301,269 research outputs found
Actors and Networks in the Megacity
No full textThis study is a concise introduction to Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory and its application in a literary analysis of urban narratives of the 21st century. We encounter well-known psycho-geographers such as Iain Sinclair and Sam Miller, and renowned authors, Patrick Neate and Suketu Mehta. Prachi More analyses these authors' accounts of vastly different cities such as London, Delhi, Mumbai, Johannesburg, New York and Tokyo. Are these urban narratives a contemporary solution to documenting an ever-evasive urban reality? If so, how do they embody "matters of concern" as Latour would have put it, laying bare modern-day "actors" and "networks" rather than reporting mere "matters of fact"? These questions are drawn into an inter-disciplinary discussion that addresses concerns and questions of epistemology, the sociology of knowledge as well as urban and documentary studies.</jats:p
Actors and Networks in the Megacity
No full textThis study is a concise introduction to Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory and its application in a literary analysis of urban narratives of the 21st century. We encounter well-known psycho-geographers such as Iain Sinclair and Sam Miller, and renowned authors, Patrick Neate and Suketu Mehta. Prachi More analyses these authors' accounts of vastly different cities such as London, Delhi, Mumbai, Johannesburg, New York and Tokyo. Are these urban narratives a contemporary solution to documenting an ever-evasive urban reality? If so, how do they embody "matters of concern" as Latour would have put it, laying bare modern-day "actors" and "networks" rather than reporting mere "matters of fact"? These questions are drawn into an inter-disciplinary discussion that addresses concerns and questions of epistemology, the sociology of knowledge as well as urban and documentary studies
Book review: Data feminism by Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren F. Klein
No full textIn Data Feminism, Catherine D’Ignazio and Lauren F. Klein use an intersectional feminist lens to examine unequal power structures in the realm of data, and highlight attempts made to rectify them. Showing how the data we collect is representative of our unequal society, this book is a call to action that will particularly benefit feminists seeking to learn how activism can contribute to creating a more equitable form of data science, writes Prachi Shukla
Pharmacokinetics of Inhaled Clofazimine in Mice
No full textTuberculosis (TB) is primarily an infectious disease of lungs caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite current therapeutic approaches, it continues to be a serious disease killing more than 1 million people annually. In developed countries, TB treatments conventionally last six-month and involve multiple anti-tubercular agents. Inappropriate treatment implementation, patient non-compliance and extensive treatment regimen has led to increasing prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) and extremely drug resistant (XRD) Mycobacterial strains. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative TB treatments including the development of new anti-mycobacterial drugs or repurposing of existing antibiotics. Clofazimine (CFZ) is one example of a repurposed antibiotic that is currently approved for the treatment of leprosy. Recently, it gained interest for the treatment of TB as a second line agent in the treatment of MDR and XDR-TB by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, oral CFZ therapy induces serious adverse effects including the discoloration of skin, and conjunctiva, and localized inflammation in GI causing abdominal pain, and splenic infarction. A study published in 2013 established inhaled CFZ as a potential treatment for pulmonary TB. As a result, recent reports describe inhaled CFZ formulation development.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) of inhaled CFZ in healthy male Swiss Webster mice. Mice were divided in 2 major groups that received a single inhaled CFZ dose while the other received multiple inhaled CFZ doses twice weekly for 4 weeks followed by a washout period (no doses) for 4 weeks. Mice in both the groups received either a low or high dose inhaled CFZ. Animals were euthanized at set time points and blood and tissues were collected for quantification of CFZ in biological matrices using a LC-MS method. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of CFZ in plasma and tissues after single and multiple inhaled doses was performed using Non-Compartmental Analysis by Phoenix WinNonlin.
Following a single inhaled CFZ dose, substantial drug retention in plasma and tissues occurs for 72 hr with no discernable elimination phase and minimum systemic absorption. After multiple doses, substantial CFZ accumulation occurs in tissues during active dosing and can persist for 4 weeks even after inhaled CFZ doses were stopped. Substantial lung concentrations were found to be of several orders of magnitude higher than plasma concentration indicating low systemic CFZ exposure following inhalation. Inhaled CFZ administration suggests dose independent PK parameters with very long CFZ elimination processes.ProQuest Traditional Publishing Optio
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Some Europeans are more equal than others
No full textThe position of Roma migrants in the EU presents an anomaly which challenges the foundations of European Union law. As Union citizens, European migrants are entitled to freedom of movement and residence in Member States. Yet the rights intended to secure this position have been routinely and selectively denied to Roma migrants, leading to forced evictions and collective expulsions without regard t o European Law. As has been evidenced in the UK, Roma arrivals are viewed with particularly acute suspicion; a response which reflects their double stigmatization as both immigrant and Roma. At the same time, Roma migration from new Member States has expo sed a contradiction inherent in the citizenship project which strikes at the heart of the Union ’s human rights credentials. The degree of exclusion and inequality faced by Europe’s largest minority in all Member States is the most pressing internal human rights issue facing the EU. Yet the European institutions continue to lack a coherent response and defined strategy. The current European framework demanding National Action Plans is commendable in that it prevents individual states from abdicating responsibility for the situation of their Roma citizens. Nevertheless, the absence of clear targets, Roma engagement and European leadership, suggest that this strategy is doomed to failure offering little more than a distraction. In a Union predicated on, inter alia, the rule of law, respect for human rights and the protection of minorities, this detached position undermines the legitimacy of the entire citizenship project
Surface modification of biodegradable and biocompatible polymer scaffolds with multifunctional self-assembled monolayers for the controlled and specific adhesion of the biomolecules
No full textDynamic surfaces can be customized to form a multifunctional assembly that favors the adsorption of the proteins and the sugar molecules in a one pot reaction and provides a control over the orientation and conformation of the bioactive ligands on the synthetic surface. Self-assembled monolayers SAMs), bearing bifunctional groups grant a straightforward, flexible and simplistic method to overcome the limitations posed by a biopolymer-peptide system. These bifunctional moieties on one terminus can be adhered to the synthetic biopolymer that acts as a scaffold for the assembly and on the other terminus can be tailored to attach to highly specific biomolecules such as peptides and carbohydrates . In a novel synthesis, the SAMs can be attached to the different biomolecules by multicomponent reactions (MCR). MCRs are the chemical reactions in which three or more reactants form a product. Although, these reactions have been known for a long time, but have yet to be used in the synthesis of the biological components that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM).M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Prachi S. Anan
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Author Correction: Association analyses of more than 140,000 men identify 63 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci
No full textCorrection to: Nature Genetics, 50, 928–936 (2018), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-018-0142-8, published online 11 June 2018.
In the version of this article initially published, the name of author Manuela Gago-Dominguez was misspelled as Manuela Gago Dominguez. The error has been corrected in the HTML and PDF version of the article.No Full Tex
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