1,721,017 research outputs found
Factors affecting cervical screening uptake in prisoners
No full textImprisoned women are at increased risk of cervical cancer but less likely to have been screened for this disease. There is very little information on the situation in prisons in the UK but this study indicates that, as anticipated, these women are less likely to have been screened in the last five years than women generally. Whilst there are no ethnic differences, it appears that women who had been in prison longer than three months were more likely to have had a smear in the last five years compared with those who had been in for three months or less (79.2% vs 37.5%, Chi-squared=9.7, p=0.002) suggesting that the prison health services had been able to use this opportunity to screen this disadvantaged population.</p
Critical appraisal skills teaching in UK dental schools
Full text linkKey publications on training in dentistry, including the latest version of the General Dental Council learning outcomes for dentists, recognise the importance of teaching evidence-based practice for dental students. However, dental curriculum designers have considerable flexibility on the scope and approach for teaching evidence-based dentistry (EBD) and there is no readily available information showing how EBD is taught across the dental schools in the United Kingdom (UK). Critical appraisal is one of the key steps of evidence-based decision making and so we investigated through an electronic survey whether and how critical appraisal skills (CAS) are taught and assessed across the UK dental schools. The survey included questions regarding teaching methods, duration and timing of CAS teaching, and assessment methods. Twelve out of the total 16 UK dental schools participated in this survey, giving an institutional response rate of 75%. While all 12 participating UK dental schools reported CAS were taught and assessed in their institution, there were very varied approaches between institutions in every surveyed aspect of CAS education. CAS teaching and assessment strategies should be regularly reviewed in line with the evolving dental curriculum. Regular inter- and intra-institutional review of teaching, specifically in evidence-based dentistry including CAS may encourage professional debate regarding facilitation of improved CAS and their integration into clinical practice
Risk of injury and the consumption of different types of beverage: is there an association?
No full textThe health benefits of moderate consumption and the damaging consequences of excessive consumption of alcohol are well documented.1 Injury is an important alcohol related health problem but while the role of alcohol in particular types of injury has been studied,2 there is little information on particular types of alcoholic beverage and injuries. This contrasts with the literature on cardiovascular disease and alcohol where the relation with the consumption of different beverages has been extensively explored. The evidence here indicates that there is no specific benefit associated with one type of beverage; the extra benefit associated with wine in some studies can be explained by different drinking patterns.1We looked at data from a community survey to explore for the first time, the relation between the risk of non-fatal injury and the consumption of particular types of beverage
Migration and perinatal mental health in women from low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkMigrant women are at risk of perinatal mental disorders due to stressors experienced before, during and after migration.This systematic review and meta-analysis summarises the prevalence, associated factors and interventions for perinatal mental disorders in migrant women from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).We systematically searched nine electronic databases and the grey literature using a predefined search strategy.Studies were included if they assessed pregnant or postpartum migrants from LMIC, used a structured tool and a case-control, cross-sectional, cohort or intervention study design.Data was double-extracted. We calculated pooled prevalence of depression and weighted mean anxiety and depression scores. We calculated crude odds ratios from risk factor studies and summarised intervention studies descriptively.Forty studies were identified from 10 123 references. Pooled prevalence was 31% [95% condidence interval (CI) 23%-40%] for any depressive disorder and 17% (95% CI 12-23%) for major depressive disorder. Previous depression and lower social support were associated with perinatal depression. There were insufficient data to assess the burden of anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder or psychosis in this population.One in three migrant women from LMIC experiences symptoms of perinatal depression. Social support is an important protective factor. Evidence on LMIC women relocating to other LMIC is lacking. Given the adverse consequences of perinatal mental illness on women and their children, further research in low-resource settings is a priority.One in three migrant women from low- and middle-income countries has symptoms of perinatal depression
Ethical guidance for health research in prisons in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
No full textObjectives: this study examined the extent, range and nature of the published literature, prison policies and technical guidance relating to the ethical conduct of health research in prisons in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Study design: scoping Review.Methods: we adhered to the five stages of the scoping review iterative process: identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting the data, and collating, summarizing and content analysis of polices. Disagreements around allocation of content were resolved through team discussion. We also appraised the quality of the included articles.Results: we included nine records that examined the ethical aspects of the conduct of health research in prisons in LMICs; eight of these were peer-reviewed publications, and one was a toolkit. Despite the unique vulnerabilities of this group, we could find no comprehensive guidelines on the ethical conduct of health research in prisons in LMICs.Conclusions: the majority of the world's imprisoned populations are in LMICs, and they have considerable health needs. Research plays an important role in addressing these needs and in so doing, will contribute to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. With regards to health research, imprisoned people in LMICs are 'left behind'; there is a lack of clear, prison-focused guidance and oversight to ensure high quality ethical health research so necessary in LMICs. There is an urgent need for prison health experts to work with health research ethics experts and custodial practitioners for procedural issues in the development of prison-specific ethical guidance for health research in LMICs aligned with international standards.</p
The impact of imprisonment on health: what do women prisoners say?
No full textBACKGROUND: Women prisoners tend to suffer poor health on a range of indicators. This study sought to explore women prisoners' perceptions of the impact of imprisonment on their health. METHODS: This qualitative study involved adult women prisoners in two closed local prisons. Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted. RESULTS: Women prisoners reported that imprisonment impacted negatively upon their health. The initial shock of imprisonment, separation from families and enforced living with other women suffering drug withdrawal and serious mental health problems affected their own mental health. Over the longer term, women complained of detention in unhygienic facilities by regimes that operated to disempower them, including in the management of their own health. Women described responses to imprisonment that were also health negating such as increased smoking, eating poorly and seeking psychotropic medication. However, imprisonment could also offer a respite from lives characterised by poverty, social exclusion, substance misuse and violence, with perceived improvements in health. CONCLUSION: The impact of imprisonment on women's health was mixed but was largely perceived to be negative. Despite policy initiatives to introduce health promotion in prisons, there is little evidence of the extent to which this has been effective. The current policy climate in the UK makes it especially timely to examine the reported experience of women prisoners themselves about the impact of imprisonment on their health and to re-evaluate health promotion in women's prisons
Covid-19 vaccine in prison: a not-to-be-missed opportunity to promote access to vaccination in adolescents
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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