51,734 research outputs found
Developing Solution-focused Sustainability Assessments
No full textContains fulltext :
175868.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
Contains fulltext :
175868_1.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud University, 03 juli 2017Promotores : Posthuma, L., Huijbregts, M.A.J. Co-promotor : Heijungs, R.159 p
Nomada posthuma BLUTHGEN 1949
No full textNomada posthuma BLÜTHGEN, 1949 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: No additional material examined. P u b l i s h e d r e c o r d s: Proshchalykin (2009: 240-241): Irkutsk Prov. D i s t r i b u t i o n i n S i b e r i a:IrkutskProv. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Russia (European part, Eastern Siberia, Far East); Europe, Nepal.Published as part of E, Russia., 2017, The genus Nomada (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Siberia, pp. 985-1006 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 49 (1) on pages 997-998, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.540992
Gate stability of GaN-Based HEMTs with P-Type Gate
No full textThis paper reports on an extensive investigation of the gate stability of GaN-based High Electron Mobility Transistors with p-type gate submitted to forward gate stress. Based on combined electrical and electroluminescence measurements, we demonstrate the following results: (i) the catastrophic breakdown voltage of the gate diode is higher than 11 V at room temperature; (ii) in a step-stress experiment, the devices show a stable behavior up to VGS= 10 V, and a catastrophic failure happened for higher voltages; (iii) failure consists in the creation of shunt paths under the gate, of which the position can be identified by electroluminescence (EL) measurements; (iv) the EL spectra emitted by the devices consists of a broad emission band, centered around 500–550 nm, related to the yellow-luminescence of GaN; and (v) when submitted to a constant voltage stress tests, the p-GaN gate can show a time-dependent failure, and the time to failure follows a Weibull distribution.Meneghini, M.; Rossetto, I.; Rizzato, V.; Stoffels, S.; Van Hove, M.; Posthuma, N.; Wu, T.-L.; Marcon, D.; Decoutere, S.; Meneghesso, G.; Zanoni, E. Gate Stability of GaN-Based HEMTs with P-Type Gate. Electronics 2016, 5, 14
Higher genera for proper actions of Lie groups, II: The case of manifolds with boundary
No full textLet G be a finitely connected Lie group and let K be a maximal compact subgroup. Let M be a cocompact G-proper manifold with boundary, endowed with a G-invariant metric which is of product type near the boundary. Under additional assumptions on G, for example that it satisfies the rapid decay condition and is such that G/K has nonpositive sectional curvature, we define higher Atiyah-Patodi-Singer C*-indices associated to elements [phi] is an element of H*(diff)(G) and to a generalized G-equivariant Dirac operator D on M with L-2-invertible boundary operator D-partial derivative. We then establish a higher index formula for these C*-indices and use it in order to introduce higher genera for M, thus generalizing to manifolds with boundary the results that we have established in Part I. Our results apply in particular to a semisimple Lie group G. We use crucially the pairing between suitable relative cyclic cohomology groups and relative K-theory groups
Impact of structural and process variations on the time-dependent OFF-state breakdown of p-GaN power HEMTs
No full textIn this article, we present an extensive investigation of the time-dependent drain breakdown occurring in GaN-on-Si power HEMTs with p-GaN gate under long-term OFF-state stress. In particular, the time-dependent breakdown induced by high-temperature-reverse-bias stress is investigated as a function of different process and structural variations. Main results demonstrate that, by varying the gate-to-drain distance (L-GD) and the field plates configuration, the physical location of failure changes as well. If L-GD is relatively short (3 mu m), the time-dependent breakdown occurs through the GaN channel layer between drain and source. In this case, a thinner GaN layer significantly improves the device robustness to long-term OFF-state stress. If L-GD is relatively long (>= 4 mu m), the failure occurs between the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and the source field plates. In this second case, the GaN layer thickness and L-GD have no significant impact on the time-dependent breakdown, whereas the field plate lengths can be optimized to reduce the area exposed to high electric fields, hence limiting the probability of failure. Finally, the role of the AlGaN barrier layer has been analyzed as well. If L-GD = 3 mu m, a thinner AlGaN layer is preferred, whereas if L-GD >= 4 mu m, a thicker layer with lower aluminum content gives rise to longer time to breakdown under OFF-State stress
Carbon nanoparticles in lateral flow methods to detect genes encoding virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli
No full textThe use of carbon nanoparticles is shown for the detection and identification of different Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli virulence factors (vt1, vt2, eae and ehxA) and a 16S control (specific for E. coli) based on the use of lateral flow strips (nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay, NALFIA). Prior to the detection with NALFIA, a rapid amplification method with tagged primers was applied. In the evaluation of the optimised NALFIA strips, no cross-reactivity was found for any of the antibodies used. The limit of detection was higher than for quantitative PCR (q-PCR), in most cases between 10 4 and 10 5 colony forming units/mL or 0.1-0.9 ng/¿L DNA. NALFIA strips were applied to 48 isolates from cattle faeces, and results were compared to those achieved by q-PCR. E. coli virulence factors identified by NALFIA were in very good agreement with those observed in q-PCR, showing in most cases sensitivity and specificity values of 1.0 and an almost perfect agreement between both methods (kappa coefficient larger than 0.9). The results demonstrate that the screening method developed is reliable, cost-effective and user-friendly, and that the procedure is fast as the total time required is <1 h, which includes amplification. © 2010 The Author(s).This work was partially supported by the Generalitat Valenciana (BEST/2009/026), the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (PAID-00-09-2837), and by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (KennisBasis 6 programme). The authors would like to thank Dr. Eva Moller Nielsen at the Danish Veterinary Institute (Copenhagen, Denmark) for providing E. coli control strains and Dr. Lutz Geue (Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Wusterhausen, Germany) and Dr. Dorte Dopfer (School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA) for field isolates.Noguera Murray, PS.; Posthuma-Trumpie, G.; Van Tuil, M.; Van Der Wal, F.; De Boer, A.; Moers, A.; Van Amerongen, A. (2011). Carbon nanoparticles in lateral flow methods to detect genes encoding virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. 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Decisioning on sediment deposition on land. Part 3. Modeling risks after sediment deposition
No full textRegular removal of sediments is a necessity for proper water quantity management in the Netherlands. Sediment contamination causes problems for this. Where can the contaminated sediments be deposited? The New Dutch soil policy aims at the sustainable use of soils, and allows for area-specific regulatory approaches. The current approach, based on sediment classes, does not provide sufficient insight in risks of sediment deposition on land for terrestrial organisms, and does fir the new policy. In a research project of RIVM, RIZA and Alterra, focus was on the site-specific, integrated risk assessment of sediment deposition on land. A systems-approach was designed, so as to model where compounds come from, where they go, and which risks could exist as a consequence. The results of the project are reported in three consecutive reports. In the second report of this series, the systems approach is described, in a basic scientific-technical way. In this third report of the series, the integrated risk assessments for man, agricultural products and ecosystems are described similarly. The first overview report presents the prototype of a decision-support model for sediment deposition on land, including examples of its application.Dit rapport beschrijft een model voor het gedrag van toxische stoffen die in bodem gebracht worden door verspreiding van baggerspecie. Regelmatig baggeren is een noodzaak in Nederland. Verontreinigingen in de bagger zorgen daarbij voor een probleem. Waar moet de verontreinigde bagger heen? Momenteel wordt een verspreidingsbeleid gehanteerd dat gebaseerd is op verontreinigingsklassen. Dit systeem voldoet niet meer. In het kader van nieuw bodembeleid moet er anders naar dit probleem worden gekeken. Duurzaam gebruik van de bodem moet centraal staan, en gebiedsspecifiek beleid moet mogelijk worden. De bestaande klassenindeling geeft hier geen mogelijkheden voor. In een onderzoek van RIVM, RIZA en Alterra is gekeken naar de risico's die op een lokatie door verspreiding op land kunnen ontstaan. Hiervoor is een systeembenadering opgesteld: waar komen de stoffen vandaan, waar gaan ze heen, welke organismen worden daadwerkelijk blootgesteld, en wat zijn de lokale risico's na verspreiding nu eigenlijk? Hiernaar wordt in drie samenhangende rapporten gekeken. In dit derde rapport van de serie wordt de risicobenadering technisch-wetenschappelijk beschreven. Er wordt voortgebouwd op gegevens uit het tweede rapport, waarin is beschreven of- en hoe stoffen zich ophopen in de landbodem door het verspreiden van baggerspecie. In dit rapport wordt beschreven hoe dientengevolge de risico's van de stoffenmengsels voor mens, landbouwproducten en ecosystemen kunnen veranderen. In het overzichtsrapport van de serie, het eerste rapport, wordt het ontwikkelde beslismodel als prototype gepresenteerd, en worden de gevolgen van beleidsmatige toepassing van het beslismodel verkend
Decisioning on sediment deposition on land. Part 1. Systems approach, modeling and practical examples
No full textRegular removal of sediments is a necessity for proper water quantity management in the Netherlands. Sediment contamination causes problems for this. Where can the contaminated sediments be deposited? The New Dutch soil policy aims at the sustainable use of soils, and allows for area-specific regulatory approaches. The current approach, based on sediment classes, does not provide sufficient insight in risks of sediment deposition on land for terrestrial organisms, and does fir the new policy. In a research project of RIVM, RIZA and Alterra, focus was on the site-specific, integrated risk assessment of sediment deposition on land. A systems-approach was designed, so as to model where compounds come from, where they go, and which risks could exist as a consequence. The results of the project are reported in three consecutive reports. This overview-report presents the prototype of a decision-support model for sediment deposition on land, including examples of its application. The prototype has not yet been finished, as various regulatory decisions are awaited. In the previous reports, the systems approach is described in a basic scientific-technical way, for the prediction of local concentrations of toxic compounds in soils and the risk levels that will consequently occur for man, agricultural products and ecosystems, respectively.Voor het nieuwe bodembeleid is een model ontwikkeld dat ingezet kan worden voor lokale besluitvorming over de verspreiding van licht verontreinigde bagger op de kant. Regelmatig baggeren is een noodzaak in Nederland. Verontreinigingen in de bagger zorgen daarbij voor een probleem. Waar moet de verontreinigde bagger heen? Momenteel wordt een verspreidingsbeleid gehanteerd dat gebaseerd is op verontreinigingsklassen. Dit systeem voldoet niet meer. In het kader van nieuw bodembeleid moet er anders naar dit probleem worden gekeken. Duurzaam gebruik van de bodem moet centraal staan, en gebiedsspecifiek beleid moet mogelijk worden. De bestaande klassenindeling geeft onvoldoende inzicht in lokale landbodemrisico's, en sluit niet aan bij het nieuwe beleid. In een onderzoek van RIVM, RIZA en Alterra is gekeken naar de risico's die op een lokatie door verspreiding op land kunnen ontstaan. Hiervoor is een systeembenadering opgesteld: waar komen de stoffen vandaan, waar gaan ze heen, welke organismen worden daadwerkelijk blootgesteld, en wat zijn de lokatiespecifieke risico's na verspreiding nu eigenlijk? Hiernaar wordt in drie samenhangende rapporten gekeken. In het voorliggende overzichtsrapport van de serie wordt het op basis van de systeembenadering ontwikkelde beslismodel gepresenteerd, en worden de gevolgen van toepassing van het beslismodel verkend. In de twee andere rapporten is de technisch-wetenschappelijke aanpak in detail uiteengezet, respectievelijk voor de modellen gebruikt zijn voor de voorspellingen van de concentratieveranderingen in de landbodem, en voor de daardoor veranderende risiconiveaus voor mens, landbouwproducten en ecosystemen
Differential Acquisition of m-Sequences using Recursive Soft Sequential Estimation
No full textIn this contribution a novel sequential estimation method is proposed for the acquisition of -sequences. This sequential estimation method exploits the principle of iterative soft-in-soft-out (SISO) decoding for enhancing the acquisition performance, and that of differential pre-processing for the sake of achieving an enhanced acquisition performance, when communicating over various communication environments. Hence the advocated acquisition arrangement is referred to as the Differential Recursive Soft Sequential Estimation (DRSSE) acquisition scheme. The DRSSE acquisition scheme exhibits a low complexity, which is similar to that of an -sequence generator, while achieving an acquisition time that is linearly dependent on the number of stages in the -sequence generator. A low acquisition time is achieved with the advent of the property that the proposed DRSSE scheme is capable of determining the real-time reliabilities associated with the decision concerning a set of, say , consecutive chips. This set of consecutive chips constitutes the sufficient initial condition for enabling the local -sequence generator to produce a synchronized local despreading -sequence replica. Owing to these attractive characteristics, the DRSSE acquisition scheme constitutes a promising initial synchronization scheme for acquisition of long -sequences, when communicating over various propagation environments
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