1,858 research outputs found
Ask questions, get sales : close the deak and create long-term relationships / Stephan Schiffman.
No full textIncludes index.v, 168 pages ;In Ask Questions, Get Sales, the author and sales guru Stephan Schiffman helps readers boost their careers to the gold-medal level by teaching them how to strengthen their questioning skills during the sales process. The premise is simple yet effective: In order to be successful, salespeople need to change their mindset from "need-orientated" to "do-orientated". The message of the book centers around six core "do" questions: What do you do? How do you do it? When and where do you do it? Why do you do it that way? Who do you do it with? How can we help you do it better? With this indispensable guide in their briefcase, salespeople will have information at the ready to score big sales over the short term and the long term
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Unemployment Benefits and Unemployment Rates of Low-Skilled and Elder Workers in West Germany: A Search Equilibrium Approach
No full textApproach Author & abstract Download 16 References 1 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Launov, Andrey ([email protected]) (University of Kent) Wolff, Joachim ([email protected]) (Institute for Employment Research (IAB), Nuremberg) Klasen, Stephan ([email protected]) (University of Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract In this paper we investigate whether the extension of the entitlement to unemployment benefits in the mid 80s can explain the increase in the unemployment rates of unskilled and elder workers in western Germany. To answer this question we estimate a version of the Burdett-Mortensen search equilibrium model and analyze how workers’ search behaviour responded to these reforms. We try both nonparametric and fully-parametric estimation methods and identify the cases in which the nonparametric approach cannot be applied. We find that the entitlement reforms are largely responsible for the increase of unemployment among unskilled workers
Adiponectin, Leptin and Visfatin in Hypoxia and its Effect for Weight Loss in Obesity
No full textRationale: Hypoxia induces leptin gene expression in human adipocytes via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF-α/β). Under ambient moderate hypoxia, leptin in adipocytes is elevated for at least 14 days. Leptin is supposedly involved in the reduced food intake, increased utilization of fatty acids for energy production and possible weight loss observed at high altitudes. Literature on adiponectin and visfatin in high altitude is inconsistent with reports of elevated levels and non-elevated levels. Exercise in hypoxia studies in obese subjects have shown a significant weight loss after up to 3 weeks, but it is unclear if this effect holds up for longer time periods. Therefore, we aimed to investigate 32 obese subjects completing 52 exercise and rest sessions within 8 months at either moderate or sham hypoxia and to analyze leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin mRNA-expression at different time points of exposure. Methods: Abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies were taken from 32 obese subjects before, after 3 months and after 8 months of intervention. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups and exercised at moderate intensity at two different study sites twice a week. The IG was exposed to normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 14.0 ± 0.2%,) at exercise and at rest (FiO2: 12.0 ± 0.2%) and the CG to sham hypoxia. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used in order to determine mRNA-levels of leptin, adiponectin, and visfatin. Results: No differences in leptin levels after 3 and 8 months compared to baseline and between groups were found. There was no significant difference regarding adiponectin or visfatin at any time point compared to baseline in the hypoxia group, but an increase after 3 months was seen in the control group at normoxia compared to the hypoxia group (adiponectin: p = 0.029 and visfatin: p = 0.014). Conclusion: In this first several months' duration randomized sham controlled hypoxia exercise and rest study with obese subjects, we found no time extended leptin mRNA-expression in subjects under hypoxia after 3 and 8 months compared to baseline levels. Moderate exercise in normoxia not in hypoxia leads to elevated adiponectin and visfatin levels after 3 months
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Measuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data
No full textMeasuring Vulnerability to Poverty Using Long-Term Panel Data Author & abstract Download & other version 16 References 4 Citations Related works & more Corrections Author Listed: Katja Landau (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Stephan Klasen (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Walter Zucchini (Georg-August-University Göttingen) Registered: Stephan Klasen Abstract We investigate the accuracy of ex ante assessments of vulnerability to income poverty using cross-sectional data and panel data. We use long-term panel data from Germany and apply di fferent regression models, based on household covariates and previous-year equivalence income, to classify a household as vulnerable or not. Predictive performance is assessed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC), which takes account of false positive as well as true positive rates. Estimates based on cross-sectional data are much less accurate than those based on panel data, but for Germany, the accuracy of vulnerability predictions is limited even when panel data are used. In part this low accuracy is due to low poverty incidence and high mobility in and out of poverty
Evaluation of in-store processes related to returnable packaging services offered in grocery stores - the store management perspective
No full textAuthor Stephan LehnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Evaluation of in-store processes related to returnable packaging services offered in grocery stores - the store management perspective
No full textAuthor Stephan LehnerMasterarbeit Universität Linz 202
Physiological effects of training in hypoxic environments and its benefits for prevention and rehabilitation
No full textBackground: The benefits of training in hypoxic environments are widely discussed. Several interventional studies prove its usefulness for different applications. Lately the impact of hypoxia on pre-existing health conditions in middle aged and elderly populations has come into focus. Especially the potential of hypoxic training in reducing the workload during endurance training could withhold great benefits for orthopedically impaired populations like geriatric patients. Furthermore, several studies show beneficial effects of hypoxic training on cardiovascular risk factors and blood perfusion in muscles. This study compound aims at the investigation of physiological effects and potential benefits of hypoxic training interventions in the elderly.
Methods: Three studies and one review are supposed to give an overview of physiological effects and the usability of hypoxia as additive for endurance training in the elderly. Study A evaluates the effects of a commonly practiced hiking prevention program on cardiovascular risk factors in 24 elderly subjects (10 female, age 66.2 ± 4.4 years and 14 male, age 65.6 ± 2.7 years). Study B and C identify possible obstacles and risks when planning rehabilitation or prevention programs in NH. Study B shows the main differences between NH and HH comparing the physiological effects in six subjects (age 28.3 ± 8.2 years) during a “real” and a simulated hike. Meanwhile, paper C gives an overview of possible risks and especially the impact of prolonged hypoxia exposure and its potential impact on cognitive functions. Finally, in Study D, 40 geriatric patients (NG: n = 16, age 82.0 ±7.8 years, HG: n = 19, age 80.2 ± 7.2 years) participated in a single blinded, placebo controlled interventional study, investigating the potential reduction of physical workload during endurance training using NH and its physiological effects.
Results: Only one hiking session per week over a time course of nine months does not lower cardiovascular risk factors in subjects older than 60 years. Systolic blood pressure seems to be lowered only in patients with pathological or borderline values. For prevention- or rehabilitation programs, using normobaric hypoxia, some differences have to be taken into account. In NH, heartrate is lower while peripheral oxygen saturation is higher maintaining a similar physical strain as in HH (p < 0.05). Furthermore, NH seems to impair cognitive reaction time after sleep to a certain degree. Physical workload (Watt/kg p = 0.012) and related parameters are significantly reduced in a three week interventional endurance training study on simulated 3000 m in the elderly.
Discussion: NH training lowers physical workload during endurance training in the elderly. Especially for geriatric rehabilitation, where patients and their therapists have only three weeks and rather short training sessions for measurable improvements, NH has great benefits. Furthermore, it seems to provide a safe environment and allows better monitoring than HH for prevention- or rehabilitation programs. Cardiac and pulmonary demands are lower in NH compared to HH. Overnight stays in hypoxia bear some risk for cognitive impairment, which has to be taken into account as possible risk for accidents. Nevertheless, we think during normal daytime training sessions and in quite low altitudes, this is no limiting factor for preventive- or rehabilitative programs. The common hiking routine of only one hiking session per week, practiced by most elderly, seems not to be sufficient to improve cardiovascular fitness. Therefore, the search for new possibilities to use the benefits of hypoxia for this age group is of importance.
Conclusion: Training in hypoxic environments bears a lot of potential for certain patient groups. Especially the use of NH as additive to endurance training either to lower physical workload or to enhance the training intensity seems to be promising. This also could open the field of low volume high intensity training for geriatrics
Hybrid simulation of wake vortices of landing aircraft in a turbulent environment
No full textWake-vortex evolution during landing of a long range aircraft is investigated in a turbulent environment. The simulations cover final approach, touchdown on the tarmac, and the evolution of the wake after touchdown. An ambient turbulent crosswind and headwind field is generated in a pre-simulation. The wake is initialized using a RANS-LES coupling approach. The further development of the vortical wake is investigated by large-eddy simulation until final decay. Strong three-dimensional deformations appearing after touchdown and linkings with the ground are studied. The downwind vortex is strongly advected with crosswind and decays quickly. The interaction of plate line disturbances and end effects in a turbulent environment leads to irregular decay pattern
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