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Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Indigenus pada Tepung Jagung Bisi 16 selama Proses Fermentasi Spontan
Get PDFAndi Sukainah1)*, Eva Johannes 2), Reski Praja Putra 1) Program Studi Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Negeri Makassar, Makassar, Indonesia
Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Hasanuddin, Makassar, Indonesia
Indigenous microbes are a group of microbes that are involved and discovered during the spontaneous fermentation process of Corn flour Bisi 16. One type of bacteria involved and is found during the spontaneous fermentation process of corn flour Bisi 16 is lactic acid bacteria (LAB). However, apart from LAB, during the spontaneous fermentation process of corn flour Bisi 16 was also found another type of bacteria. The purpose of this study was to isolate and identify indigenous bacteria other than BAL involved in the spontaneous fermentation process of Corn flour Bisi 16. Isolate obtained from the isolation stage will be identified its morphological properties. The observed morphological properties are cell shape, Gram staining, catalase test, and endospora staining. Subsequently, pure isolates will be analyzed their genotypes using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis. The results showed that ASN9 and ASN11 isolates obtained during the spontaneous fermentation process of corn meal had a white and round coloni shape. The ASN9 isolate on the edges of the colony is rather gummy. Both isolates have rod-shaped cells, Gram (-), catalase (+), and endospores (-). Results of the 16S rRNA sequencing analysis, both ASN9 and ASN11 isolates, showed both isolates were genotypically similar to the Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloacae with a similarity rate of 98% (ASN9 isolates) and ASN11 isolates, ie 99%.
Keywords : corn flour, spontaneous fermentation, isolation, identification, Enterobacter cloacae subsp. cloaca
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
KARAKTERISASI ENZIM PEKTINASE YANG DIHASILKAN DARI ISOLAT KHAMIR INDIGENUS YANG DIISOLASI SELAMA FERMENTASI BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA
Get PDFThe following research aims to understand indigenous yeast isolates that are pectinolytic, the effect of incubation time on pectinase enzyme activity, and the pH and temperature properties of pectinase enzymes obtained from indigenous yeast resulting from spontaneous fermentation of robusta coffee beans. The following type of research is experimentation through RAL (Completely Randomized Design). This research first carried out selection of pectinolytic yeast, then determined the optimum incubation duration, pH and optimum temperature of the pectinase enzyme. The yeast isolate used was selected using media (1% pectin + 0.1% Congo red + 2% agar) to determine the highest pectinolytic ability. Selected pectinolytic yeast isolates will proceed to the stage of determining the optimum incubation time with periods of 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours, where every 24 hours enzyme extraction is carried out. Furthermore, the crude extract of the pectinase enzyme produced from selected pectinolytic yeast isolates was characterized at pH (3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6) and temperature (30oC, 40oC, 50oC, 60oC, 70oC) to determine the optimum pH and temperature. The research results showed that tests on seven indigenous yeast isolates were pectinolytic and the one with the highest pectinolytic ability was isolate K24I7 with a clear zone diameter of 3.13 mm. In determining the optimum incubation time, it was found that at an incubation time of 24 hours, isolate K24I7 was able to produce enzyme activity that was similar to other incubation times with a specific enzyme activity of 10.08 U/mg. The results of the characterization of the pectinase enzyme produced from isolate K24I7 were optimum at pH 5.5 with a specific enzyme activity value of 10.09 U/mg and an optimum temperature in the range of 40oC-60oC with an average specific enzyme activity of 10.08 U/mg. The pectinase enzyme produced from isolate K24I7 is thermophilic because it is still active at 70oC.Riset berikut bertujuan guna memahami isolat khamir indigenus yang bersifat pektinolitik, pengaruh waktu inkubasi pada aktivitas enzim pektinase, dan sifat pH dan suhu enzim pektinase yang diperoleh dari khamir indigenus hasil fermentasi spontan biji kopi robusta. Jenis riset berikut ialah eksperimen melalui RAL (Rancangan Acak Lengkap). Riset ini terlebih dahulu dilaksanakan penyeleksian khamir pektinolitik, selanjutnya dilakukan penetapan durasi inkubasi optimum, pH maupun suhu optimum enzim pektinase. Isolat khamir yang digunakan diseleksi menggunakan media (1% pektin + congo red 0,1% + 2% agar) untuk mengetahui kemampuan pektinolitik tertinggi. Isolat khamir pektinolitik terpilih akan dilanjutkan ketahap penentuan waktu inkubasi optimum dengan rentan waktu 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, serta 144 jam dimana setiap 24 jam dilakukan ektraksi enzim. Selanjutnya ektrak kasar enzim pektinase yang dihasilkan dari Isolat khamir pektinolitik terpilih dikarakterisasi pada pH (3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5, 5.5, 6) dan suhu (30oC, 40oC, 50oC, 60oC, 70oC) untuk mengetahui pH dan suhu optimumnya. Hasil riset memperlihatkan bahwasanya pengujian terhadap tujuh isolat khamir indigenus bersifat pektinolitik dan yang memiliki kemampuan pektinolitik paling tinggi ialah isolat K24I7 berdiameter zona bening 3.13 mm. Pada penentuan waktu inkubasi optimum, diperoleh pada wakru inkubasi 24 jam isolat K24I7 telah mampu menghasilkan akvitas enzim yang serupa dengan waktu inkubasi lainnya dengan aktivitas spesifik enzim bernilai 10.08 U/mg. Hasil karakterisasi enzim pektinase yang dihasilkan dari isolat K24I7 optimum pada pH 5.5 dengan nilai aktivitas spesifik enzim ialah 10.09 U/mg dan suhu optimum pada kisaran 40oC-60oC dengan rata-rata aktivitas spesifik enzim yaitu 10.08 U/mg. Enzim pektinase yang dihasilkan dari isolat K24I7 bersifat termofil karena masih aktif pada suhu 70oC
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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