg/kg/min norepinephrine, and 1 mg/ml epinephrine. This study concludes that dobutamine (inotropic) is the most frequently used single hemodynamic medicine, and norepinephrine (vasopressor) is the most frequently used combined hemodynamic medicine for the ICCU patients at dr. Soedarso Regional Public Hospital, Pontianak
Optimization of thin layers of coated turmeric extract (Curcuma longa L) tablets using a dipping method
Full text linkTurmeric extracts have many benefits, such as an anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuro-protector for dementia. The turmeric extracts can be prepared in the form of a thin layer of coated tablets through a dipping method using the dip coating and Simplex lattice design (SLD) methods. The quality of the thin layers of coated tablets is much related to the formulation in the coating process. This research aims to formulate and optimize the coating composition of HPMC, PEG-400, and dip time. Consequently, the TSLT meets the standard requirements. The core tablets were made by using the wet granulation method with the formulation of turmeric extract, erosol, lactose, gelatin, and aquades. Before the core tablets had been produced, the eligibility of granules was initially evaluated based on the standard requirements. Subsequently, the core tablets that meet the standard requirements were printed and replicated. The coating processes on core tablets were performed by dipping into the coating solution in the various duration of dipping times: 5, 30, and 60 seconds. The coating solution consists of HPMC, PEG-400, glycerine, sunset yellow, and distillate water. Then, produced TSLTs were evaluated based on the hardness, friability, and disintegration time. The best optimization process for the mixture of HPMC and PEG-400 indicates a more positive value of R (R = 0.2024)
A comparison study between single aspirin antiplatelet and single clopidogrel antiplatelet on average period of recurrent stroke dr. Sayidiman Magetan
Full text linkStroke is a common neurological disease that rapidly develops clinical signs of focal and global neurological deficits, lasts 24 hours or more, and leads to death. The danger that threatens stroke sufferers is recurrent strokes which can be fatal and result in a worse quality of life than the first attack. This condition indicates that the effect of antiplatelet drugs is not strong, or called antiplatelet resistance. Antiplatelet is a blood thinner used by stroke sufferers to prevent blood clots and treat the narrowing blood vessels in the legs, namely in peripheral artery disease. This research aims to compare single aspirin antiplatelet and single clopidogrel antiplatelet on the average period of recurrent stroke. This observational research employed a cross-sectional approach by processing the medical record data of stroke patients from 2018 to 2020 at dr. Sayidiman Magetan Regional Public Hospital. The obtained data were then analyzed and concluded. The results show that the mean duration of recurrent stroke on aspirin antiplatelet use is 357.88. Meanwhile, the mean duration of recurrent stroke in the antiplatelet clopidogrel is 138.59 days. Moreover, there is a significant difference between the use of a single aspirin antiplatelet and single clopidogrel antiplatelet on the duration of recurrent stroke with a p-value of 0.000
Formulation and Evaluation of Pulp Devitalization Paste Combination of Jatropha Curcas L. and Piper Crocatum Leaves Extract
Full text linkDental caries require operative techniques such as pulp devitalization, but pulp devitalization materials that are often used by dentists have serious adverse effects that need to be considered, such as gingival injury and alveolar bone necrosis. Hence, the aim of the present study was to develop natural ingredients as an alternative to pulp devitalization from a combination of Jatropha curcas (Jatropha curcas L.) and red betel leaf extract (Piper crocatum) in the form of a paste and then conducting physical evaluation tests, Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) tests, and also histopathological picture tests to the sample. The formulation of the pasta sample was carried out by the trituration method. Formulation I (FI) contained 25% of Jatropha resin, 0.25% red betel leaf extract, and 25% Jatropha resin, 0.5% red betel leaf extract for Formulation II (FII). The paste produced was then evaluated for physical properties which consisted of organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, adhesion, and anti-inflammatory power using test animals with COX-2 expression number parameters. The FI and FII treatment groups had met the requirements as paste formula. In the COX-2 expression test, FI has a COX-2 expression percentage value of 0.38% and a COX-2 suppression percentage value of 0.62%, while FII has a COX-2 expression percentage value of 0.59% and a COX-2 expression percentage of 0.59% and suppression of COX-2 of 0.41%. The optimal concentration of the paste formulation is the paste with a combination of 25% jatropha latex and 0.25% red betel leaf extract had been shown to have potential as an alternative to pulp devitalizatio
An overview of Covid-19 patients with and without comorbid Diabetes Mellitus at Surabaya Hajj general hospital
Full text linkDiabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common comorbidities found in patients infected with Covid-19 with severity and death. To obtain an overview of Covid-19 patients with and without comorbid DM. A retrospective cohort study, taking subjective data on Covid-19 patients with and without DM at Surabaya Hajj general hospital for the period of March 2020 to June 2021. Data analysis using the Chi-square test was to determine differences in both test variables. The death of Covid-19 patients with comorbid DM was found with the condition in which the average random blood glucose (RBG) increased by >150 mg/dl (286 mg/dl), as well as in recovered patients (197 mg/dl); meanwhile, patients without comorbid DM died with also an increase in the RBG value (166 mg/dl). Male patients were found to be more prone to get infected with Covid-19 than female patients. It can be concluded that there was no significant difference in the severity of cases in Covid-19 patients with comorbid DM and without comorbid DM. Deaths due to Covid-19 in patients with comorbid DM or without comorbid DM occurs due to the increasing blood glucose value by >150 mg/dl
Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of fungal endophytes isolated from leaf gambir leaves (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb)
Full text linkGambir (Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb) is a Sumatran medicinal plant that has various bioactivities, including antibacterial. This study aims to isolate endophytic fungi from gambier leaves and test the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate extracts of fungal endophytes from gambir leaves. The fungal endophytes were isolated by inoculating the fungus obtained from gambir leaves on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. The fungal endophytes were identified microscopically and macroscopically. Furthermore, the fungal endophytes were cultivated using rice media : aquades (100 : 110). The cultivated fungus was macerated using ethyl acetate solvent and tested using a screening test. The antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi was conducted using the agar diffusion method against Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853). This study has revealed five fungal isolates from gambir leaves and identified the isolates as Penicillium sp 1 (0.39 g), Penicillium sp 2 (0.26 g), Neopestalotiopsis sp (0.97 g), Colletotrichum capsici (0.46 g), and Aspergillus sp (0.25 g). The ethyl acetate extracts of each fungal endophyte show the presence of phenolic compounds and have inhibition against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The highest antibacterial activity is shown by ethyl acetate extracts of the fungal endophytes of Neopestalotiopsis sp at a concentration of 7.5% on P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 23±3.9 mm and S. aureus ATCC 25923 14±2.5 mm. Tests on B. subtilis ATCC 6633 and E. coli ATCC 25922 with the highest inhibition zones were indicated by the ethyl acetate extracts of the fungus Aspergillus sp of 15.3±4 mm and 14±1.9 mm, respectively
Validity and reliability of the Indonesian Version of HIV-KQ-18 in assessing public knowledge about HIV/AIDS in the special region of Yogyakarta
Full text linkAn assessment of public knowledge about HIV/AIDS is necessary for the development of educational strategies and materials. A valid and reliable instrument is needed to obtain comparable assessment of public knowledge about HIV/AIDS from time to time. This research study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of HIV-KQ-18 in assessing public knowledge about HIV/AIDS in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. This research study used a cross-sectional design with the inclusion criteria being people living in Yogyakarta who were at least 18 years old and the exclusion criteria being respondents who did not fill out the instrument completely and did not fill out duplicate forms from the same respondent. The instrument was analyzed using product-moment correlation and known-group validity, while its reliability was tested using Kuder-Richardson Formula 20 (KR20). The total number of respondents as the subjects in this research study was 305. The results of the validity test of the HIV-KQ-18 obtained an r-xy value from 0.177-.564, greater than r-table (0.112), and the HIV-KQ-18 instrument exhibited high reliability with a KR20 value of 0.763. The test of known-groups validity showed that there were significant differences in all groups tested, except for the group based on age. The HIV-KQ-18 is a valid and reliable instrument and it can be used to assess public knowledge about HIV/AIDS in the Special Region of Yogyakarta
Quality of life of dengue patients in Panembahan Senopati regional general hospital
Full text linkYogyakarta is one of the top 10 cities with the highest number of dengue cases in Indonesia. One of the reasons for this is the lack of knowledge about the dengue virus in the community. To find out the quality of life of dengue patients in the Bantul Penembahan Senopati Public Hospital.This research uses the descriptive method with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique utilized was the purposive sampling method. 18 research subjects were chosen as the sample with an inclusion criteria of patients undergoing inpatient treatment and aged > 4 years of age. This study used the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-5D-Y.The quality of life of 70% of the adult patients experienced pain of EQ-VAS 67 ± 17.191, while all child patients experienced pain of EQ-VAS 54.375 ± 11.783. The quality of life of dengue patients was measured with the EQ-5D-5L for adults and EQ-5D-Y for children and obtained a poor score due to a decrease in the dimension of pain felt and the usual activities done such as working, studying, and playing