1,721,021 research outputs found
An Introduction
Full text linkKommensalität – das gemeinsame Essen und Trinken in einem gemeinsamen physischen und sozialen Rahmen – spielt eine fundamentale Rolle im menschlichen Alltagsleben. Diese zentrale Bedeutung macht Kommensalität zu einem besonders wichtigen Ausgangspunkt für die Erforschung sozialer Beziehungen und politischer Mechanismen. Um die in jüngster Zeit in der Archäologie und verwandten Disziplinen zu beobachtende einseitige Fokussierung auf Feste und andere besondere kommensale Anlässe zu relativieren, sollte der Blick auf Alltagskommensalität gerichtet werden, in deren Rahmen sich entscheidende Prozesse sozialer Reproduktion abspielen. Ich werde zwei besondere Formen von kommensalen Praktiken hervorheben, Gastfreundschat und die Zuteilung von bzw. Versorgung mit Lebensmitteln (“provisioning”), die in vielen Facetten in den Beiträgen dieses Bandes diskutiert werden. Schließlich erörtere ich den in der Archäologie weitgehend vernachlässigten Forschungsbereich Hunger und dessen Implikationen für die Nutzung von Kommensalität als Machtinstrument.The centrality of commensality – eating and drinking together in a common physical and social setting – in people’s everyday lives makes it a particularly important location from which to explore social relations and the working of politics. The recent focus in archaeology and related disciplines on feasting and other special commensal occasions needs to be balanced by attention to daily commensality, in which crucial elements of social reproduction take place. I highlight two particular forms of commensal practices, hospitality and provisioning, that resonate with many of the cases discussed in the papers in this volume. Finally, I point to a largely neglected area of study in archaeology, that of hunger and its implications for the politics of commensality
Between Feasts and Daily Meals
Full text linkErscheint in der Reihe "Berlin Studies of the Ancient World" herausgegeben von Exzellenzcluster 264 Topoi ; 30Commensality - Eating and drinking together
in a common physical and social setting – is a central
element in people’s everyday lives. This makes commensality
a particularly important theme within which
to explore social relations, social reproduction and the
working of politics whether in the present or the past.
Archaeological attention has been focused primarily
on feasting and other special commensal occasions
to the neglect of daily commensality. This volume
seeks to redress this imbalance by emphasizing the
dynamic relation between feasts and quotidian meals
and devoting explicit attention to the micro- politics
of Alltag (“the everyday”) rather than solely to special
occasions. Case studies drawing on archaeological
( material) as well as written sources range from the
Neolithic to the Bronze Age in Western Asia and
Greece, Formative to late pre-Columbian com munities
in Andean South America, and modern Europe
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Bauen und Wohnen in Monjukli Depe und Umgebung, Turkmenistan
No full textDie ersten Gemeinschaften von Ackerbauern und Viehzüchtern traten im Kopet-Dag-Vorland in Südturkmenistan Ende des 7. Jahrtausends v. Chr. auf und läuteten eine lange Geschichte dörflichen Lebens in Lehmziegelbauten ein. Dieses Buch untersucht das Bauen und Wohnen der frühen Bauern und Bäuerinnen Zentralasiens anhand architektonischer Befunde und geht der Frage nach, wie diese Menschen ihre Wohnräume gestalteten. Mit einer diachronen Betrachtung und einem Fokus auf die Temporalität der Bau- und Wohnpraktiken beleuchtet der Autor sowohl den Wandel als auch die Kontinuitäten in der Gestaltung des Wohnraums, die über bemerkenswert lange Zeiträume hinweg Bestand hatten.
Die Analyse erfolgt auf zwei Ebenen. Auf der Mikroebene wird die Nutzungsgeschichte und Architektur einzelner Häuser in Monjukli Depe untersucht. Dieser Fundort wurde 2010–2014 durch ein Team der Freien Universität Berlin ausgegraben. Besondere Beachtung finden die Lebenszyklen der Häuser – von ihrem Bau über die Nutzung bis hin zur Aufgabe und Umnutzung. Diese individuellen Hausgeschichten bieten ein differenziertes Bild der Raumnutzung im äneolithischen Dorf, zeigen aber auch viele Gemeinsamkeiten, die auf geteilte Vorstellungen über Hausbau, Wohnen und den Umgang mit Hausruinen hindeuten.
Auf der Makroebene wird die Entwicklung des gebauten Raums über im Zeitraum 6200–2700 v. u. Z. betrachtet. Die Analyse der großflächig ausgegrabenen neolithischen und äneolithischen Fundstellen des Kopet-Dag-Vorlands ermöglicht es, langfristige Entwicklungen in der Raumorganisation dörflicher Siedlungen in der Region zu identifizieren. Diese Ergebnisse werden mit bestehenden Narrativen zur gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung in Zentralasien verglichen und tragen zu einem tieferen Verständnis von Kontinuitäten und Veränderungen in der prähistorischen Siedlungsweise bei.The first communities of farmers and herders appeared in the Kopet-Dag foothills in southern Turkmenistan at the end of the 7th millennium BCE, marking a long history of village life in mud-brick houses. This book examines the spatial organization of the early farmers of Central Asia using archaeological evidence. With a diachronic approach and a focus on the temporality of building and living practices, the author illuminates both the changes and the continuities in the way living space was arranged over remarkably long periods of time.
The analysis takes place on two levels. On the micro scale, the author analyses the history of use and architecture of individual houses in Monjukli Depe. This site, which comprises Neolithic and Aeneolithic settlement layers, was excavated 2010–2014 by a team from the Freie Universität Berlin. Particular attention is being paid to the life cycles of the houses – from their construction and use to their abandonment and re-use. These individual house histories offer a differentiated picture of the use of space in the Aeneolithic village, but also show many similarities indicating shared ideas about house construction, living and the handling of house ruins.
On the macro scale, the author examines the development of built space over a period 6200–2700 cal BCE. The analysis of the extensively excavated Neolithic and Aeneolithic sites of the Kopet-Dag foreland makes it possible to identify long-term developments in the spatial organization of village settlements. These results are compared with previous narratives of societal development in Central Asia and contribute to a deeper understanding of continuities and changes in the prehistoric lifestyles
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