470 research outputs found
Modelling tephra dispersal and ash aggregation: application to the 26 April 1979 eruption of La Soufrière St. Vincent
No full textOn 26 April 1979, La Soufrière St. Vincent volcano (West Indies) erupted producing a tephra fallout that blanked the main island and neighbouring island of Bequia, located southwards. Using deposit measurements and available observations reported in Brazier et al. (1982), we reproduce the main features and processes of the eruption and estimate by best-fit the eruption source parameters such as the Mass Eruption Rate (MER), the Total Erupted Mass (TEM), and validate the Total Grain-Size Distribution (TGSD). Tephra transport and deposition is simulated using the 3D time-dependent Eulerian model FALL3D. The TGSD reconstructed by Brazier et al. (1982) showed a bi-modal pattern having a coarse mode around 0.5 mm and a fine mode around 0.06 mm. Because ash aggregation was significant during the eruption, we perform a comparative study by neglecting and accounting for aggre- gation using three different aggregation models. The models for ash aggregation in the plume assume wet conditions consistently with the eruptive phreatomagmatic features, considering both the effects of air moisture and magmatic water. The sensitivity to the driving meteoro- logical model (WRF-ARW) is also investigated considering model spatial resolutions of 5 and 1 km showing that, for this kind of eruptions, high-resolution meteorology is pivotal. The optimal best-fit results indicate a column height of ~13 km above the vent, a MER of ~7×106 kg/s which, for an eruption duration of 370 seconds, gives a TEM of ~2.7×10^9 kg. The opti- mal aggregate mean diameter obtained is 1.5Φ with a density of 520 kg/m3 contributing to ~28 % of the deposit loading
Modelling tephra dispersal and ash aggregation: The 26th April 1979 eruption, La Soufriere St. Vincent
No full textOn the 26th April 1979, La Soufriere St. Vincent volcano (West Indies) erupted producing a tephra fallout that blanketed the main island and the neighboring Bequia Island, located southwards. Using deposit measurements and the available observations reported in Brazier et al. (1982), we estimated the optimal Eruption Source Parameters, such as the Mass Eruption Rate (MER), the Total Erupted Mass (TEM) and the Total Grain-Size Distribution (TGSD) by means of a computational inversion method. Tephra transport and deposition were simulated using the 3D Eulerian model FALL3D. The field-based TGSD reconstructed by Brazier et al. (1982) shows a bi-modal pattern having a coarse and a fine population with modes around 0.5 and 0.06 mm, respectively. A significant amount of aggregates was observed during the eruption. To quantify the relevance of aggregation processes on the bulk tephra deposit, we performed a comparative study in which we accounted for aggregation using three different schemes, computing ash aggregation within the plume under wet conditions, i.e. considering both the effects of air moisture and magmatic water, consistently with the eruptive phreatomagmatic eruption features. The sensitivity to the driving meteorological model (WRF/ARW) was also investigated by considering two different spatial resolutions (5 and 1 km) and model output frequencies. Results show that, for such short-lived explosive eruptions, high-resolution meteorological data are critical. Optimal results best-fitting all available observations indicate a column height of ~12 km above the vent, a MER of ~ 7.8x10^6 kg/s which, for an eruption duration of 370 s, gives a TEM of ~ 2.8x10^9 kg. The optimal aggregate mean diameter obtained is 1.5 phi with a density of 350 kg/m^3, contributing to ~ 22% of the deposit mass
What Did Matthieu Beroald Transmit to François Béroalde de Verville?
Get PDF Many tangible and intangible goods were passed down within early modern families. The goods included texts and the knowledge that texts communicated. But how did they relate to the other goods transmitted within families? That question is explored in relation to the scholar Matthieu Beroald and his son François Béroalde de Verville, author of the famous Moyen de parvenir. Matthieu transmitted to François a humanist education, at least one printed volume (probably more), an interest in certain topics (especially chronology), a network of contacts, but little wealth. And François soon donated to his sisters what wealth he did receive. His relationship to his intellectual inheritance from his father was complex and ambivalent. Aspects of François's attitude towards knowledge may have stemmed, via his father, from two grandfather-figures: Matthieu's own father (a barber-surgeon) and Matthieu's relative and benefactor François Vatable (the Hebraicist). </jats:p
Social protection
No full textThis chapter analyses models of social protection. The author (Matthieu Clément) first discusses several recent programmes and proceeds by implementing Esping-Andersen’s analytical framework accounting for the plurality of social protection logics and actors. He finds that the two main dimensions that help differentiate social protection types across countries are the extent of decommodification and the extent of informal social protection. Four models of social protection are identified. Although China, India or Brazil, together with Latin American reformers, all fall into the USA-like liberal type, the other emerging countries fall into the social insecurity model, with migrant remittances playing a key role in bolstering family income in the country of origin. The last two models, which are specific to developing economies, are described in detail
L'Ouvrage incomplet sur Matthieu (Opus imperfectum in Matthaeum) et les commentaires en latin sur l'évangile de Matthieu de l'Antiquité. Comparaison exégétique et stylistique ciblée sur la partie A (Mt 1-8)
No full textAs part of the critical edition project of the Incomplete Work on Matthew (Opus imperfectum in Matthaeum, OIM), the present thesis analyzes the links between this anonymous commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, coming from a Riminian subordinationist environment (i.e. “Homean”), and other Latin exegetical works on the same gospel. After recalling, in a state of research, the main characteristics of the corpus taken into account, we carried out a continued exegetical comparison relating to the section Mt 1-8, corresponding to the first part of the OIM, with the fragments remains of the commentary on Matthew by Origen (3rd century), the commentaries on Matthew by Fortunatian of Aquileia and Hilary of Poitiers (mid-4th century), those of Jerome and Chromatius of Aquileia (late 4th century), and the texts by an anonymous Latin author from late Antiquity known as pseudo-Origen. This study was accompanied by a stylistic comparison on certain aspects (appellations of Christ, exegetical vocabulary, personal marks), highlighting the profound originality of the OIM in this regard. The results of this double comparison confirm the deep link of the OIM with Origen's Commentary on Matthew, an influence that the anonymous author shares with Jerome. Furthermore, our study shows for the first time the use in the OIM of the Commentary on Matthew by Chromatius of Aquileia. Finally, the results of the stylistic comparison, accompanied by a theological analysis of the translator's positions, tend to confirm that it is indeed to the author of the OIM that we owe the ancient Latin translation of the Commentary on Matthew of Origen.S'inscrivant dans le projet d'édition critique de l'Ouvrage incomplet sur Matthieu (Opus imperfectum in Matthaeum, OIM), la présente thèse analyse les liens entre ce commentaire anonyme sur l'évangile de Matthieu, provenant d'un milieu subordinationiste riminien (i.e. « homéen »), et d'autres ouvrages exégétiques latins sur le même évangile. Après avoir rappelé, dans un état de la recherche, les principales caractéristiques du corpus pris en compte, nous avons procédé à une comparaison exégétique suivie portant sur la section Mt 1-8, correspondant à la première partie de l'OIM, avec les commentaires sur Matthieu de Fortunatien d'Aquilée et d'Hilaire de Poitiers (milieu IVe siècle), ceux de Jérôme et Chromace d'Aquilée (fin IVe siècle), et les textes d'un auteur latin anonyme de la fin de l'Antiquité surnommé le pseudo-Origène. Cette étude s'est doublée d'une comparaison stylistique sur quelques aspects (appellations du Christ, vocabulaire exégétique, marques de personne), faisant ressortir la profonde originalité de l'OIM à cet égard. Le bilan de cette double comparaison confirme l'influence profonde du Commentaire sur Matthieu d'Origène sur l'OIM, ce qui rapproche l'auteur anonyme de Jérôme. De plus, notre étude met en évidence pour la première fois son utilisation du Commentaire sur Matthieu de Chromace d'Aquilée. Enfin, les résultats de la comparaison stylistique, assortis d'une analyse théologique des positions du traducteur, tendent à confirmer que c'est bien à l'auteur de l'OIM que nous devons l'ancienne traduction latine du Commentaire sur Matthieu d'Origène
Modelling ash cloud dispersion and the impact of ash aggregation during volcanic eruptions
Get PDFImprovements for characterizing eruption processes are made commonly through field or remote-sensing measurements, lab experiments and numerical models. However, the main volcanological parameters inter-dependency makes challenging the assessment of tephra dispersion and sedimentation, from which mass eruption rate, total erupted mass, and Total Grain-Size Distribution (TGSD) are typically estimated. This thesis aims at better constraining Eruption Source Parameters (ESP) and in particular the TGSD, usually derived from field sample analysis. The estimation of very fine ash (i.e. < 30 μm) fraction, within the TGSD, commonly suffers from the lack of distal field data, especially for basaltic eruptions. Besides, particle-particle aggregation affects ash dispersal and deposition. Although numerical simulations can account for ash aggregation, they need an accurate TSGD as input. Here, I report the use of the FALL3D model with airborne and ground-based data to quantify i) the very fine ash and the effect on the results and ii) the occurrence of ash aggregation during ash transport. I focus on the integration of field and satellite data to better estimate the TGSD and the PM10 fraction especially. The methodology, which integrates field, ground-based and satellite measurements to improve the TGSD characterization, is applied first to the 23rd February 2013 Etna paroxysm, then to the 23rd November 2013 Etna eruption. Indeed, these eruptions benefited from south-westerly winds dispersing tephra towards the Puglia region (southern Italy; ~410 km from the source), allowing collection of field samples to very distal areas. Then, I studied ash aggregation processes characterizing the explosive eruption of La Soufrière Saint Vincent on 26th April 1979. During this event, a significant aggregate fraction was observed contributing to premature tephra fallout from the vent to Bequia Island (36 km southwards). I investigated the effect of various TGSD together with different aggregation schemes on the resulting tephra loading and ash dispersal
How Autistic Brains Grow Differently: Hippocampal Neurogenesis in the 16p11.2 Heterozygous Mouse, a Model of Non-syndromic Autism
No full textThis work was produced while the author was an undergraduate student in the Summer Research Institute of the Ronald E. McNair Post Baccalaureate Degree Achievement Program at Rutgers University
Van last naar les: Hoe publiek-private samenwerking de regenwateroverlast voor inwoners, woningeigenaren en klanten kan verlagen. Een analyse van schadegegevens en de factoren die van invloed zijn op regenwaterschade
No full textIn het Impactproject ‘Samen met verzekeraars naar een regenbestendige stad’ hebben we de werelden van een verzekeraar, onderzoeker en gemeente/waterbeheerder bij elkaar gebracht. Amsterdam Rainproof, Waternet, Achmea en TU Delft zijn de samenwerking aangegaan om de impact van extreme regenval op bewoners in Amsterdam te analyseren en te verkennen hoe hierop te anticiperen om zo de waterschade te verminderen en het woongenot te vergroten. Het vertrekpunt van het Impactproject is de wateroverlast en schade die inwoners van Amsterdam, waaronder de klanten van Achmea, ondervonden als gevolg van extreme regenval. We willen hierbij in eerste instantie de manieren inzichtelijk maken waarop eigenaren van woningen, huurders, verzekeraars en Waternet alleen en in samenhang met elkaar kunnen anticiperen op een wolkbreuk om waterschade te verminderen. In tweede instantie willen we de werkwijze verbeteren waarmee betrokken organisaties informatie over schade inwinnen en delen. We hebben de schade van de wolkbreuk van 28 juli 2014 onderzocht door middel van een analyse van bestaande verzekeringsdata van Achmea verrijkt met andere openbare data, en meldingen van wateroverlast bij Waternet, de gemeente Amsterdam en de Brandweer. Daarnaast hebben we door middel van een bewonersenquête in Oud-Zuid en Oud-West gekeken naar de factoren die bijdragen aan waterschade en naar de werkelijk ervaren schade. Deze onderzoeken geven een beeld van de wateroverlast en schade die optreedt tijdens en na een wolkbreuk, en inzicht in de effectieve voorzorgsmaatregelen die genomen kunnen worden om schade te verminderen. Om de persoonsgegevens van alle betrokken bewoners in het onderzoeksgebied te beschermen hebben we gezorgd dat bij de aanpak van de onderzoeken informatie van verschillende bronnen (verzekeringsdata, meldingen bij Waternet) niet te combineren is op adresniveau, maar slechts op 6-cijferig postcode niveau. Individuele resultaten van de bewoners enquête heeft de TU Delft niet onderling gedeeld met Waternet en Achmea. In dit rapport zijn alleen geaggregeerde resultaten van de bewonersenquête terug te vinden; zonder verwijzing naar een individueel adres of persoon
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