1,720,981 research outputs found
Dimensi Kepentingan Dalam Pengembangan Kelembagaan Ketahanan Pangan Lokal : Studi Kasus Program Aksi Mandiri Pangan di Desa Jambakan, Kecamatan Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten, Propinsi Jawa Tengah.
Full text linkMasalah ketahanan pangan dan kemiskinan merupakan masalah mendasar pembangunan masyarakat pedesaan. Desa Jambakan adalah salah satu desa rawan pangan di Kabupaten Klaten yang memperoleh bantuan Program Mapan pada tahun 2005 dengan jumlah KK miskin mencapai 74,7 persen. Sebagian besar mata pencaharian penduduk adalah petani berstatus sebagai buruh tani atau penggarap dengan rata-rata kepemilikan lahan sangat sempit (kurang dari 0,5 ha). Jenis tanah tandus dan tidak ada sistem irigasi sehingga pertaniannya tadah hujan (padi setahun sekali dan selalu gagal panen). Oleh karena itu pertanian tidak bisa diandalkan dan mulai beralih pada off farm. Terdapat beberapa kelembagaan ketahanan pangan lokal yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sudah menjadi penjamin keberlangsungan masyarakat setempat, diantaranya arisan, lumbung pengajian, warung, dan kelompok usaha tenun
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Assessment of farmers perception to corporate institutional for the development of sheep farming in the village : Case study in the villages of Jambu sub district, district of Semarang
Full text linkThe objective of the study is to determine that sheep farming in the villages to increase farmers welfare could be developed taken into consideration of farmers perception and attitude which were included in the planning of development programme. In order to achieve the objective more effectively, the institutional system of sheep farming needs to be transformed into a corporate institution. Field study was conducted during the period of 1994-1997 in two villages of Jambu sub district, District of Semarang. Two approaches were used simultaneously, i.e. ideografis and nomotetis to analyze the data and information. Result s showed that, first, sheep farming in the villages still had big development opportunity .second, the threat of stagnation in the sheep farming may occur due to high dependency on family labor and lack of capital. Third, due to top down policy and lack of vision on the agrobusiness activities, the development of sheep farming could be hampered. Fourth, transforming into a corporate institution may increase economic profitability of sheep farming as well as performance of the farms. Fifth, in order to realize the development of corporate business systems, need to establish a pilot project. To implement the concept, support from banking institution especially for discount rate was necessary, along with the involvement of ATAI (Agricultural Technology Assessment Institutes), local livestock services, credit system and local government leader that has people oriented vision
Tanah, Pertanian dan dorongan migrasi: Kasus pada dua komunitas pertanian di dataran tinggi di kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Full text linkIndonesianWalaupun "revolusi" di bidang pertanian ("revolusi hijau") telah memperlihatkan hasilnya, dan revolusi pertanahan (UU Pokok Agraria 1960) telah dibuat, tampaknya gejala adanya dorongan penduduk desa untuk bermigrasi ke luar desanya masih kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji lebih mendalam dan holistik kaitan antar tanah, pertanian dan dorongan penduduk bermigrasi. Dengan mengambil kasus pada komunitas pertanian di dataran tinggi (desa Kedungpoh dan Katongan), kecamatan Nglipar, kabupaten Gunung Kidul diperoleh beberapa gambaran, Pertama, sumberdaya tanah masih menjadi faktor strategis yang menentukan dinamika perekonomian dan kesejahteraan masyarakat pedesaan. Kuatnya dorongan penduduk untuk bermigrasi ke luar desanya antara lain disebabkan oleh semakin sempitnya rata-rata penguasaan tanah pertanian. Kedua, perkembangan teknologi pertanian yang ada belum cukup memebri peluang petani memperoleh pendapatan yang wajar untuk memenuhi hidup keluarganya. Dorongan melakukan migrasi ke luar, dalam rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan hidupnya, yang dialami petani perlu dipandang sebagai gejala positif. Ketiga, keinginan golongan muda pedesaan bermigrasi ke kota tampaknya sejalan dengan keinginan orangtua yang umumnya jarang yang menghendaki anaknya tetap bekerja di pertanian. Status pekerjaan di kota, terutama pegawai (pemerintah maupun swasta), dinilai mencerminkan status sosial yang terhormat. Keempat, sejauh informasi tentang daerah tujuan dianggap meyakinkan, migrasi ke desa daerah lain (misalnya: Lampung) diminati oleh penduduk (terutama) golongan diatas usia muda. Kelima, tampaknya masalah penataan pertanahan di pedesaan tetap penting untuk diperhatikan, dan diperkirakan akan tetap menjadi penentu yang sulit diabaikan bagi dinamika perekonomian dan kesejahteraan masyarakat di pedesaan
Diagnosa Kerapuhan Kelembagaan Perekonomian Pedesaan
Full text linkEnglishInstitutional brittleness could be considered as the major cause of rural economy development failure, and ultimately it is reflected in national economy that have been hit economic crisis. In addition, the economic, financial and industrial designers have less understanding on how important agricultural sector in supporting national economy (agricultural development policy makers tend to follow them), and they also possess less knowledge of how important institutional roles in rural economy development. If only at the initial stage, the rural economic institutional had been firmly established and then established an agricultural endowment richness based national economy development, then not only rural communities will be free of the tempestuous economic crisis (as still takes place up to date) but also the national economy will describe the greatness of rural community’s economy transformation with a good sample of social system for many countries. Rural economy institutional fragility is indicated by ineffective leader factor empowerment (as a progress mover) in rural areas, let values and norms leading for rural economic progress undeveloped, rural economic organization and structure had been let to be flimsy, autonomy aspect had not lifted rural community’s political power in economic activities and ignored rural human resource competence factors.IndonesianKerapuhan kelembagaan bisa dipandang sebagai “biang keladi” kegagalan pengembangan perekonomian pedesaan, yang pada gilirannya hal ini tercermin pada perekonomian nasional yang tidak dapat mengelak dari krisis. Selain para perancang pembangunan di kalangan EKUIN (dan kalangan ahli dan pemegang kebijakan pembangunan pertanian) dinilai kurang paham terhadap pentingnya sektor pertanian dalam menopang perekonomian nasional, juga dinilai kurang paham tentang pentingnya peran kelembagaan dalam pengembangan perekonomian pedesaan. Jika sejak awal kelembagaan perekonomian pedesaan dibangun secara mantap dan kekayaan alam pertanian dijadikan basis pengembangan perekonomian nasional, maka bukan saja masyarakat pedesaan akan terbebas dari krisis ekonomi yang gawat (seperti yang terjadi hingga saat ini), melainkan juga perekonomian nasional kita akan dapat mengambarkan kehebatan transformasi perekonomian masyarakat pedesaan yang dihiasi tatanan sosial yang patut dicontoh masyarakat di banyak negara. Kerapuhan kelembagaan perekonomian pedesaan ditunjukkan oleh tidak efektifnya pemberdayaan faktor kepemimpinan (sebagai penggerak kemajuan) di pedesaan, tidak terbangunnya tata nilai yang menggerakkan kemajuan ekonomi (pertanian di) pedesaan, struktur dan keorganisasian ekonomi pedesaan yang dibiarkan rapuh, otonomi yang tidak mengangkat kedaulatan (politik) masyarakat pedesaan dalam kegiatan ekonomi serta dibiarkannya faktor kompetensi sumberdaya manusia pedesaan terbengkalai
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