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The Significance of Criticism of Democratic Representation in Populist Ideas
Full text linkW artykule analizie zostaje poddane pojęcie populizmu jako kluczowego fenomenu wpływającego na współczesne systemy demokratyczne. Głównym celem badania jest zidentyfikowanie istoty współczesnych idei populistycznych oraz zbadanie, w jaki sposób niepopulistyczne demokratyczne partie polityczne adaptują elementy retoryki populizmu bez przyjęcia populistycznej krytyki reprezentacji politycznej, koncentrującej się na kwestionowaniu ciał pośredniczących oraz organizacji ponadnarodowych. W badaniu wykorzystano metodologię analizy teoretycznej oraz metodę porównawczą. Autor rozważa słabości różnych koncepcji populizmu, takich jak ideacyjna teoria mikroideologii, teoria dyskursywna oraz podejście strategiczne, by sformułować propozycję populizmu rozumianego jako mikroideologia poszerzona o kwestię krytyki współczesnej praktyki reprezentacji demokratycznej. Analiza obejmuje także przykłady z współczesnej polityki zachodniej. We wnioskach wskazano, że populizm jest związany z krytyką instytucji demokratycznych i przynajmniej postulowaniem ich zmiany. W przeciwieństwie do niego powszechne przejawy polityki demokratycznej, wykorzystujące jedynie wybrane elementy retoryki populistycznej, nie kwestionują instytucjonalnego porządku demokratyczno-liberalnego i nie stanowią – tak jak populizm – przykłady nieliberalizmu.
This article analyzes the concept of populism as a key phenomenon influencing contemporary dem ocratic systems. The primary aim of the study is to identify the essence of modern populist ideas and to examine how non-populist democratic political parties adopt elements of populist rhetoric without embracing the populist critique of political representation, which focuses on challenging intermediary bodies and supranational organizations. The study employs a methodology combining theoretical analysis and comparative methods. The author examines the weaknesses of various conceptualizations of populism – such as the ideational theory of micro-ideology, the discursive theory, and the strategic approach – in order to propose an understanding of populism as a micro-ideology expanded by the inclusion of criticism of contemporary democratic representation practices. The analysis also includes examples drawn from contemporary Western politics. The article concludes that populism is inherently connected to a critique of democratic institutions and at least postulation of their transformation. In contrast, common manifestations of democratic pol itics that merely employ selected elements of populist do not question the institutional order of liberal democracy and, unlike populism, do not constitute instances of illiberalism
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Hobbesa zmagania z wolnością. QUENTIN SKINNER Hobbes and Republican Liberty Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2008, ss. 270
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