168,665 research outputs found
Are You Being Rejected or Excluded? Insights from Neuroimaging Studies Using Different Rejection Paradigms
No full textRejection sensitivity is the heightened tendency to perceive or anxiously expect disengagement from others during social interaction. There has been a recent wave of neuroimaging studies of rejection. The aim of the current review was to determine key brain regions involved in social rejection by selectively reviewing neuroimaging studies that employed one of three paradigms of social rejection, namely social exclusion during a ball-tossing game, evaluating feedback about preference from peers and viewing scenes depicting rejection during social interaction. A cross the different paradigms of social rejection, there was concordance in regions for experiencing rejection, namely dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), subgenual ACC and ventral ACC. Functional dissociation between the regions for experiencing rejection and those for emotion regulation, namely medial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and ventral striatum, was evident in the positive association between social distress and regions for experiencing rejection and the inverse association between social distress and the emotion regulation regions. The paradigms of social exclusion and scenes depicting rejection in social interaction were more adept at evoking rejection-specific neural responses. These responses were varyingly influenced by the amount of social distress during the task, social support received, self-esteem and social competence. Presenting rejection cues as scenes of people in social interaction showed high rejection sensitive or schizotypal individuals to under-activate the dorsal ACC and VLPFC, suggesting that such individuals who perceive rejection cues in others down-regulate their response to the perceived rejection by distancing themselves from the scene
Amantadine inhibits the function of an ion channel encoded by GB virus-B but fails to inhibit virus replication
No full textX. Dong, A. Premkumar, G. Haqshenas, P.W. Gage and E.J. Gowan
Symplocos sisparensis B. Karthik, Murug., Anusuba, Premkumar & R. Tharani 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Symplocos sisparensis</i> B. Karthik, Murug., Anusuba, Premkumar & R. Tharani, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Figure 1) <p> <b>Type:—</b> INDIA. Tamil Nadu: The Nilgiris Distr., Way to Nadugani-Mukurthi National Park, 11°15′13.94″ N, 76°29′13.50″ E, ± 2223 m, 29.11.2022, <i>M</i> <i>. Murugesan & B.</i> <i>Karthik 148115</i> (Holotype MH; Isotypes MH).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis:—</b> Small tree with glabrous branches (vs medium to large tree with villous branches); leaf margins crenulate, each crenulate tooth with a blunt tip, glabrous abaxially with 4–6 pairs of lateral veins (vs leaf margins serrulate, each serrulate tooth with sharp tip, midrib sparsely long-hairy with 7–13 pairs of lateral veins); calyx lobes equal, glabrous and pinkish along margins, hairy in middle of abaxial side (vs calyx lobes unequal, glabrous or sparsely appressed-hairy, greenish along margins); style hairy, curved and constricted at middle (vs style glabrous except at base, style curved without constriction); fruits 7–10 mm long, globose or cylindrical to ellipsoid with blunt apex (vs fruits 1.2–1.4 cm long, broadly cylindrical to ellipsoid or oblongoid, truncate at ends) (Figure 3).</p> Description <p>Large shrub to small tree, up to 4 m high. Bark grey, young branchlets light greenish yellow, glabrous, covered with pulvinate leaf scars, twigs have discontinuous growth. Leaves simple, alternate-spiral, exstipulate; lamina 5–9 × 2–3.5 cm, elliptic, shortly attenuate towards base, crenulate along margin, acute-acuminate at apex, mid vein prominent abaxially, impressed adaxially, secondary veins abaxially prominent, lateral veins 4–6-pair, convergent towards apex with intramarginal venation, terminal vegetative juvenile leaves abaxially pubescent also covered by bract-like scales, densely pubescent abaxially. Petioles 1–1.5 cm long, brown, canaliculate near the base on adaxial side, glabrous. Inflorescence in axillary spikes on young and rarely on mature branches; sometimes flowers subsessile. Peduncles 1–5 cm long, pubescent at flowering, glabrescent during fruiting. Bracts 3.5–4.5 × 2.5–3 mm, ovate to cymbiform. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, 1–2 × 1–1.5 mm, caducous, brown, acute at apex, truncate at base, ciliate along margin, concave, appressed sericeous adaxially, glabrous abaxially. Flowers 3–9 in cluster on a spike, 6–7.5 × 7–8 mm. Calyx tube green, ca. 2 mm long, glabrous, 5-lobed; lobes deltoid, 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, glabrous and green to pinkish at margins, sparsely hairy from middle to apex abaxially. Corolla white, 3–4.5 × 3–3.5 mm, deeply 5-lobed; lobes connate at base, elliptic, obtuse or subobtuse at apex, 5-veined. Stamens 55–70 in 4 or 5 irregular series, uppermost series extending beyond corolla, 1–6 mm long; filaments equally wide from base to apex; anthers ca. 1 mm long. Style 2–3 mm long, shorter than corolla, constricted at middle; stigma capitate. Disk 5-glandular, stellate-hairy. Fruits 7–10 × 4–6 mm, globose or cylindrical to ellipsoid with blunt apex, not grooved.</p> <p> <b>Flowering & Fruiting:</b> October–December.</p> <p> <b>Etymology:</b> The new species named after the type locality, Sispara Ghats of Mukurthi National Park, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu.</p> <p> <b>Habitat & Ecology:</b> <i>Daphniphyllum neilgherrense</i> (Wight) Rosenthal (1919: 7), <i>Eurya nitida</i> Korthals (1841: 115), <i>Hedyotis sisaparensis</i> Gage (1906: 244), <i>Berberis nilghiriensis</i> Ahrendt (1945: 1), <i>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</i> (Aiton) Hasskarl (1842: 35), <i>Rubus ellipticus</i> Smith (1815: 16) and <i>Myrsine wightiana</i> Wallich ex de Candolle (1834: 106).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Mukurthi National Park, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu, India (Figure 2).</p> <p> <b>Conservation status:</b> During the present study, the authors have observed seven individuals of this new species, on the way to Nadugani-Mukurthi National Park covering about 2 km 2 geographical areas. Therefore, it is provisionally assessed here as Critically Endangered [CR, D], according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2022).</p>Published as part of <i>Karthik, B., Murugesan, M., Anusuba, V., Premkumar, M. & Tharani, R., 2023, Symplocos sisparensis (Symplocaceae), a new species from the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, pp. 83-90 in Phytotaxa 589 (1)</i> on pages 84-89, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.589.1.8, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7755073">http://zenodo.org/record/7755073</a>
Improving health literacy in community populations: a review of progress
No full textGovernments around the world have adopted national policies and programs to improve health literacy. This paper examines progress in the development of evidence to support these policies from interventions to improve health literacy among community populations. Our review found only a limited number of studies (n=7) that met the criteria for inclusion, with many more influenced by the concept of health literacy but not using it in the design and evaluation. Those included were diverse in setting, population and intended outcomes. All included educational strategies to develop functional health literacy, and a majority designed to improve interactive or critical health literacy skills. Several papers were excluded because they described a protocol for an intervention, but not results, indicating that our review may be early in a cycle of activity in community intervention research. The review methodology may not have captured all relevant studies, but it provides a clear message that the academic interest and attractive rhetoric surrounding health literacy needs to be tested more systematically through intervention experimentation in a wide range of populations using valid and reliable measurement tools. The distinctive influence of the concept of health literacy on the purpose and methodologies of health education and communication is not reflected in many reported interventions at present. Evidence to support the implementation of national policies and programs, and the intervention tools required by community practitioners are not emerging as quickly as needed. This should be addressed as a matter of priority by research funding agencies.</p
Design and development of non-isolated modified SEPIC DC-DC converter topology for high-step-up applications: Investigation and hardware implementation
No full textA new non-isolated modified SEPIC front-end dc-dc converter for the low power system is proposed in this paper, and this converter is the next level of the traditional SEPIC converter with additional devices, such as two diodes and splitting of the output capacitor into two equal parts. The circuit topology proposed in this paper is formulated by combining the boost structure with the traditional SEPIC converter. Therefore, the proposed converter has the benefit of the SEPIC converter, such as continuous input current. The proposed circuit structure also improves the features, such as high voltage gain and high conversion efficiency. The converter comprises one MOSFET switch, one coupled inductor, three diodes, and two capacitors, including the output capacitor. The converter effectively recovers the leakage energy of the coupled inductor through the passive clamp circuit. The operation of the proposed converter is explained in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). The required voltage gain of the converter can be acquired by adjusting the coupled inductor turn’s ratio along with the additional devices at less duty cycle of the switch. The simulation of the proposed converter under CCM is carried out, and an experimental prototype of 100 W, 25 V/200 V is made, and the experimental outcomes are presented to validate the theoretical discussions of the proposed converter. The operating performance of the proposed converter is compared with the converters discussed in the literature. The proposed converter can be extended by connecting voltage multiplier (VM) cell circuits to get the ultra-high voltage gain
A 2 h periodic variation in the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1
No full textSpectroscopy of the low-mass X-ray binary Ser X-1 using the Gran Telescopio Canarias have revealed a ?2 h periodic variability that is present in the three strongest emission lines. We tentatively interpret this variability as due to orbital motion, making it the first indication of the orbital period of Ser X-1. Together with the fact that the emission lines are remarkably narrow, but still resolved, we show that a main-sequence K dwarf together with a canonical 1.4 M? neutron star gives a good description of the system. In this scenario, the most likely place for the emission lines to arise is the accretion disc, instead of a localized region in the binary (such as the irradiated surface or the stream-impact point), and their narrowness is due instead to the low inclination (?10°) of Ser X-1
CVD of Ru, Pt and Pt-based alloy thin films using ethanol as mild reducing agent
No full text3 Premkumar, P. Antony Prakash, N. S. Gaillard, F. Bahlawane, N.Noble metal thin films (Pt and Ru) were grown at 250 degrees C, using commercially available precursors, by the pulsed spray evaporation chemical vapor deposition (PSE-CVD) technique. The growth process relies on the thermally activated reaction of ethanol with the metal acetylacetonate precursors. The synthesized polycrystalline films are pure metal phase and crystallize in hexagonal (Ru) and cubic (Pt) structures. The formation of an interfacial suicide phase was noticed in the case of the Pt growth on silicon substrates. The films are smooth, continuous and show a steady growth without any noticeable incubation time. The single-step growth of Pt-based alloys, Pt-Co and Pt-Cu, with controlled composition was performed by simply adjusting the composition of the liquid feedstock. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
sj-docx-7-hss-10.1177_15563316221099014 – Supplemental material for The Complex Process of Using the Interconnected Knee Arthroplasty Device Clearance Pathway
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-7-hss-10.1177_15563316221099014 for The Complex Process of Using the Interconnected Knee Arthroplasty Device Clearance Pathway by Andrew Zhu, Xiaohan Ying, Christian A. Pean, Neil P. Sheth, Michael B. Cross, Alejandro Gonzalez Della Valle and Ajay Premkumar in HSS Journal®: The Musculoskeletal Journal of Hospital for Special Surgery</p
Interfacial catalysis of aldol reactions by prolinamide surfactants in reverse micelles
No full textL-Proline and their derivatives are among the most important class of organic catalysts. Three prolinamide surfactants were designed and synthesized. Although the surfactants carried identical catalytic groups, their headgroups contained different functionalities that affected their ability to self-assemble under reverse micelle conditions and hydrogen-bond with the reactants. The surfactant with a zwitterionic headgroup capable of strong aggregation was found to have the highest activity. The self-association of the surfactants played critical roles in the enhanced activity. The location of the catalytic groups at the surfactant/polar solvent interface also endowed unusual selectivity in the catalyzed aldol reactions.This is a manuscript of an article published as Arivalagan, Premkumar Rathinam, and Yan Zhao. "Interfacial catalysis of aldol reactions by prolinamide surfactants in reverse micelles." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 13, no. 3 (2015): 770-775. DOI: 10.1039/C4OB02074J. Posted with permission.</p
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