131,705 research outputs found
Correlated effects of selection for immunity in White Leghorn chicken lines on natural antibodies and specific antibody responses to KLH and <it>M. butyricum</it>
No full textAbstract Background The effect of selection for three general immune response traits on primary antibody responses (Ab) to Mycobacterium butyricum or keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was studied in four experimental lines of White Leghorn chicken. Birds underwent 12 generations of selection for one of three different general immune criteria; high antibody response to Newcastle disease virus 3 weeks after vaccination (ND3), high cell-mediated immune response, using the wing web response to phytohemglutinin (PHA) and high phagocytic activity, measured as carbone clearance (CC). Line ND3-L was selected on ND3, line PHA-L was selected on PHA, and line CC-L on CC, but all lines were measured for all three traits. The fourth line was a contemporary random bred control maintained throughout the selection experiment. Principal component analysis was used to distinguish clusters based on the overall set of immune measures. Results In the KLH immunised group, no differences were present between lines for natural antibodies binding to KLH and LPS, and, lines ND3-L and PHA-L had higher titers to LTA and anti-Gal titers measured before the immunisation protocol. The measure of ND3 was correlated positively with LPS titers measured post KLH immunisation and with the difference between LPS titers measured at day 0 and 7 post immunisation. In the M. butyricum immunised group, Line ND3-L showed significantly higher specific antibody response to M. butyricum, and this result agrees well with the hypothesis that the Th-1 pathway was expected to be selected for in this line. Conclusion This study has shown that the two different antigens KLH and M. butyricum gave rise to different responses in the set of selected lines, and that the response was only enhanced for the antigen associated with the same response mechanism as that for the trait (ND3, PHA or CC) for which the line was selected. Interactions between innate and acquired immunity have been observed mainly for the high antibody selected trait, indicating there was a specific interaction due to the selection criterion. Furthermore, the results confirmed the independence between the three selected traits. Finally, principal component analysis contributed to visually discriminate high and low responders to the two new antigens in the four lines.</p
MeSH term explosion and author rank improve expert recommendations
No full textInformation overload is an often-cited phenomenon that reduces the productivity, efficiency and efficacy of scientists. One challenge for scientists is to find appropriate collaborators in their research. The literature describes various solutions to the problem of expertise location, but most current approaches do not appear to be very suitable for expert recommendations in biomedical research. In this study, we present the development and initial evaluation of a vector space model-based algorithm to calculate researcher similarity using four inputs: 1) MeSH terms of publications; 2) MeSH terms and author rank; 3) exploded MeSH terms; and 4) exploded MeSH terms and author rank. We developed and evaluated the algorithm using a data set of 17,525 authors and their 22,542 papers. On average, our algorithms correctly predicted 2.5 of the top 5/10 coauthors of individual scientists. Exploded MeSH and author rank outperformed all other algorithms in accuracy, followed closely by MeSH and author rank. Our results show that the accuracy of MeSH term-based matching can be enhanced with other metadata such as author rank
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Episode 9: Fruitvale Station (Guest: Michael Pinard)
No full textFruitvale Station (2013) is based on the real-life events leading to the death of Oscar Grant III, a 22-year-old black man who was shot and killed by a Bay Area Rapid Transit officer on New Year’s Day 2009 at the Fruitvale district station in Oakland, California. The film depicts the final day in Oscar Grant’s life, interspersed with flashbacks from his past, which together provide a richly layered picture a young man whose life was tragically cut short. The film was written and directed by Ryan Coogler (in his first feature film), and stars Michael B. Jordan as Oscar Grant, Melonia Diaz as his girlfriend, and Octavia Spencer as Oscar’s mother. Fruitvale Station not only provides a moving account of Oscar Grant’s final day, but also presents a chilling indictment of police violence and the role that race still plays in perpetuating it. I am joined by Professor Michael Pinard of the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. Professor Pinard is a nationally recognized expert on criminal law, race and the criminal justice system, and the challenges faced by individuals with criminal convictions when reintegrating into society. Timestamps:0:00 Introduction4:18 Impressions of the film when it came out and today7:23 Living in the shadow of the criminal justice system9:25 Bystander recordings and their impact13:14 The challenges of prosecuting police violence17:17 The humanity of Oscar Grant18:53 How white and black people perceive law enforcement differently21:40 The fleeting nature of life for many black and brown Americans24:58 “The talk”26:45 What’s changed since Oscar Grant’s death, and what hasn\u27t33:44 The need for a film about the school to prison pipeline37:09 The parents of the incarceratedFurther reading:
Cummings, André Douglas Pond, “Reforming Police,” 10 Drexel L. Rev. 573 (2018)
Fan, Mary D., Camera Power: Proof, Policing, Privacy, and Audiovisual Big Data (Univ. Cambridge Press 2018)
Pinard, Michael, “Poor Black and ‘Wanted’: Criminal Justice in Ferguson and Baltimore,” 58 Howard L.J. 857 (2015)
Schwartz, Joanna, Shielded: How the Police Became Untouchable (Viking 2023)
Simonson, Jocelyn, “Beyond Body Cameras: Defending a Robust Right to Record the Police,” 104 Geo. L.J. 1559 (2016)https://scholarship.shu.edu/law-on-film-s01/1008/thumbnail.jp
Magnetic field-assisted single-point incremental forming with a magnet ball tool
No full textThis paper describes magnetic field-assisted single-point incremental forming (M-SPIF) with a Nd-Fe-B magnet ball tool. In M-SPIF, the tool driven by magnetic force plastically deforms a sheet. The polarity of the magnet tool helps to make the magnetic force (i.e., forming force) more controllable. In creating a truncated cone, the direction of the magnetic force gradually points more outward as the process progresses, and material is forced outwards from the cone center, increasing thinning in M-SPIF, while the cone center remains undeformed in traditional SPIF. Moreover, M-SPIF creates less localized plastic strain than traditional SPIF while forming the desired geometry
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Episode 9: Fruitvale Station (Guest: Michael Pinard)
No full textFruitvale Station (2013) is based on the real-life events leading to the death of Oscar Grant III, a 22-year-old black man who was shot and killed by a Bay Area Rapid Transit officer on New Year’s Day 2009 at the Fruitvale district station in Oakland, California. The film depicts the final day in Oscar Grant’s life, interspersed with flashbacks from his past, which together provide a richly layered picture a young man whose life was tragically cut short. The film was written and directed by Ryan Coogler (in his first feature film), and stars Michael B. Jordan as Oscar Grant, Melonia Diaz as his girlfriend, and Octavia Spencer as Oscar’s mother. Fruitvale Station not only provides a moving account of Oscar Grant’s final day, but also presents a chilling indictment of police violence and the role that race still plays in perpetuating it. I am joined by Professor Michael Pinard of the University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law. Professor Pinard is a nationally recognized expert on criminal law, race and the criminal justice system, and the challenges faced by individuals with criminal convictions when reintegrating into society. Timestamps:0:00 Introduction4:18 Impressions of the film when it came out and today7:23 Living in the shadow of the criminal justice system9:25 Bystander recordings and their impact13:14 The challenges of prosecuting police violence17:17 The humanity of Oscar Grant18:53 How white and black people perceive law enforcement differently21:40 The fleeting nature of life for many black and brown Americans24:58 “The talk”26:45 What’s changed since Oscar Grant’s death, and what hasn\u27t33:44 The need for a film about the school to prison pipeline37:09 The parents of the incarceratedFurther reading:
Cummings, André Douglas Pond, “Reforming Police,” 10 Drexel L. Rev. 573 (2018)
Fan, Mary D., Camera Power: Proof, Policing, Privacy, and Audiovisual Big Data (Univ. Cambridge Press 2018)
Pinard, Michael, “Poor Black and ‘Wanted’: Criminal Justice in Ferguson and Baltimore,” 58 Howard L.J. 857 (2015)
Schwartz, Joanna, Shielded: How the Police Became Untouchable (Viking 2023)
Simonson, Jocelyn, “Beyond Body Cameras: Defending a Robust Right to Record the Police,” 104 Geo. L.J. 1559 (2016)https://scholarship.shu.edu/law-on-film-s01/1008/thumbnail.jp
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
De la gingivite des femmes enceintes et de son traitement (4e édition) / par A. Pinard,... et D. Pinard,...
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De la gingivite des femmes enceintes et de son traitement / par le docteur A. Pinard,... et D. Pinard
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