1,720,975 research outputs found
Temporo-mandibular disorders in OSAS patients treated with MAD: review of the literature
No full textPsychological Distress [Elektronisk resurs] : A Mediating Factor in the Relationship Between Sleep Bruxism and Tobacco Smoking
Full text linkBACKGROUND: Sleep bruxism (SB) is defined as a masticatory muscle activity during sleep characterised by a multifactorial aetiology. Tobacco smoking and psychological status are considered predisposing factors for SB, but their mutual interaction remains unclear.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between self-report SB, tobacco smoking, and psychological status, adopting a multiple-variable model in a sample of healthy young adults.METHODS: A sample of 150 individuals (Female = 62%; mean age (±SD) = 23.3 (±3.4) years) completed a questionnaire to assess self-reported SB, tobacco smoking, and psychological distress. Self-reported SB was assessed according to the Subject-Based Assessment strategy recommended in the 'Standardized Tool for the Assessment of Bruxism' (STAB). Psychological distress was evaluated using the four-item Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4) for anxiety and depression. Tobacco smoking was assessed by four questions included in the Global Adult Tobacco Smoking (GATS) questionnaire. Spearman's rank correlation, ordinal regression, and mediation analysis were used to examine the relationship between SB, psychological distress, and smoking-related variables.RESULTS: Significant positive correlations between SB and psychological distress (r = 0.350, p < 0.001) and between SB and n° cigarettes/day (r = 0.196 p < 0.05) emerged. Psychological distress positively mediated this relationship between tobacco smoking and SB, with an indirect effect of 0.065 (C.I. = 0.108-0.313; p value < 0.05). Psychological distress showed a positive predictive effect for SB (OR = 1.23, C.I. = 0.071-0.345, p < 0.05), while no significant associations with smoking variables were found.CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitation of this study, tobacco smoking does not seem to be directly correlated with sleep bruxism. Psychological distress could play the role as a mediating factor in this relationship.</p
Relationship Between Cigarette Smoking and Awake Bruxism: Does Smoking Increase the Frequency of Masticatory Muscle Activities?
Full text linkBackground: Despite the aetiology of awake bruxism (AB) being prevalently linked to psychological factors, several studies suggested that the use of certain substances, such as tobacco smoking, can contribute to the increase in masticatory muscle activities (MMA) during wakefulness. Objective: The aim of this study is to assess whether there is a correlation between the frequency of awake bruxism behaviours and smoking habits. Methods: Participants were recruited, without gender or ethnic restriction, at the University of Siena, Siena, Italy, by advertising. Participants completed a questionnaire containing the four-item patient health questionnaire for anxiety and depression (PHQ-4) and some items from the Global Adult Tobacco Smoking (GATS) questionnaire. Moreover, they performed one week of awake bruxism behaviours monitoring via the ecological momentary assessment (EMA). Results: A total of 100 participants (university employees, dentists, undergraduate and post-graduate students) were included in the study (34 males and 66 females, mean age 24.5 years). Of them, 39% were smokers and 61% were non-smokers. The multiple variable linear regression analysis results showed a statistically significant correlation between the frequency of awake bruxism behaviours and the PHQ-4 scores. Specifically, for every 1% increase in PHQ-4 score, the mean frequency of the AB behaviours increases 5-fold. Awake bruxism behaviours did not show any statistically significant correlation with the number of smoked cigarettes (p > 0.05). Mandible bracing significantly correlated with the number of years of smoking (B = 1.58, p = 0.002). Conclusions: According to the present study's findings, the frequency of awake bruxism behaviours correlated with symptoms of anxiety and depression but not with smoking status
Awake Bruxism Is Unrelated to Smoking, Despite the Different Psychological Status: A Pilot Study
Full text linkObjective: The aim of the present study is to get deeper into the complex interplay that might exist between awake bruxism (AB), tobacco smoking, and anxiety and/or depression symptoms in a group of healthy young adults. Materials and Methods: The study participants were recruited by advertising the investigation at the University of Siena, Siena, Italy. The inclusion criteria were being in good general health, without systemic diseases or oral diseases. People with ongoing medical or dental treatment and those with a history of systemic disease or temporomandibular disorders were excluded. The participants who were included in the study received a questionnaire containing three sections for the assessment of AB behaviors, anxiety and depression symptoms, and the number of cigarettes smoked. Results: A total of 141 healthy young adults met the inclusion criteria. Different awake masticatory muscle activities showed different strengths of association with anxiety and depression symptoms. However, no relationship was found between the number of smoked cigarettes and the frequency of the various masticatory muscle activities considered. Conclusions: The result of the present study shows no clear-cut association between the frequency of self-reported AB behaviors and smoking in healthy individuals
The Interaction of Craniofacial Morphology and Body Mass Index in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
No full textAim: This study sets out to explore the relationship between craniofacial morphology and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity, assessing the relative contribution of obesity, calculated using BMI. Methods: A sample of 30 adult patients (20 males; 10 females), mean age = 54(±76) years, with a polysomnography-confirmed diagnosis of OSA, i.e., with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of over 5 events/h, was recruited and underwent cephalometric evaluation. Sleep parameters, namely AHI, AHI supine, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), and mean oxygen saturation [Mean SaO2%], were assessed. Correlation analysis between 13 cephalometric features and AHI was performed using a Pearson test. The sample was split into three groups based on AHI score (mild = 10 30), and ANOVA was performed to compare the means of cephalometric features. In addition, the sample was split into two groups according to BMI (normal weight = BMI 25). Correlation analysis between cephalometric features and AHI was performed for each group using a Pearson test. Results: The average polysomnographic values were AHI = 29.08(±16); AHI supine = 43.45(±21); ODI = 23.98(±21); mean SaO2(%) = 93.12(±2). Posterior facial height (PFH) was significantly lower in the severe OSA group than in patients with moderate OSA (p = 0.05). In the normal-weight group, negative correlations of the PFH and SNA angle with AHI (r = −0.36; r = −0.25, respectively), and positive correlations of the FMA angle and MP-H distance with AHI (r = 0.29; r = 0.20, respectively), were found. In the overweight group, negative correlations of AO-BO distance, SPAS (upper posterior airway space) and PAS (posterior airway space) with AHI (r = −0.30; r = −0.28; r = −0.24, respectively), and positive correlations of AFH (anterior facial height) and the FMA angle with AHI (r = 0.32; r = 0.25, respectively), emerged. Conclusions: PFH seems to be related to the aggravation of OSA. In normal-weight subjects, hard tissue-related factors have a greater impact on OSA severity, whereas in overweight subjects, the impact of fat tissue is greater
The Relation Between Daytime Sleepiness and Awake and Sleep Bruxism Report in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Full text linkObjective: To assess the relationship between daytime sleepiness and both self‐reported awake bruxism (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB) in patients with different severities of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). Material and Methods: One hundred and seventy‐four participants (female = 33.9%; mean age [±SD] = 55.1 ± 12.3 years) with polygraphy‐confirmed OSA underwent a self‐reported assessment for both awake and SB and daytime sleepiness, using the BRUX scale questionnaire and Epworth sleepiness scale, respectively. Three BRUX scale sum scores were computed for each patient: total sum score, AB sum score and SB sum score. To assess OSA severity, the apnoea‐hypopnoea index and minimal oxygen saturation (MinSat) were considered. Correlations between daytime sleepiness, BRUX scale scores and OSA severity were assessed using Pearson's test. In addition, a multiple linear regression analysis model was used to assess the predictive effect of both self‐reported awake and SB and OSA severity on daytime sleepiness. Results: A significant, but weak correlation emerged between daytime sleepiness and the BRUX scale total sum score ( r = 0.155; p < 0.05), the awake BRUX scale sum score ( r = 0.174; p < 0.05) and MinSat ( r = 0.194; p < 0.01). No significant correlations were found between OSA severity and any other variables. The multiple linear regression analysis showed that only the awake BRUX scale sum score had a positive predictive association with daytime sleepiness ( B = 0.485; [95% CI = 0.076; 0.936]; p = 0.027). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, in individuals with OSA, self‐reported AB showed a predictive effect for daytime sleepiness, while no significant correlation between daytime sleepiness and OSA severity emerged
Repeatability of Teethan® indexes analysis of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles during maximum clenching: a pilot study
Full text linkObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the repeatability of a surface electromyographic (EMG) device (Teethan & REG;, Teethan S.p.A., Milan, Italy), designed for the analysis of the masseter and anterior temporalis muscles.Materials and methodsTests were performed on a sample of 30 healthy fully dentate TMD-free individuals randomly selected. Each test consisted of two distinct recordings performed at 5-min intervals: (i) the patient is asked to clench with maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), with two cotton rolls interposed between the dental arches; (ii) the patient is asked to repeat the same clenching activity without the cotton rolls. The outcomes of the study were the EMG indices conceptualized by the manufacturing company, based on the differences between the two test conditions (i.e., clenching on cotton rolls and on dentition). Pairwise correlation analysis and ANOVA test were performed to assess the strength of correlation and the significance of differences between the results of the three trials.ResultsThirty TMD-free healthy individuals (20 females and 10 males; mean age 44 years, range 16-60 years) took part in the study. ANOVA test did not show any statistically significant difference between the three trials. The Global Index, which is the mean of the other EMG indices, showed the highest correlation values between the three trials, while some other indices showed a weak-to-medium correlation level. One out of five participants showed a coefficient of variation higher than 10%.ConclusionsThe statistical analysis showed that the indices provided by the device are quite repeatable. However, this does not necessarily imply a specific clinical application of the device, which was here used in fully controlled experimental conditions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
- …
